Word order inversion of classical Chinese

1. What is the word order inversion phenomenon in classical Chinese? First of all, we should make clear what is an object phrase, what is an object and what is an attribute. For example, I sit in bed and read comic books. Here, I am the subject sitting on the bed, the adverbial on the bed, the object phrase, the predicate comic book, the attributive book, the object phrase, and the object phrase that should have been put in front. For example, the correct word order should be: hoard 30,000 soldiers at the customs and put them here. Several kinds of prepositional objects in negative sentences, such as 1 and pronoun prepositional objects, must meet two conditions: first, the object must be a pronoun; Second, it must be a negative sentence, expressed by negative words such as "no", "no" and "mo".

In this case, pronoun objects should be placed before verbs and after negative words. For example, "I was willing to take care of you when I was three years old."

"Don't care about me" should be understood as "Don't care about me". Storytelling is another example: "The ancients did not bully."

"Don't bully me" means "Don't bully me". The Story of Shi Zhongshan II. Pronoun preposition object in interrogative sentences In classical Chinese, interrogative pronouns such as "Who", "He", "Xi" and "An" are often placed in front of verbs.

For example, "The Hongmen Banquet": "Liang asked,' What is your majesty doing here?" "Fuck" should be understood as "fuck". 3. Preposition Preposition Object In modern Chinese, prepositions are followed by objects to form an object-object structure, which is used to modify verb predicates.

In classical Chinese, the preposition object is often placed before the preposition, forming the phenomenon of inverted sentences. For example: "Yueyang Tower": "Guess! Who is Weiss? " "To whom" should be understood as "to whom".

4. Common prepositional objects In common prepositional objects, everyone should pay attention to the sense of language. For example, Zou Ji satirized Qi King coachable: "Don't be confident" should be understood as "believe in yourself".

Attributive is postpositioned, attributive should be placed in front of the head language (modifier), and the postposition reason is similar to prepositional object. For example, a 90-year-old Yugong in Beishan lives near the mountain. The correct word order should be: a 90-year-old Yugong in Beishan lives near the mountain.

2. Explain several sentence patterns of classical Chinese in detail, especially several forms of inverted sentences; Examples of common special sentence patterns in classical Chinese; There are four common special sentence patterns in junior middle school classical Chinese: judgment sentence, ellipsis sentence, passive sentence and inversion sentence. It is called a sentence. It usually consists of the following ways: 1. Judgment sentences expressed by function words with certain sentence patterns, such as loanwords "zhe" and "ye". (l) Chen, a native of Yangcheng, also fought for her husband in a noble family, and his courage was also argued. The beauty of qi is also. Zou Ji satirized the King of Qi. 2. With the help of words such as "Nai", "Yes", "Wei", "Ze" and "Ben". (1) Fu Su's Chen She family is the founder; (2) Alice is a middleman; (3) Xiang Yan is the Chen She family of General Chu; (4) This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower; (5) This is an example of Zhen Liang's death. Using nouns or noun phrases as predicates to express judgments is also a form of judgment sentences in classical Chinese. (1) Seven Classics and Four Libraries, Book Borrowing by Emperor Huang Sheng (2) Book Borrowing by a Rich Family, Book Borrowing by Huang Sheng (2) Elliptic Sentences Some sentences omit some components of the sentence in a certain language environment. This kind of sentence is called ellipsis. In ancient Chinese, common ellipsis sentences have the following forms: 1. Subject ellipsis (1) The wild snake in Yongzhou, [snake] is black and white, "The Snake Catcher said" (2) [The man in the Peach Blossom Spring] saw the fisherman, but was shocked by the Peach Blossom Spring. Predicate ellipsis (2) Li is the head of the family. 3. The object ellipsis (left) Ambassador [Fu Su] will send soldiers to the Chen She family. (2) The fisherman will go home. (4) Preposition ellipsis (L) Chen She Family [2] Wu Lingren. Narrative sentences in which the subject and predicate are in a passive relationship are called passive sentences. Generally speaking, there are the following forms: L. Passivity is expressed by "for ………" and "for". (1) was printed as a trap for the pack to follow, (2) was offered to the village at the beginning of the week, and (3) his childhood interest was swallowed up by two worms. Infantry are mostly users. The rabbit in Home (2) cannot be recovered, while Waiting for the Rabbit (3) in Song Dynasty uses "Yu" to express passivity. (1) is only humiliated by a slave's hand. (2) Worship Wu Zong's "Le Gong Luo Cheng". Therefore, in the translation of classical Chinese, it is sometimes necessary to make appropriate adjustments. Inverted sentences in ancient Chinese usually have the following forms: 1. Verb inversion (1) is very bad. You don't like Yugong Mountain (2). Sadly, the world is also sad. 2. Preposition object A. What's wrong with pushing the object with the auxiliary word "zhi"? Put it before a verb or preposition. 3. "Zhe" is often used as a marker after the attribute, and it is placed before the noun in translation. (1) People who cover the peach pit and narrow it call it "the story of the nuclear ship" (2) "Ma Shuo" who traveled all the way from the horse to eat or eat all the millet stones (3) and then took the lead in taking on three husbands. Translation should come before predicate. (1) Bone-throwing Wolf (2) Fighting with a long spoon; Cao Gui Debate (3) Sacrificing four special sentence patterns in classical Chinese above Chen She family, which are often encountered in junior high school classical Chinese learning. Mastering the usage of these special sentence patterns is of great help to improve our reading ability of classical Chinese. The passive sentence of special sentence pattern in classical Chinese is called passive. That is to say, the subject is the passive and victim of the behavior indicated by the verb, not the active and implementer. If you use "for" to express passive "death, death, the whole world is laughing", will you complain? ... laughed at by the whole world) and "being" to express passive "loyalty" and slander? " (loyalty is vilified by others, can you not resent it? In classical Chinese, the subjects of passive sentences are passive and patient (…… cheated in vain) and passive "subject to others" (subject to others) and "intolerable distance". "(can't be tolerated by neighbors). In ancient Chinese, the subjects of passive sentences are passive and patient, not active and agent. That is, with the help of some passive verbs, the other is unmarked passive sentences, also called passive sentences with ideas. Marked passive sentences generally have the following forms: the preposition "Yu" is used after the verb to indicate passivity, and "Yu" plays the role of guiding the initiative. For example, "Therefore, I am confused about Zheng Xiu. The foreign bully is Zhang Yi." ("Historical Records". Biographies of Qu Yuan) The actions of "confusing" and "bullying" here were issued after "Yu" with Zhang Yi. Sometimes, the preposition "Yu" or verb is preceded by "Bei" to form the form of "Bei". Yu, "said. I am afraid that I will be bullied by the king. I'm afraid I will be wronged by the king. (ditto) I was violently attacked by the king. (Mencius Hui Liang Wang Xia) There is a special usage of Jian, which is very similar to the passive form of Jian, such as "Is Ji Jun honest or angry". "(such as" forgive me "in modern Chinese. Use "Wei" and "Wei". Cable "to express passivity. For example, "(the giant) will be merged by others in a distant county." Zi Tong Zhi Jian uses "Bei" to express passivity. For example, "Yu Jude remembers that Duke Zhou was arrested and Ding Mao looked forward to March.

3. Definition of the function and function of inverted sentences in Chinese: A sentence whose original word order is reversed for pragmatic purposes such as emphasis and prominence is called an inverted sentence. In inverted sentences, the inversion component can be restored to its original position, while the meaning of the sentence remains basically the same, and the syntactic component remains unchanged. The common inversion sentences in modern Chinese are: subject and predicate inversion, attribute, adverbial and head inversion. 1. Verb inversion means that the subject comes first and the predicate comes last. This is a normal and general word order. Sometimes, conversely, the predicate comes first, which is the most common variant sentence. This phenomenon is common in interrogative sentences, imperative sentences and exclamatory sentences. There is usually a pause between the predicate and the subject, which is separated by commas when writing. It constitutes the "subject" case. Like where can I find it? (Question) Don't worry, Mom and Dad! (imperative sentence) finally passed, the rule of the last dynasty in China! (exclamations) They have gone to class. This is often to emphasize the predicate, or to get to the point first and then add the subject. This theme is usually soft to read. 2. Attributive and adverbial are placed after the attributive and adverbial before the head. This is a normal and general word order. Sometimes, it will be placed after the prefix. Postattributives and adverbials are limited to some "de" phrases, adjectives, adverbs and prepositional phrases. It constitutes the "head-attribute/adverbial" case. For example, many foreigners who come to China for tourism come to see the grand occasion of this big wedding. (attributive, "de". There are many flowers on his head. He stepped onto the platform slowly and shyly. She stood there quietly. He was drunk and staggered along. (Adjective postposition, adjective postposition) Probably. Attributive and adverbial after adverbial are often used to highlight it, which can make the sentence rhythm more lively, concise and powerful. Changing long sentences into short sentences can sometimes play a role of emphasis and supplement. Sometimes it is necessary to emphasize the center of the adverbial, and the adverbial will be placed at the back: "He retired, probably".

4. "What do you hate?" This sentence pattern is a prepositional object sentence. True sentences are hated by Fujin, and "zhi" is the symbol of prepositional object. The pronoun preposition object in a negative sentence must meet two conditions: first, the object must be a pronoun; Second, it must be a negative sentence, expressed by negative words such as "no", "no" and "mo". In this case, pronoun objects should be placed before verbs and after negative words. For example, Shuo: "When I was three years old, I was willing to take care of you." I am willing to take care of myself. "What to do" should be understood as "what to do". Preposition Preposition Object In modern Chinese, a preposition is followed by an object to form an object-object structure, which is used to modify the verb predicate. In classical Chinese, the preposition object is often placed before the preposition, forming the phenomenon of inverted sentences. For example, the story of Yueyang Tower: "Guess! Who is Weiss? " "To whom" should be understood as "to whom". In general prepositional objects, people should pay attention to the language sense of prepositional objects. In the classical Chinese of prepositional object, the object of a verb or preposition is usually placed after the verb or preposition, but under certain conditions, the object will also come before it. The conditions are as follows: first, in interrogative sentences, interrogative pronouns are objects and prepositional objects. In such a sentence, the object of a preposition is also a preposition. For example. The key of this kind of sentences is interrogative pronouns as objects (such as who, he, Li, Hu, evil, An, Yan, etc.). It is worth noting that the object of the preposition "one" is more active, even if it is not an interrogative pronoun, it can be prepositioned. For example, "the rest is to remember, so. "Preposition object, this kind of sentence has two points to pay attention to. One is negative sentences (there must be negative words such as "nothing", "nothing", "nothing", "nothing" and "nothing" in general sentences); Second, pronouns are used as objects. For example, the normal word order should be "Don't make promises when people are around" (Chen Shou's Biography of the Three Kingdoms and Zhuge Liang). Third, use "zhi" or "Shi" to bring the object before the verb and emphasize the object. At this time, "zhi" is only the symbol of prepositional object, which has no practical significance. For example, you can also add a range adverb "Wei" before the preposition object to form the format of "Wei is", such as "mercenary" and "obedient". Fourthly, in addition to the first case, there is another case, that is, when locative words and time words are used as objects, prepositional prepositional objects are sometimes prepositioned. For example, "Ye Wen is sitting in the south." ("Historical Records of Xiang Yu") means "Ye Wen sits facing south". "Preposition object Preposition object is quite common, and there are several situations. First, pronouns are used as objects in negative sentences, prepositional object. People in ancient times did not bully others. (Su Shi's Shi Zhongshan Collection). It's cold, the inkstone is hard, and my fingers can't bend. (Fuck) (Sima Qian's The Hongmen Banquet) Where is Pei Hongan? Why did you leave? (Shihe) (Peng Duanshu's Learning) Wes, who are we going home with? (With whom) (Fan Zhongyan's The Story of Yueyang Tower) Why else is the book here? (Why) (Sima Qian's The Hongmen Banquet) Put the object first with "zhi" or "yes". For example, if you don't know the sentence, you will be puzzled. (If you don't know the sentence, you won't be puzzled) (Han Yu's Shi Shuo) mercenary (for profit).

5. Words with reversed word order and changed meanings-speech, annexation-annexation, suffering-suffering, removal-removal, exploration-exploration, opening-release, accumulation-accumulation, awareness-awareness-parting-parting, climbing, substitution-substitution. Peace-peace, effort-effort, simplicity-simplicity, sadness-heartache, sadness-sadness, relaxation-relieving emptiness, silence-silence, long-term, mutual-mutual, and so on.

Idioms such as: famous-famous, black-black, proud-proud, inscrutable-unfathomable, all smiles-all smiles, heroic-personable, let bygones be bygones, bustling-bustling, endless, riddled with holes. Alone-alone, jumpy-jumpy, stunned-stunned, disappeared-criticized-criticized, made in heaven-made in heaven, scattered-scattered, disheartened-left home, crossed the river, transferred troops, called brothers-brothers, transferred troops.