An ancient poem, describing the people you helped before, laughed at you in turn.

Dynasty: Han dynasty

Author: anonymous

The bright moon shines that night, promoting the singing of the East Wall.

Yuheng refers to Meng Dong, and the stars are vivid.

Thousands of years of exposure to weeds, the season suddenly changes.

In the woods of Qiu Chan, the mysterious bird died peacefully.

Yesterday, I was a friend of the same family, holding high and shaking six purlins.

If you don't want to join hands, you will abandon me like a relic.

There is a fight between the north and the south, and the morning glory does not bear the yoke.

What's the use of not having a solid name?

translate

The bright moonlight is full of late autumn nights, and crickets on the east wall are humming.

At this time, Yuheng, Kaiyang and Yaoguang Samsung in the night sky indicate that the season has entered the early winter, and the twinkling stars make the night sky shine!

The leaves of grass in late autumn are covered with crystal dew, and late autumn has arrived unconsciously.

I heard the intermittent cicada singing coming from the shadow of the branches and leaves of my mother-in-law tree. Where have all those mysterious birds gone? It turned out to be the season when autumn geese returned to the south.

Some of my good friends who walk hand in hand with me have already started their careers first.

However, they don't care about the affection of the same family, treat me as a walking step and despise me!

The stars in the night sky called "Jixing", "Douxing" and "Petunia" can't be lifted, weighed or pulled. Why did they take such a name? It's a false name!

When I think that my friends said that the friendship of the same family was "rock solid", but now it is gone, what's the use of that pseudonym?

To annotate ...

(1) Promote weaving: cricket.

⑵ Yuheng: refers to the fifth to seventh stars of the Big Dipper. The Big Dipper is shaped like a bucket for drinking: the first to fourth stars are spoon-shaped and called Doukui; The fifth star and the seventh star are in a straight line, called bucket handle. As the earth revolves around the sun, from the ground, Douxing changes its position every month. The ancients distinguished the process of festivals according to the change of the direction pointed by the stars. Meng Dong: The first month of winter. This sentence refers to the direction pointed out by Yu Heng, knowing that the festival has arrived in Meng Dong (July in the summer calendar).

(3) Vivid: the appearance is clear. Once said, figuratively speaking, rank and appearance.

(4) easy: transformation.

5. Xuanbird: Swallow. Anshi: Where are you going? Swallows are migratory birds. They come to the north in spring and fly to the south in autumn. The weather is getting colder. Where does the swallow fly?

[6] Classmate: Classmate, classmate.

⑺ ⑺: the feather stem of a bird. It is said that a bird that flies well has six stout stems. This sentence is a metaphor for the apprentice of the same friend by using birds to spread their wings and fly high.

The phrase "abandon me" means that you abandoned me, just like a pedestrian abandoned his footprints.

Nanji: The name of the star is shaped like a dustpan. Beidou: Star name, shaped like a bucket (drinking fountain).

⑽ Petunia: Petunia. Yoke: the crossbar in front of the axle, while the ox pulls the cart and bears the yoke. "No load yoke" means no cart pulling. These two sentences use the names of Nanji, Beidou, Petunia and other stars to compare the names of friends.

⑾ Panshi: same as "rock", extra-large stone.

Distinguish and appreciate

At the beginning of this article, "The bright moon shines at night, promoting the east wall", and readers can feel that the poet is immersed in a piece of moonlight at the moment. This is the bright moonlight and the crooning of crickets, interwoven into a very clear night melody. Looking at the night sky again, the Beidou turns sideways, and the bucket handle (gourd ladle) composed of Yuheng (the five-star Beidou), Kaiyang and Yaoguang is pointing to Meng Dong in the twelve directions of astronomical phenomena. The twinkling stars are more like pearls embedded in the sky, which makes the night sky shine. Everything seems beautiful, including the poet walking in the moonlight. But when is this moment? "Yuheng refers to Meng Dong". According to Mr. Jin Kemu's explanation, "Meng Dong" here does not refer to the festival in early winter (because there is also "Qiu Chan" below), but refers to some time after mid-autumn. It's not normal for the poet to wander under the moon in such a crisp autumn night. No one will stay awake for a long time at such a moment, if it is not the lingering sadness in his chest, it is disturbing. Understand this layer, people will know that the poet's mood at the moment is not "beautiful", but a bit bleak. From this, we can appreciate the above four sentences, and the realm has changed-not only is the bright moonlight a little cold, but even the cricket sound from the "East Wall" sounds particularly sad. From the beautiful night scene, expressing the unique sadness of the guests, "beauty" will become "desolate", which is the contrast effect of art.

The poet was silent, just wandering in the moonlight. When he set foot on the grass path, he suddenly found something: "A thousand years of exposure to weeds. The hazy grass leaves are covered with crystal dew, which is a sign of deep autumn-the poet seems to be flat until now, and late autumn has arrived unconsciously. How time flies! And from the shadow of her mother-in-law with branches and leaves, there are sometimes intermittent chilling voices. No wonder all the swallows (blackbirds) in the past have disappeared. It turned out to be the season when autumn geese returned to the south. " In the woods of Qiu Chan, this mysterious bird died comfortably? "It means: Where are these swallows going? This is the poet's sigh of disappointment under the moon. This sigh seems to be only a "dark bird", but it is actually the poet's disappointed self-questioning. As can be seen from the following, the poet's visit to Beijing, the official capital, experienced several ups and downs. Now that the grass is blooming and cicadas are singing, another autumn has passed. What they arouse in the poet's heart should be the melancholy and sadness among the displaced people. The above eight sentences begin with the description of autumn scenery, expressing the poet's sadness under the moon. Adapting to the silence of autumn night and the poet's frustration and frustration, the brush strokes are light and the colors are white; There are no loud voices, only crickets and occasional sighs of poets in Qiu Chan's symphonies. When the poet touches his own pain, his feelings will not get angry. The reason why the poet is so anxious and sleepless in the middle of the night is because he had hopes and expectations, and now these hopes and expectations are shattered. " I used to be a friend of the same school, and I was in high spirits. "In the poet's wasted years as an official in Beijing, his classmates and friends who traveled with him made their fortune first. At first, like a ray of bright sunshine, the poet's road ahead was illuminated with colors. He believes that "classmates" friends will hang down from Qingyun to help themselves; One day, he will be able to compete with his friends in Qi Fei and invite them to visit the blue sky. But the fact is far beyond the poet's expectation. I used to be friends at the same school, but now I have become strangers. When he was on the rise, he regarded himself as a step when he walked, leaving him behind and dismissing him. "If you don't think about joining hands, you will abandon me like a relic", which is a wonderful metaphor used inadvertently. It not only vividly depicts the despicable state of fellow friends who "change their faces as soon as they are wide", but also reveals the poet's surprise, indignation and injustice at the ignorance of the world. The theme of the whole poem has only been revealed so far. The poet wandering in the moonlight turned out to be such a down-and-out person, cheated and abandoned by his fellow villagers. Behind him, the moonlight printed a quiet figure; Above the head, it is still a "fresh" star, shining like a pearl. When the poet looked up at the starry sky with abandoned anger, he only caught a glimpse of the constellations named "Jixing", "Douxing" and "Petunia". As "Xiaoya Dadong" said: "Weinan has a dustpan and cannot be thrown; There is a bucket in Weibei, you can't scoop wine, you can't "lead Anhui cattle, don't take boxes (cars)". They can't lift, they can't think about, they can't pull a cart, but they want to take such a name. This is a great laugh. The poet suddenly gave birth to a nameless grievance, pointing to these imaginary constellations and loudly blaming: "There is a dispute between the North and the South, and Petunia is innocent!" It seems strange to suddenly blame the stars in the boundless sky, but it is not strange at all. There is too much anguish in the poet's heart, and there is nowhere to vent it. If these stars are not named, no one will ask. However, the star didn't speak, but blinked slyly, as if mocking: "What about yourself? Don't you also bear the false name of' friends at the same school' and finally be abandoned by friends at the same school? " -"Good without a solid stone, what good is a false name!" Think about how friends swear that the friendship of the same family is "rock solid"; Nowadays, the name of "the same door" still exists, and the friendship of "the rock" is not there. The poet finally heaved a sigh and ended the whole poem with indignation. This kind of sigh and emotion contains the great pain and sorrow of the poet being deceived and fooled by the cold world.

To express such pain and sorrow, we could have expressed it in a few words. However, this poem was written from the autumn scenery. At first glance, it seems to have nothing to do with the theme of the poem, but it is actually related to the emotional expression below: the moonlight cage covers up the sadness and lays a sad background for the whole poem; Promoting weaving echoed in the east wall, adding many sad voices to the silence; "Yu Heng Zhi Meng" points to the sleepless night, and "How many stars are vivid" hides the whimsy of dustpans, buckets and cows; Then, the feeling of time flowing is drawn from the grass dew cicada singing, which touches the pain of abandoning the same door; Seeing that anger is extremely "straight down", it is difficult to control. "Beauty is vivid in the stars, out of nothing, and then ups and downs" (Zhang Yugu's Appreciation of Ancient Poetry). This is the beauty of Night Moon in expressing anger. Sigh, anger, pain and sadness are always intertwined with starlight, moonlight, snails and cicadas.

References:

http://so.gushiwen.org/view_47977.aspx