Skills of speaking Putonghua

1. Pay attention to the phonetic differences between Putonghua and your own dialect. The phonetic differences between Mandarin and dialects are mostly regular. There are big and small rules, and there are often some exceptions in the rules, so we should sum them up ourselves. It's not enough to just summarize. You should look up the dictionary, look it up, strengthen your memory and practice it again and again. In practice, we should not only pay attention to the phonological differences, but also pay attention to the learning of light words and vowels.

2. Pay attention to the pronunciation of polyphonic words. One word with multiple tones is one of the important reasons for misunderstanding, which must be paid great attention to. Disyllabic words can be learned from two aspects. The first category is polysyllabic words. We should focus on understanding its different meanings and remembering its different pronunciations. The second category is polyphonic words with the same meaning, so we should focus on their different use occasions. Most of these polyphonic characters are "wide" in one voice occasion and "narrow" in another voice occasion. Just remember the narrow one.

3. Pay attention to the misreading caused by similar or radical analogies. This misunderstanding is very common, because the glyphs are similar, and the word A is pronounced as the word B. Misreading caused by analogy between the pronunciation of radical itself or the pronunciation of more commonly used words composed of radical is also common. The so-called "show can only read half a word" and make jokes refers to this misunderstanding.

4. Pay attention to the pronunciation of different words. In Mandarin vocabulary, some words (or morphemes in words) have the same or basically the same meaning, but they are customarily pronounced in two or more different ways, which are called "variant characters". In order to standardize these pronunciations, the state organized the "Putonghua Phonetic Examination Committee" in 1950s to examine the pronunciations of words with different pronunciations in Putonghua. Decades have passed and several drafts have been changed. 1985, the state published the Pronunciation Table of Putonghua Variants, which requires that the pronunciation and pronunciation of Putonghua Variants involved in culture, education, publishing, broadcasting and other departments and industries all over the country should be based on this new pronunciation table. When using the phonetic alphabet, it is best to compare it with reference books (such as Xinhua Dictionary and Modern Chinese Dictionary). Look at all the pronunciations, meanings and use cases of a word first, and then look at the pronunciations and use cases in the phonetic review table. After comparison, if there is any discrepancy between the two, the sound audit table shall prevail. In this way, the purpose of pronunciation standardization is achieved.