First, Mongolian soldiers who broke through Eurasia

After the establishment of Great Mongolia, it immediately began to invade the west from the south and spent more than 20 years in endless battles (1206- 1227). After his death, through the unremitting expansion of two great Khan Mongols, he finally established a huge empire across Eurasia, which influenced the development and changes of the whole world. & gt& gt 1. Genghis Khan, who took revenge >> Historically, the Jin people's policy towards grassland nationalities was bloody in order to maintain the stability of their northern frontier. On the one hand, they use the contradictions between ethnic tribes in the grassland to provoke wars and limit their development; On the other hand, we often send troops to the grasslands to slaughter nomadic people and control their population growth, which is called "reducing people". & gt& gt Because the Mongolian leader Abahai Khan was killed, the Jin people forged a feud with the Mongols. After Genghis Khan established Great Mongolia, he cut gold five times in his life in the name of revenging his ancestors. & gt>121year, Genghis Khan's soldiers cut gold in two ways. Command yourself all the way, take Zhe Bie as the pioneer and take the northwest route; The other route led the troops by his three sons, Shu Chi, Chahetai and Wokuotai, and took Wang Jiabu as the guide to enter the southwest Shanxi Road. In September, the Mongolian army striker broke into Juyongguan and began to attack Jinzhongdu. 8 jin j to defend the city, but because of the lack of siege experience of Mongolian army at that time, it was impossible to conquer, so we had to retreat. According to the "Golden History", a large area of land in the Jin Dynasty fell into the hands of Mongols this year. & gt& gt 12 12, the Mongols cut gold for the second time. It didn't go well this time. When Genghis Khan attacked Xijing (now Datong, Shanxi), he was injured by an arrow in the middle stream and had to retreat. On the contrary, Zhe Bie, known as one of the "Four Mastiffs", broke into the Golden Man Tokyo (now Liaoyang, Liaoning). After hearing the news of Genghis Khan's injury, he plundered and returned to Mongolia. 12 13 autumn, 12 14 spring, Genghis Khan led the army to cut gold for the third and fourth time. In June of 12 14, when he sent his troops for the fifth time, Jin Jun, a general in the south of China and capital, defected to the Jin people. He killed the commander and surrendered to Genghis Khan. Genghis Khan immediately sent troops to attack Jin Zhongdu with Aya and others. After learning the news, Prince Jin, who was weak, fled to Nanjing. 10, Mongolian general Muqali received General Jin from Gaozhou and Jinzhou in Liaodong. In the spring of 12 15, the Mongols successively won the generals of the Jin Dynasty in various counties near Jinzhong and defeated the Jin Army who came to rescue Zhongdu. Jin Zhongdu has completely become an isolated city. In May of this year, Premier Yan Jinghong Fu saw that the tide was gone and committed suicide by taking poison. The generals of 8 Jin Army abandoned the city and fled. After that, Genghis Khan turned his eyes to the west. 12 17, Genghis Khan handed over the battle of destroying gold to General Muhuali. Unfortunately, in March of 1223, Muqali died after crossing the Yellow River. At that time, Genghis Khan was on his way to the Western Expedition, and the Jin Dynasty lingered 10 years. & gt& gt Genghis Khan started the right war before he fought the Jin people. Genghis Khan invaded Xixia for the first time before the founding of the People's Republic of China 1205. At that time, the Mongolian army entered Xixia in pursuit of Prince Qu Chulu of Naiman. Although there was no major military breakthrough, they plundered a large number of people and livestock and returned to Mongolia. Later, in the autumn of12007, the Mongolian army once again sent troops to plunder the Xixia border area in the name of Xixia refusing tribute. Genghis Khan attacked Xixia twice, not simply to expand the territory, but to explore the power of Xixia. Genghis Khan's deliberate surrender to Xixia has a far-reaching strategic purpose-he doesn't want his flank to be threatened by Xixia people when fighting against the feuding Jin people, or even fall into a passive situation of fighting on two fronts. Therefore, Genghis Khan decided to go deep into Xixia. 1209 spring, launched the third attack on Xixia. The army marched in and besieged Zhongxing House, the capital of Xiadu. At a critical moment, Xia Xiangzong turned to the State of Jin for help. Unexpectedly, the short-sighted King Jin thought that "it is a blessing for our country that enemy countries attack each other" and even refused to send troops. It can be seen that Shao Weiguo is indeed a mediocre monarch, and his short-sighted decision-making will have a great impact on later history. & gt& gt Genghis Khan, who has no worries, now ordered to build a dike to divert the Yellow River to flood Zhongxing House. Because the Mongols who were used to grazing at that time were not good at building cities, they made a joke. The Mongols flooded Zhongxing Mansion. After more than two months, the walls of Zhongxing Mansion were soaked and could collapse at any time. At this critical moment, the outer dike built by the Mongols burst first, and the flood flooded the trapped Mongols. Genghis Khan had no problem in strategy, but he had to stop attacking when there were problems in technology, which caused the enemy to lose strength. He didn't want to retreat like this. Genghis Khan knows very well that the Xixia people in Zhongxing House are also panicked at this moment. After analysis, he made the right decision and turned to diplomatic strategy. Genghis Khan forced Xia Xiangzong to sign a peace treaty on the condition of accepting women as subjects and paying tribute. The next year, he led his troops home in triumph. & gt& gt Genghis Khan successfully achieved his strategic goal by sending troops to Xixia this time. He not only obtained a lot of materials from Xixia, but also deterred the formation of Xia Jin's anti-Mongolian alliance. Later, the Xixia rulers hated the state of Jin, and often went deep into the territory of Jin when attacking Mongolia, attacking the city and plundering the land, killing people. Xu Jin also fought back from time to time, resulting in both losses. Ten years later, it was destroyed by the Mongols. & gt& gt2. & gt Many disasters in history are often caused by a person's stupid behavior. When Genghis Khan unified the whole Mongolian grassland and aimed his whip at the Jin people and Xixia, his eyes did not turn to distant Central Asia, but at most he wanted Mongolia to set foot on the land of the Western Liao country, because Prince Qu Chulv of Naiman fled there and usurped the power of the Western Liao king. But one thing happened that changed all this. & gt& gt 12 15, when the news that Genghis Khan captured Jindu reached Central Asia, it attracted the attention of Mahamo, a model of Hualazi. As a conqueror like Genghis Khan, Mahathir wondered whether the rulers on the Mongolian grassland would pose a threat to him. In order to prove that Jin Zhongdu was really conquered by Mongols, and to find out the truth of Mongolia, Maha sent missions and caravans to the East. Trade is an important way for Mongolia, which is dominated by nomadic economy, to obtain handicraft products. Therefore, Genghis Khan heard about this caravan from a distant country, was very happy, gave a warm reception, and promulgated Zasa to protect foreign businessmen. After the caravan left, in order to establish trade relations with western countries and obtain the necessary daily necessities of the Mongolian empire, Genghis Khan sent a mission back to China to Lamozi, and at the same time sent a caravan composed of 450 Muslims to trade. Since the flower thorn submodule is a country that believes in Islam, such an arrangement should satisfy both sides. & gt& gt But when the Mongolian caravan arrived in the border city of Ortera, something unexpected happened. The local governor stationed here found it hard to find his greed when he saw a lot of gold, silver and jewels brought by Mongols. He was blinded by profit and wisdom, framed the businessman as a spy, and with Maha's acquiescence, ordered the execution of all Mongolian businessmen, and the goods naturally fell into pockets that were difficult to take out. A camel driver in the Mongolian caravan escaped by luck. He ran back to tell Genghis Khan what had happened. & gt& gt Genghis Khan was enraged. He risked his life for most of his life, a crime almost unheard of. Genghis Khan, with a politician's mind, made two preparations at this time. On the one hand, he sent Zhe Bie to attack Western Liao and killed Qu Chulv, clearing the way for the possible western expedition in the future; At the same time, he sent a mission to ask Mahathir. When the messenger saw Maha, he said, "If your king himself never ordered the killing of our messenger and the robbery of our caravan, please hand over the commander of Hottelart's garrison to our country for disposal, otherwise, prepare to fight." The messenger spoke arrogantly and expressed Genghis Khan's meaning. After all, Genghis Khan has never been to the West. He doesn't know the situation there. War is not a child's play, and he is not willing to send troops easily without the assurance of victory, but if the other side does not take life and dignity seriously, then he will. It turns out that Mahamo is an arrogant person. Ignoring Genghis Khan's warning, he killed the Mongolian ambassador, shaved off the beards of two deputy ambassadors and deported them.