Please explain two unsolved cases in the early Song Dynasty; The alliance of axe, light, candle and golden house.

The Great Confusion Caused by "Fools are Benevolent" ―― The Death Mystery of Song Taizu's "Axe Light and Candle Shadow"

After Song Taizu pacified the Southern Tang Dynasty, he sent Qian Chu, King of Wu Yue, back to China. In a good mood, he took a trip to Luoyang and returned to Bianjing to plan the military deployment to attack the Northern Han Dynasty. At that time, Zhao Kuangyin was only 50 years old, in the prime of life, eating well and in a good mood. He has a healthy background and has never been unwell before. However, in the ninth year of Kaibao (AD 976), in the winter of October (the lunar calendar), "the emperor was unprepared", which seemed to be dying at once. "Renzi, Wang Jien, the waiter of life, established a concept of Huang Zhuan. In the evening, the emperor asked King Jin (Zhao Guangyi) to join him, but he retired at midnight. Ugly, the emperor collapsed in the Hall of Long Live. "

There are only a few descriptions and explanations about Song Taizu's death in history books. The mystery of the so-called "axe light and candle shadow" is contained in the book "Records of Shan Ye, Hunan Province (Continued)" written by Wen Ying, a writer of the same age as Su Shi. It is recorded as follows: "... suddenly, the weather changed suddenly, and the snow and hail plummeted, and (Taizu) moved his staff to the cabinet. Pass the key to the palace door and call King Jin (Zhao Guangyi) ... to the big bed and have a drink. Both eunuchs and concubines noticed the screen, but when they saw the candle shadow from a distance, Emperor Taizong (Zhao Guangyi) sometimes walked out and was invincible. It is forbidden to leak three drums after drinking, and there is several inches of snow in the temple. Emperor Taizong poked at the snow with an axe. Gu Taizong () said,' Easy to handle, easy to handle', so he took off his belt and went to bed, breathing like thunder. In the evening, Emperor Taizong stayed in the forbidden area and played five drums. The eunuch (eunuch) was silent and the emperor had collapsed. Taizong came to the throne. " Although the record is vivid, it is too similar to the novelist's words, especially the word "axe", which always reminds ordinary people of the big axe used to kill people. The undertaker will always think that Zhao Guangyi hacked his brother to death with this "weapon" or something. At that time, the "column axe" written by Wenying was "jade column axe", which was a kind of stationery that was played in the palm of your hand. It looks like a wishful handle, and the monarch usually uses it to show off the painting. It is certainly neither sharp nor heavy, and killing people is absolutely impossible. Song yufu, a famous couplet written by Sun Zu of Daguanlou, Kunming, is quoted from the History of Song Dynasty: "Pacify Shu in order to come up." The discussant wanted to cross the border because of military power. The artistic ancestor (Zhao Kuangyin) drew a picture with Yufu and said, "Other than that, I have nothing". "-so, the axe kills people just because of a word mistake. Moreover, before going to bed, Song Taizu was still alive and kicking. After sleeping, he snored like thunder, and it was "past" in the early morning, which was unreasonable. " Emperor Taizong was sent to "play the throne before the coffin", which was also a big drama. Is Song Taizu asleep? Did he know in his dream that he would die? There are many monks, and a small note has aroused the speculation of future generations. However, this can't be said to be made up by Brother Shan Ye himself. Perhaps his uncle and master were giving lectures to the emperor in the palace at that time, and it was not completely unbelievable that some "secret stories" came out.

Scholar Sima Guang also described Song Taizong's behavior after the "collapse" in Song Taizu in his Biography of Sushui, but he didn't spend the night in the palace as recorded by monk Wenying (even the prince couldn't spend the night in the palace), but said that he didn't know that night at all. According to the notes of the Song Dynasty, unofficial history and the Official History, the book Zi Zhi Tong Jian outlines such a scene:

At four o'clock in the evening, the queen sent for Defeng (son of Mao), the national defense envoy of Guizhou. (Wang) inherited the ambition of Zhao Guangyi, who was grateful to his motherland, and was unwilling to be virtuous. He went to Kaifeng to be called Wang Jin. I saw Zuo Ya, Ying Ze and Cheng sitting at the door of the mansion, knocking at the door and calling Wang (Jin). King (Kim) was frightened and hesitated, saying, "I want to discuss it with my family." It's been a long time. After kind encouragement, he said, "If it takes a long time, it will be for others." When it was snowing heavily, Wang Xue and I walked to the palace. (Jin) After Enzhi (Jin), Wang Yu was there, saying, "Aunt Wang is waiting for this. After Enzhi, you should speak first." (Cheng) Yuan De said: "You should go straight ahead, why wait!" So he went to the bedroom with Jin Wang. When the emperor heard of Ji En's arrival, he asked, "Is Fang De evil?" Jean said, "The King of Jin has arrived." Later, when I saw the king of Jin, I was shocked and called me to the official family (as the emperor called it in the court) and said, "My mother and son's lives depend on the official family." Wang Qi said, "* * * Keep your wealth, don't worry!"

According to this, Zhao Guangyi seems to know nothing about Song Taizu's death. He was forced to be emperor in an emergency. This kind of record, Zhao Guangyi and historians underestimated the imagination, intelligence and judgment of future generations.

In fact, before the "collapse" of Zhao Kuangyin, there was no Crown Prince. One of the reasons is that he was in his prime and never thought about what would happen after "Long live the Millennium". Secondly, Mao's mother, Du Taihou, said a word before she died, telling her sons and brothers not to make the same mistake after her death.

In June, during the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, Empress Dowager Du collapsed in Zide Hall. Mrs. Du is really wise. Every time he participated in major affairs with the emperor, he still called Zhao Pu as a secretary and said, "Secretary Zhao tried his best, but my son didn't do anything more." You love (Zhao) Guangyi, and every time you go out, you say, "I'll go with Secretary Zhao." Sick leather, called (Zhao) into the legacy. Later, I asked the emperor (Mao), "Do you know why you won the world?" The emperor's sobs can't be right. (Thai) Later, he said, "We said you were doing great things, but you complained?" Ask the same questions as before. The emperor said, "This is all due to Zukao and Empress Dowager Jade Qing." Later he said, "Otherwise. It is Chai (Hou) who makes children dominate the world, and the heart of the group is not attached to it. You and Guangyi were born to me and should be your brothers. It is a blessing to be able to establish a long monarch. " The emperor paused and cried, "Dare not be as good as the Queen Mother!" Because (Zhao) Pu said: "My words must be remembered together and cannot be violated." (Zhao) Pu wrote an oath in front of the couch. At the end of the article, he said, "I remember you." The hidden golden palace is in the hands of the imperial palace.

This kind of record is actually a "story" fabricated by Song Taizong and Zhao Pu after they proclaimed themselves emperor. Zhao Pu, who is always remembered by later generations as "Song Taizu visited Zhao Pu on a snowy night", seems to be a figure in Kevin·Z in the Tang Dynasty. In fact, Zhao Pu is a villain with high talent and low character. He once held the power of state affairs in the hands of Mao, and was at odds with Zhao Guangyi. He secretly wrote to Mao, asking him to be "alert" to Zhao Guangyi. As a result, it was reported by his political enemy Lu Duoxun. In order to "clarify" the bad influence, Zhao Pu and Song Taizu played a double reed, and Zhao Pu wrote a letter "self-report" publicly, which was made public by Mao, and the book was "hidden in the golden chamber" for Mao to see. After the collapse of Song Taizu, Zhao Pu was in danger and was deprived of real power by Song Taizong. In order to cater to the new emperor, Zhao Pu paid a visit, and the two compiled A Brief Introduction to the Golden Chamber, and Du Taihou entrusted Mao Chuanwei on his deathbed. Moreover, there is a key sentence, that is, the Queen Mother Du said that "you and Guangyi were born by me", not to mention that Zhao Tingmei, the king of Qi, was also born in Du Taihou, that is, "brothers and brothers" stopped when they arrived in Zhao Guangyi, and Zhao Tingmei was not qualified (. In fact, when Song Taizu died, his son Zhao Dezhao was an adult, not the "youngest son", and he was over the age of inheriting the throne. Once a lie is made up, it will continue to be rounded up. In order to help Emperor Taizong solve the problem of "carrying on the family line", Zhao Pu framed Lu Duoxun, an old rival, for "secretly associating" with Zhao Tingmei, the younger brother of Emperor Taizong. As a result, both of them were banished to far away places, and Zhao Tingmei was also reduced to Duke, who soon died of anxiety at the age of 38.

In order to highlight Song Taizong's "benevolence", history books also say that he originally intended to pass the throne to Zhao Tingmei. It was Zhao Pu who reminded him: "Mao has made a mistake, and your majesty can't make any more mistakes!" In a word, Zhao Pu's ugly face is also exposed. Now that we know that "father and son live in the world", why did Zhao Pu, a great loyal minister, not fight to the death when Mao was alive, but "advice" was so late for so many years? What a sinister villain! Song Taizong persecuted his brother so much that his eldest son Zhao Yuanzuo felt too much. He pretended to be crazy and sold stupidity, set fire to the palace, and pretended to be crazy and sold stupidity to show that he could not bear the status of "Chu Jun". In the future, Song Taizong named his son Zhao Yuankan (later renamed Zhao Heng) as the Crown Prince. Seeing that the people in Beijing were in high spirits, he also said angrily, "The heart of the four seas belongs to the Prince. Where do you want to put me! " So narrow-minded, it can be seen that Song Taizong and Zhao Guangyi are by no means good.

Looking at the official history alone, Song Taizu's death can also make people suspicious:

First, Mao had drunk before his downfall, so he was in good health and died that night.

Secondly, Queen Song of Zhao Kuangyin sent eunuchs to meet Zhao, the son of Zhao Kuangyin, indicating that there was no "testamentary edict" to choose to inherit the throne at that time, and no eunuch with a second child came forward to meet him. It was a joke!

Third, Zhao Guangyi hesitated for a pretence, and then "resolutely" entered the palace. Queen Song was shocked to see this brother-in-law. He immediately comforted each other "* * * to protect money". Obviously, she had a plan and made a good draft.

Most likely, Zhao Guangyi bribed eunuch Wang Jien and others to poison his younger brother while drinking with Song Taizu. This method is also in line with Zhao Guangyi's consistent behavior in the future. Li Yu, Qian Chu, Herry Liu and others fell dead to the king, which is exactly the same. By extension, Song Taizong is really a big "pharmacist" in the world.

In fact, Song Taizu was extremely kind to his brother Song Taizong:

The Emperor (Song Taizu) lived in the place where King Jin (Zhao Guangyi) lived. The terrain was so high that water could not reach him. In June, Gengzi (Taizu) stepped from the left door to the first, sending his work as a big wheel, stimulating Jinshui to pay attention to the first, hoping to promote his service. (Jin) Wang Xingren filial piety, fifteen years, common affairs. Emperor (Mao) was fortunate in his mansion, and the ceremony was very thick. I feel sick. I don't know anyone. The emperor asked urgently, and he burned Ai. (Jin) The king felt pain, and the emperor also took moxa from moxibustion, and from Chen Zhi to seclusion, he sweated and rested, but the emperor still. At the banquet palace, the king was drunk, so he couldn't ride a horse. The emperor got up and sent him to the temple steps to kiss. (Jin) Under the king's account, Gao Qiong of Shimengcheng held a stirrup in his left hand, and the emperor took care of it. Because he gave Joan and other crane officials clothes and silk, he encouraged them to do their best.

Of course, Mitchell also described Song Taizu looking at his younger brother's back and sighing his recent minister in "Gilded Lily": "The King of Jin will be the Taiping Emperor, and the good fortune is beyond reach."

Such a kind and upright brother, Zhao Guangyi really had to kill him and poison him alive. Later, he taunted my nephew Zhao Dezhao as an excuse. When the young man returned to the office, he thought about it and felt depressed. He committed suicide at the age of 29. Two years later, another son of Mao, Zhao, died inexplicably at the age of 23. In the storyteller's story, Zhao, the "Eight Immortals King" who can catch anyone with a golden hoop, is a complete artist. There is no historical basis at all. Mao Zhao Kuangyin was unlucky to stand on such a cruel younger brother.

However, Song Taizu's historical achievements are purposeful, and Chen Shiyou sighed:

The Five Seasons (Five Dynasties) were extremely chaotic, and Song Taizu took the lead in the Ninth Five-Year Plan. Originally, winning the country depended on (later) gold, (later) Korea and (later) Zhou. And its order, the famous princes and generals, obeyed everything, and the four countries stepped down for the second time, which is not easy for human resources to achieve. From the year of Stegosaurus (Taizu), (Taizu) released the military power of the buffer region and attached great importance to the law to stop the chaos. County animal husbandry, down to the order, curtain post, bow and collar right. Develop learning through agriculture, be cautious about punishment and thin collection, share interest with the world, and stop at piping. Success will come true, the system of rites and music. (Mao) After ten to seven years in office, the inheritance of more than 300 years has been passed on to future generations, and there are rules in the world. Therefore, after three generations, textual research said that the rule of cultural relics, the wind of benevolence, the song of Han and Tang dynasties, no concessions. Alas, the king of entrepreneurship, in terms of scale, can be said to be in the foreseeable future!

Historically, the Song Dynasty has always been called "the weak Song Dynasty". It often used "old coins" to buy peace and was surrounded by strong enemies. Moreover, when it comes to the experiences of Di Qing in the Northern Song Dynasty and Yuefei in the Southern Song Dynasty, everyone is heartbroken. As we all know, if we can recall the domineering harm of five generations of soldiers in troubled times, Song Taizu's methods are somewhat overcorrected, but they are also wise and far-sighted. By the end of the Song Dynasty, there were almost no arrogant soldiers and numerous buffer regions. Moreover, since Zhu Wen, an insidious old thief, destroyed the clean stream in the late Tang Dynasty, Jin and Han fought in the Central Plains in the later Tang Dynasty, and the ruins of thousands of miles of hills were ravaged by Qidan fighters, and the Chinese civilization in the Central Plains nearly collapsed. In the early Song Dynasty, Song Taizu's men, even with Zhao Pu, were just a bunch of officials. If his literary talent is romantic and his morality is gorgeous, then he is not in the team at all. After Shu and Pingnan Tang Dynasties were destroyed by Song Taizu, scholars and gifted scholars from all over the country unified the Central Plains, and scholars and scholars came in droves, which triggered another peak of Chinese civilization.

Although the strength of the Song Dynasty was weak, civilization was another milestone of our Chinese nation after the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Morally, Song Taizu treated kings, reduced loans, banned prostitution, increased salaries, Confucianism, and so on. Song Taizu was praised by scholar Wang Fu as the first China emperor after Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, and he did not break his word.

Jindian alliance

Carrying on the family line was the "golden alliance" of the Zhao Dynasty, but it also caused the eternal mystery and became a greatly exaggerated legend in unofficial history.

Song Taizu and Zhao Kuangyin were in power for seventeen years, and most of the separatist regimes were eliminated by war, which basically ended the separatist regime in the Five Dynasties and laid the foundation for the partial reunification of Beiding, which led to the partial reunification of the Northern Song Dynasty 100 years. On October 20th, a.d. 10/kloc-0, Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin died suddenly in the night at the age of 50. At that time, his sons Zhao Dezhao and Zhao were adults, and the position of the emperor was not inherited by his son. His younger brother, Zhao Guangyi (Zhao Kuangyi), King of Jin, ascended the throne of Emperor Taizong the next day. Why did Zhao Kuangyin pass the throne to his younger brother after his death, instead of his adult son? Because there is a secret of "Golden Chamber Alliance".

As early as 96 1 year (two years), that is, the second year of the throne, Du Taihou was seriously ill and was about to die. Before he died, he called Zhao Kuangyin and Zhao Pu to the palace and made a will. At that time, Du said to Mao, "Do you know how the world came from?" Zhao Kuangyin replied: "This is all due to our ancestors and the Queen Mother." Du Shi said: "No .. This is because Chai lets children rule the world. If after the death of Chai Rong in post-Zhou Shizong, let a prestigious and elderly descendant be the monarch, how can we get the position of emperor? So, after a hundred years, you should pass your position to Guangyi, Guangyi to Guang Mei, and Guang Mei to your son Dezhao. It is a blessing to have an elderly monarch in the country. " In order to appease his mother's heart, Zhao Kuangyin immediately said that he would obey her teachings. On the spot, Du Taihou asked Zhao Pu to write these words in front of the couch as an oath, and a cautious and reliable imperial secretary was responsible for the treasure.

Fifteen years later, Zhao Kuangyin died and passed it on to Zhao Guangyi, but not to his son de Zhao He Fonder. To the insider, this is to follow the will of Du Taihou. But at that time, almost all people in the ruling and opposition parties did not know about the "Golden Chamber Alliance", so they thought it was a strange thing, so they had different views. At that time, the most popular saying in unofficial history was the story of "the sound of an axe and the shadow of a candle".

It is said that Song Taizu listened to a charlatan and knew that his luck had arrived, so he called Zhao Guangyi Taizong to the palace to drink and arranged a funeral. At that time, eunuchs and maids were not allowed to be present, and they could only watch from a distance in the shadow of candles. Zhao Guangyi sometimes leaves his seat and refuses. Later, he saw Mao get up, picked up an axe and chopped the snow on the ground, and loudly said to Guangyi, "Easy, easy." Finally, Mao took off his clothes and went to bed, and stayed in the palace that night. In the early morning, Mao passed away. Other legends are even more bizarre, and the real situation and details are difficult to verify. We can only use the "Golden Chamber Alliance" to make a more reasonable explanation. However, due to unofficial history's rendering, "the sound of an axe and the shadow of a candle" has become an eternal mystery.

In the Northern Song Dynasty, Emperor Zhao was also considered to be a relatively successful emperor. As early as the second week, he started his military career with his father and brother. He took part in the mutiny in Chen Qiao, and later served as an important Kaifeng Prefecture Yin, ranking above the prime minister. When he went to Song Taizu, he stayed in Tokyo, sat in the capital and guarded state affairs. Before Mao died, he had mastered a large part of the power in the Song Dynasty. Therefore, after he ascended the throne, he successfully consolidated his rule without any twists and turns, and continued the unfinished business such as Song Taizu's unification war, successively pacified the last three separatist regimes in the Five Dynasties, namely wuyue, Zhang Quan, Erzhou, Fourteen Counties and Northern Han, laid the territory and the scale of local unification in the Northern Song Dynasty, and adopted a series of progressive measures to promote the rapid development and further prosperity of Chinese culture in the Song Dynasty.

Song Taizu Zhao Guangyi reigned for twenty-one years and died in 997. He failed to keep the oath of "Golden Chamber Alliance" and passed the throne to his younger brother Zhao. Instead, he punished Zhao, and Zhao Dezhao's son was forced to commit suicide. Song Taizong passed the throne to his third son, Zhao Heng, for Song Zhenzong. Because Song Taizong didn't keep his oath. Thus, a legend appeared in unofficial history in the History of Song Dynasty: "Song Taizu was reincarnated as a model, which destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty and killed many descendants of Taizong."