There is an urgent need to ask some questions about Qiu Si in Tianjin. . .

Old vines are faint crows, small bridges are flowing, and old roads are thin horses. When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world.

Appreciate:

This poem has only five sentences and 28 words, and its language is extremely concise but its capacity is huge. With a few strokes, I drew a homesick picture of a wandering wanderer, which vividly conveyed the voice of a wandering wanderer.

This picture consists of two parts:

First, carefully selected groups of scenery that can represent Xiao Qiu form a twilight autumn wild map;

Second, describe a wanderer walking alone in the cold autumn, with endless pain in his heart.

The first painting is *** 18 with nine nouns, without empty word, which is natural and fluent, with rich connotations. With his skillful artistic skills, the author bathed nine different landscapes in the afterglow of the sunset, presented them to us in a "montage" brushwork like a focal plane, and brought the readers into the late autumn season at once: several dead vines were wrapped around several bald trees with yellow leaves. We can imagine that crows can still have old trees to return to, but wanderers are homeless. How miserable and helpless it is! Next is a small bridge, flowing water, and a small farmhouse with faint smoke. The rural scenery in which such people live is so quiet and sweet, comfortable and carefree. All this can't help but remind the wanderer of the bridges, flowing water and relatives in his hometown. Here, the sad feelings are written in the happy scene, which sets off the helpless sadness of the wandering wanderer.

In the second painting, we can see that in the bleak autumn wind, on the lonely ancient road, a wanderer suffering from homesickness rides a long-delayed thin horse and wanders into the distance in the heavy twilight. At this time, the sun sets, scattering a bleak oblique light. This is the reunion moment when birds return to their nests, cattle and sheep return home and people return home. However, the wanderer is still "the end of the world is reduced." At this moment, this situation, a wandering in a foreign country, in the face of such a bleak and desolate scene, how can it not be sad, heartbroken and heartbroken! The heart of a wandering wanderer drops blood in the autumn wind. ...

A very short ditty expresses its indescribable connotation, vividly depicts the sad inner world of a wanderer and gives people a shocking artistic feeling. Reading makes people feel bitter, and singing makes people feel more sad. People who watch this song without tears don't know what it means.

On the one hand, this poem has won such high praise because it depicts a wonderful late autumn evening scene and truly shows the loneliness and sadness in the world. Although depressed, it reflects the depressing atmosphere of the times at that time and has certain social significance. On the other hand, more importantly, it has high artistic achievements. The obvious features are:

1. Simple and profound interdependence

Song Yu, an ancient man, once described a beautiful woman's figure as "adding one point is too long and subtracting one point is too short". The refinement of the characters in Tianjingsha Qiu Si can also be said to have reached the point where one word cannot be added or subtracted. There are only five sentences and twenty-eight characters in the whole article. No exaggeration, no allusions. This vivid picture is outlined by pure line drawing: at dusk in late autumn, a travel-stained wanderer rides a thin horse and walks alone on the ancient road against the chilly west wind. He walked past an old tree covered with withered vines and saw crows hovering in the treetops at dusk. He crossed the small bridge across the stream and came to the doors of several families by the stream. At this time, the sun is about to set, but he hasn't found a place to stay. It will be a long night, and he can't help feeling sad and deeply sad. As for why the wanderer drifted here? Where on earth is he going? These meanings can be left to the reader to imagine. This poem is really a masterpiece with simple words and rich meanings, and less wins more. In the first three sentences and eighteen words of the poem, * * * wrote nine things: rattan, tree, crow, bridge, water, home, road, wind and horse. Every word, every word and every scene can be described as "cherishing ink as gold". However, brevity is not simple. Before the names of nine things, there are modifiers expressing their own characteristics, such as withered, old, faint, small, flowing, human, ancient, western and thin, which make all things have distinct personalities and make unrelated things form a unity in the desolate late autumn twilight. The author has no place to write these things, nor does he write about the relationship between these things and the activities of vagrants, but readers can imagine them and connect them closely. In simplicity, you can see depth and fineness.

2. Static and dynamic scenes set each other off.

The artistic effect of Tianjingsha Qiu Si is also due to the successful use of foil techniques. The author brings many relatively independent things into a picture at the same time, thus forming the mutual contrast between dynamic and static, bright and dark, background and subject: the "flowing water" in dynamic contrasts with the "small bridge" and "people" in static, showing a quiet environment; "West Wind" and "Ancient Road" set each other off to make the road more desolate; On the autumn scenery map sketched by the author, on the one hand, the dead vines, old trees and crows are gloomy in the autumn wind and small showers, and on the other hand, the afterglow of the sunset paints the dead vines, old trees and crows with a touch of gold; The "small bridge flowing water" presents an elegant and comfortable scene, which is in contrast with the wanderer who fell into a foreign land, making the "heartbroken person" more sad. Judging from the whole composition, the first four sentences are about scenery and the last one is about people. But people are the main body and scenery is the background of people's activities. When the background is written, the main body is set off. This is the wonderful use of mutual contrast.

3. Scenery and emotion blend together

Poetry expresses ambition. This poem aims to express the sorrow of the people who were born. But people's thoughts and feelings are abstract and difficult to express. The author uses the traditional writing method of attaching affection to things to portray this bitterness and sorrow incisively and vividly. Dead vines, old trees, faint crows, westerly winds, thin horses, sunset, tangible and sensible things all have obvious late autumn colors, which are similar to intangible and abstract bitterness. Only by seeing and touching can people feel concrete and vivid. Just like "Ask you how worried I can be?" ? Just like a river flowing eastward, "sorrow" has nothing to do with "water", but the author uses the river as a metaphor for sorrow, and the two are "like". It is very profound to express infinite sadness with the scenery of the river flowing eastward. Natural scenery originally had no thoughts and feelings, but when the poet incorporated these objective things into his aesthetic comprehension and feelings, they were endowed with emotional colors and merged with people's thoughts and feelings. "Little Bridge Running Water" is just a very common landscape, but when it is in the same picture with "Tianya heartbroken man", it is no longer an isolated scene, but the fuse of heartbroken people, which brings a sad atmosphere to the picture. The so-called "feelings are presented by scenes, and scenes are born by feelings" is the truth. "Tianjingsha Qiu Si" can be called a masterpiece with feelings in the scene, scenery in the feelings and a seamless scene.

The same sunset-"Clear sand? The expansion of Qiu Si.

Now is the third day of entering the ancient road.

Looking back, the winding footprints have been buried by the wind and sand; Looking around, the long dust connected with the sky will break my tired heart.

At noon, the sun is still like a brazier, viciously emitting hot light to the ground. At that time, the earth was like a fire, and the boiling flame was burning to devour me. Now, she is smart, kind, gentle and even a little cute. Her light footsteps danced like dragonflies. Plumes of red light sprinkled on the hills not far away, like a warm hand stroking them gently, stroking their wounds burned by the midday sun.

Isn't this the sunset in my hometown that I miss day and night? The warm picture of the past comes back to my mind: our hut is located by the stream, in front of which is a small stone bridge. I listen to the murmuring water humming songs every day, and then feel the whisper between it and the stone bridge with my heart. The happiest moment is to watch the sunset with my brothers and sisters, watch her slide gently behind the mountain with joy, and the distant sky still shines with a faint afterglow. Finally, I watched her leave, leaving a string of golden blessings. ...

But the ruthless war shattered my happy life. In a year's time, I changed from my favorite little son to a homeless tramp. I can only choose to escape. Only this thin horse accompanied me.

From then on, the sunset in my eyes just hung on an ugly old tree with dead branches and vines, which made me sad.

Everything is like a dream! The horse neighing, I just came to my senses and found that the sunset has turned into a red but delicate jade plate. The part left on the ground, like a beautiful lip, plays a huge flute on the horizon, but plays a bleak westerly movement.

Alas, look at the horizon, look at the horizon!

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This is a lonely late autumn night.

There was a long music in the distance: don't ask me where I came from, my hometown is far away, and don't ask me why I wandered far away. ...

Autumn wind and autumn rain make people sad. The rain has stopped, and the sunset is gradually setting. Only half a listless face is left on the top of the mountain, looking helplessly at this listless world. There are some lonely trees hanging their heads somberly by the roadside, as if trying to get rid of some withered vines wrapped around them. Crows perch on branches and occasionally hover, and it seems that they can hear their heavy gasps in the air. The water in the roadside stream is almost dry, and the rest are struggling silently. The smoke from the kitchen reminds pedestrians that there are still people here, but those small huts that are upside down really can't give too much warmth to this evening. Xiaoshiqiao has been lying on the river for many years and never seems to be happy. The running water is old, the slate is old, and the bridge is old, like a centenarian who is senile and can't stand the trampling of time. Only the winding ancient road, with heavy steps and strong spirit, leads to the distance.

How long has it been since he left home? He doesn't remember, and how far is it from home? He doesn't know. He only felt as if he had walked on this ancient road for a thousand years and ten thousand years. The west wind was already cold, and he made another cold war. The horse shivered under him and shook his heart. This horse has lost weight. What about himself? He didn't dare to look or think. The west wind started again, and he felt his hair flying wildly around his temples. He suddenly felt sad: people wandering around are afraid to look in the mirror! How many white hairs should be added in the mirror!

Let's go, let's go, walk on this ancient road of yellow dust, walk in the spring flowers and autumn moon, walk between reality and history. How far is youth? How far is my hometown? How far is the ideal? Forget it, please. Another day is about to pass, endless ancient roads and endless worries! In the wind, in the darker and colder dusk, some sentences suddenly became clear in his mind:

Dead vines, old trees, faint crows,

Small bridges and flowing water,

As the old saying goes, the west wind is spreading eastward,

The sun went down,

Heartbroken people are at the end of the world.

Comments: Ma Zhiyuan's original work is a landscape painting with shallow pen and ink, with limited pen and ink and unlimited emotion. I admire Yao's future classmates. He came in with his heart. With a heavy heart, he filled the endless gaps in the original song with real songs and rich imagination. In this exercise, personification is the most beautiful and artistic conception is the most beautiful. Whether it's a listless face in the sunset, an ancient road full of energy, a wobbly heart or a face afraid to look in the mirror, it all comes from a serious and sincere understanding of the original text!