What is the profound meaning of "dig" mentioned by Lu Xun at the end of the article?

Praise and dig

Lu Xun

When people in China meet a person with signs that make them uneasy, they always use two methods: suppress him Go down, or hold him up. (Propose the point: "praise" and "dig" are two ways to treat others)

If you can't hold him down, use old habits and old morals. When you can't hold him down, just hold him up. ; Thinking that if you lift him up high and satisfy him enough, you can be a little harmless to yourself and feel at ease. (Explanation paragraph)

Strong people naturally seek profit and praise them, such as praising rich people. Praising an actor, praising a director, etc. But the "motivation" of ordinary people's praising is probably just to avoid harm. Even in terms of the Shinto enshrined, it is generally evil; Guanyin Bodhisattva is cute, but that is from What India imports is not our "national quintessence". To put it simply, whoever is praised is nine times out of ten not a good thing. (Analyze the motives of those who praise and the attributes of those who are praised)

Since nine out of ten times it is not a good thing, the result of being praised will naturally be counterproductive to the hopes of those who praise it. It will not only make them uneasy, but also make them very uneasy, because the "human heart" is not easy to be satisfied (disgusted). However, people I haven't realized it yet, and I still think that praising is a way to stay safe. (Following the above analysis of the harm of "praising", I point out that some people still practice "praising", thinking that it is a "way to stay safe", which shows the stupidity of those who praise) (Encourage greed, but suffer its consequences)

I remember a book telling a joke that when it was the birthday of a magistrate, because he was born in the year of Zi and was a rat, the members of the zodiac raised money to cast a gold The mouse was given as a gift. After the magistrate accepted it, he found another opportunity to tell the public: Next year happens to be my wife’s birthday again; she is one year younger than me and is born in the year of the Ox. (Previously it was a narrative, telling the story directly, It is concise and concise, describing the general idea without further description and elaboration, which is worth learning) In fact, if you don’t give the golden rat first, he will never dare to think about the Taurus. Once you give it to him, he is afraid that his concubine will also be an elephant. The elephant is not in the twelfth year. Within the zodiac, of course the magistrate has a mysterious and profound magic that we cannot fathom. (The greedy face of the magistrate can be seen in the analysis) (Analyze examples, discuss matters as they are, get to the point, do not make useless remarks, let alone idle remarks) < /p>

(This paragraph focuses on the analysis of the harm of "praising") (encouraging greed, but suffering from it)

During the Revolution of the Republic of China, a governor came to S City. Although he also He was born in Green Forest University, but he still considered the overall situation and listened to public opinion. However, from the gentry to the common people, he used the ancestral praise method to attack in groups. (Previously, it was mainly about narration and discussion, and the narrative was concise and tight. The next step is analysis) This visit, that compliment, giving him clothes and mats today, wings and mats tomorrow, made him forget what he was doing, and gradually turned into an old bureaucrat, scraping the land. (This example is different from the previous example, only in that From the perspective of narrative analysis, the previous case is more detailed, but this case is extremely concise, focusing on discussion in a few words. From the perspective of case selection, the previous case is about a greedy person in the officialdom, and this case is about "taking the overall situation into consideration", but After several times of "praising", he "gradually became like an old bureaucrat, scraping the ground", which shows the great harm of "praising".) (Examples point out the harm) (Corrode personality, make it degenerate)

The strangest thing is that the rivers in the north are much higher than the roofs. (This sentence is a narrative. It tells the story directly. It is summarized in one sentence and will not be used in unnecessary details.) Naturally, it was to prevent it from bursting. So a little bit of soil was added to the blockage; but little did we know that the higher the blockage, the greater the disaster would be if it burst. So we "grabbed the embankment" and "strictly prevented the embankment from breaking". There were many ways to do it, and everyone suffered. (Use the cause-and-effect analysis method to trace the source. , to explore the reasons and reveal how harmful the consequences are.) If when the river was overflowing, instead of adding embankments, but to dig the bottom, I think it would never be like this. (Use the hypothetical analysis method to return to the true nature of the event, without talking about the harm. , the dangers manifest themselves. At the same time, it also pointed out another way to "dig", and accidentally pointed out "dig")

(The three examples range from people to things, from corrupt officials to "taking the overall situation into consideration". People, from being insatiable to gradually becoming insatiable, from "avoiding harm" to causing harm, from encouraging greed to corroding personality and then to devastating consequences, progressing layer by layer, the scope is getting wider and wider, and the degree is getting deeper and deeper.) (Vicious cycle, causing devastating consequences)

Those who covet gold bulls will not give them not only golden rats, but also dead rats. (Follow the above, using the form of decreasing to express the meaning of progress, Clear point of view) Then, this generation may not even do birthday greetings. It is already a great pleasure just to save birthday greetings. (Point out that the way to deal with greedy people is not to "give" or "praise", and not to help. That

Greed is "already a great pleasure" to oneself)

(This paragraph proposes not to "praise" or "dig", leaving room for the discussion below)

< p>The root of Chinese people's asking for trouble is to ask for trouble, but the way to "ask for more blessings" is to dig. (Use symmetrical sentences to express the opposite point of view: "Praise" is the way to ask for trouble. "Digging" is the way of "asking for more blessings". It is concise and concise. The author has cherished the ink as much as gold.) In fact, the amount of labor is about the same, but from the perspective of people with too much inertia, they think it saves effort. (Analysis of "Digging" "It is as laborious as "praising", but the results are very different. From the perspective of human nature, the root of "praising" is that people have "too much inertia", and it is natural to show their opinions and "dig".)

This article is titled "Praise and Digging". In the writing process, I mainly focus on "praise". I take the trouble to discuss it, give concise examples, and analyze it thoroughly. Focusing on its harm, people have a clear understanding of "praise". Seeking an average, the traditional and simplified are appropriate.

December 10, 1925 (selected in "The Complete Works of Lu Xun? Huagai Collection")

"Praise and Digging"

16. What consequences of "praising" do the examples in the article reveal? What kind of progressive relationship exists between the examples? (8 points)

Tips: 1. Promote greed, People suffer the consequences 2. It corrodes the personality and causes it to degenerate. 3. Vicious cycle, causing devastating consequences.

Progressive relationship: Revealing that the scope of harm of "praising" is getting wider and wider, and the degree of harm is getting higher and higher. Coming more and more

17. What is the profound meaning of "dig" mentioned by Lu Xun at the end of the article? (6 points)

Tips: 1. "dig" means "seeking more blessings for yourself" "Way. 2. "Digging" is as laborious as "praising", but the results are very different. 3. The emphasis on "digging" is because most people at that time had not gotten rid of the inertia of "praising".

《 The disaster of memory is also the accumulation of cultural wealth"

16. Analyze the attitude expressed by the author using Feng Xiaogang's movie "Tangshan Earthquake" and the German art installation "Stumbling Block" as examples. (6 points)

Answer: Deny the romantic and lyrical use of the movie "Tangshan Earthquake" It is a cultural memory method that forgets the reality and cruelty of the disaster and whitewashes the peace. It is affirmed that "Stumbling Block" faces the pain caused by the disaster, is shocking and creative, and is a cultural memory method. (6 points. 1 point each for negative and positive attitudes; The analysis is worth 2 points each, including 1 point for romantic lyricism in "Tangshan Earthquake", 1 point for "forgetting" or "whitewashing", 1 point for "facing the disaster" in "Stumbling Block", and 1 point for "powerful and creative". Meaning That’s fine) ▲

17. The author believes that how can memory disasters be accumulated into cultural wealth? (6 points)

Answer: Face the pain directly and understand the disaster; disaster memories must enter the cycle of "cultural memory" and become the collective memory of society; culture The way of memory must be shocking and creative; people must listen to, understand the disaster, and respect the cultural value of disaster memory. (6 points. 2 points for each point. Three correct answers are enough. The meaning is correct)

Three briefs

Four points out the different meanings of the two "wei" characters in the underlined part "Wei outside the taste". (4 points)

The former "wei" refers to The material components and material conditions of beauty. The latter "taste" refers to the fundamental nature and universal laws that make everything beautiful.