Empirical classical Chinese

1. A famous saying about learning classical Chinese: Black hair doesn't know how to study hard early, but a bald head regrets learning late.

It is easy for young people to learn, but difficult for old people. Every inch of time is an inch of light.

An inch of time and an inch of gold can't buy time.

If young people don't work hard, old people will be sad.

Honesty is the best policy.

Franklin

The river runs to the sea, and when will it return to the west? A lazy youth, a lousy age. (Han Yuefu's "Long Songs")

One hundred studies must be identified first. (Zhu)

The edge of the sword comes from sharpening, and the fragrance of plum blossoms comes from bitter cold.

Put pen to paper shocks the wind and rain, and poetry becomes tears. (Du Fu)

Distinguish the poems in the book that are not well-formed, cut them out, learn the traditional elegance of the Book of Songs, and learn that the wise move forward, and the more teachers there are, this is your real teacher. (Du Fu)

If you have good knowledge, you can get it in a proper way, but if you accumulate it in a proper way, you can get it in a proper way. (Su Shi)

Be knowledgeable, interrogate, think carefully, distinguish clearly and persist. (Book of Rites)

If you don't climb the mountain, you don't know the height of the sky; Don't face the deep stream, I don't know the thickness of the ground. ("Xunzi")

Others:

If you don't fly, you will fly to heaven; If you don't sing, it will be a blockbuster. (Sima Qian)

You don't know what people are unless you know what others don't know. (Confucius)

Nothing ventured, nothing gained? (Han Shu)

No card, no flow, not much. (Han Yu)

I can't recognize the true face of Lushan Mountain because I am there. (Su Shi)

As written in a China poem, we are not afraid of dark clouds covering our sight, because we are already on the top of the mountain. (Wang Anshi)

If you don't follow the rules, you won't be Fiona Fang (Mencius)

Bee, you harvest flowers to make nectar. Who has worked hard and who wants to taste the sweetness? (Luo Yin)

In fact, the granary knows etiquette, food and clothing know honor and disgrace. (pipeline)

2. How to learn ancient Chinese? I mean the whole book, such as China Ancient Literature Review and Historical Records. I mean the whole book, such as China Ancient Literature Review and Historical Records. Is recitation the best way to learn ancient Chinese? When learning, you don't need to translate sentence by sentence in order to understand and answer thoroughly, but you need to translate thoroughly, from which you can realize the habit of using words in ancient China literature and the wonderful vocabulary recitation. Still require thorough internalization and understand it as a white answer. I really don't know how to learn the answer at the moment. Appreciation and interest are the driving forces. Start with simple learning and start with poetry. Slowly understand its meaning. But it has an impact on the learning progress of the whole book, and there are many books, so I have little leisure. I really don't know how many books I can read in my life. Answer, you are fine, not much. I can't digest too much, which means I didn't learn it in the end. Different people have different opinions. Read more and remember more, and strengthen memory by combining meaning. We are modern people and don't need literature and art. Ancient poetry and literature are wonderful. Slowly understand the mystery, which contains many life philosophies. You can improve your literary accomplishment and benefit for life.

3. What is classical Chinese? Classical Chinese is the written language used by our ancestors. There is a relationship of inheritance and development between classical Chinese and modern Chinese. As far as the basic forms of language are concerned, they are the same, but as far as the changes of language are concerned, they are very different. When we study classical Chinese, we should master the difference between ancient and modern Chinese and have the ability to read simple classical Chinese. How to read and learn classical Chinese? First, the word seeks its training, and the sentence seeks its purpose. In other words, when reading classical Chinese, you should understand the meaning of every word and every sentence. This is the reading experience of Zhu, a famous scholar in Song Dynasty. He once said, read carefully, word for word, depending on the landing. If you haven't studied before, you'll never be in a hurry to get behind. For students who have just started to learn classical Chinese, if the first step is not practical, they will read it later. Simply put, 1 is quite different in grammar and meaning. The implementation of every word and sentence is to understand this change and master the differences between them. For example, the meaning of "death" in "compensation after the death of sheep" is commonly used in ancient Chinese, while the meaning of "loss" and "escape" is commonly used in modern Chinese. There will be jokes that "dead sheep" is dead sheep. 2. This word is ambiguous. Because there are few words in classical Chinese, this word is often ambiguous. For example, a degree includes consideration, estimation, size, quantity, redundancy, measurement and system in different contexts. There are many meanings in other sentences, such as "market", "transaction", "sale" and "market". If we don't master this, we may not understand it when reading. For another example, we now call speaking with our mouths "speaking" and writing "Yu" in classical Chinese. We now use a word to represent "rain" in classical Chinese. Qi equals his and Zi equals Zi. "Father" refers to "father" in vernacular Chinese, and "father" (f incarnation) in classical Chinese often refers to the old man (ordinary old man). 3. The usage of quantifiers in classical Chinese is also different from that in modern Chinese. There are no quantifiers in classical Chinese. There are no quantifiers for "a table", "a chair", "a fan" and "a ruler" in ventriloquism. 4. Also, because there are few ancient words, sometimes the ancients will use a homophone or similar word to replace the words they want to use when writing articles. This substitute word is called a universal word, for example, in the Charcoal Man. It replaces the "value" of value. 5. There are also many flexible use of parts of speech in classical Chinese. Nouns are used as verbs, verbs are used as nouns, adjectives are used as nouns or verbs ... When the part of speech changes, the meaning of words also changes. These seemingly complicated, in fact, as long as the words are well practiced and the sentences are well targeted, it is not difficult to master. Accumulate the language and master the characters, words and sentence patterns of classical Chinese. Classical Chinese is rarely used in life, and there is no good way to learn it well if you are not familiar with reading and reciting. If you read more and recite more, you will have a sense of language, so you can understand the content of the article quickly and read sentences fluently, and a sense of language can only be effective if you read aloud and recite. Therefore, China's ancient reading emphasized recitation and recitation. Bai Juyi, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, was sour when he was studying as a child. At the age of ten, Cao Zhi recited hundreds of words of poems and told us that to learn classical Chinese well, reading and reciting must be the basic methods. When reading and reciting, we should also pay attention to the fact that there were no punctuation marks when the ancients wrote articles. The ancient prose we see now is generally edited by later generations, so what did the ancients use to express broken sentences? This is often expressed by function words such as "zhi", "Hu", "zhe" and "ye" when we study ancient Chinese. In Shi Shuo, Han Yu said "I don't know how to read sentences", in which "reading sentences" is a broken sentence, and these function words are different. ), Gai and Fu are at the beginning of the sentence, Yu, but generally in the middle. ), hey, draw a circle (. Behind your ear, the speaker will also pause, or the sentence (. ) or tease (,) as the case may be. If you don't understand the function of these function words, you may make mistakes when reading aloud, which will not only affect your understanding of the text content, but also affect your familiar reading and memory of the text. Summarize the rules and pay attention to the methods. We must start from learning ancient Chinese and cultivate Ganjia School. However, it is a good way to thoroughly understand the prescription. Knowledge is systematic and regular. In the process of learning, we should pay attention to find out the internal relations between them, sum up the regular things, and remember what we have learned in a scientific way. For example, the translation of classical Chinese should be fluent, but in translation, some can be translated literally and some can be translated freely. Literal translation is word-for-word translation. Free translation means breaking the original word order and translating only according to the meaning. Generally speaking, narratives and argumentative essays are often translated literally, while lyric articles are often translated freely. When translating, those proper nouns, such as place names, personal names, emperor names, year numbers, official names, etc. There is no translation. As long as you master these regular knowledge, any classical Chinese can be used. Therefore, they can be used for learning.