Pronunciation of Dandong dialect

When Dandong people speak, their tongues are relatively large, and many tongue sounds become flat (mainly influenced by Manchu, which may also be related to Korean), while almost all flat sounds are contrary to Dalian dialect, such as Sang Caoshi/Shang Chaosi, Shi/Si, junior high school teachers promoting Shi Jiao/Chu Zongjiao and so on (in the order of Dan/Da). This incomprehensible contradiction clearly reflects the disconnection between Gaihuan's pronunciation and Lian Deng's pronunciation. Donggang dialect has become more flat-tongued, and some words without vowels are also flat-tongued, which sounds bigger and looks like a variant of Dandong dialect, but this is not the case. The problem of flat tongue does not affect its kinship with Dalian dialect.

1. Tone: Dandong dialect in urban areas is generally the same as Mandarin, with four tones of * *. Generally, it just changes the tone of Mandarin into a disyllabic tone (the tone is close to disyllabic, with a value of 4 12, and the tones of Nanjing and Tianjin are similar). In addition, it is mentioned at the beginning that "the main feature of Jiaoliao Mandarin is that the ancient voiced words are pronounced in the upper voice today", which is reflected in Dandong dialect: say sǔo, cry kǔ, eat CH ǔ, don't eat bǔ, give cǔ, table zǔo, pronounce F ǔ, guest kě, and country G ǔ. In ancient times, the initials of full voiced consonants all had tone sandhi (42/53), and the initials of sub-voiced consonants all had rising tone. In areas with relatively ancient pronunciation, such as Donggang and Pulandian, there are only three tones, and the rising tone disappears. The characteristics of the "three tones of entering tone" in Jiaoliao Mandarin are as follows: the words of entering tone with ancient voiceless tones are read in the upper tone today, the words of entering tone with ancient voiceless tones are read in the lower tone today, and the words of entering tone with ancient voiceless tones are read in the upper tone today. Among them, turbidity returning to the upper sound is the * * * feature of Jiaoliao, Luji, Zhongyuan and northeastern mandarin, and turbidity returning to the upper sound is the * * * feature of Jiaoliao, Luji and northeastern mandarin. It is the characteristic of Jiaoliao Mandarin that turbidity returns to the top, and it is also the method to distinguish whether it is a user of Jiaoliao Mandarin. This problem is the key problem of Liaoning dialect. In fact, there is a word that can be distinguished: rag is pronounced mā bu or má bu is northeastern mandarin, and mǐ bu is Jiaoliao Mandarin. Even Dandong and Fengcheng, which are geographically connected and closely related, have obvious differences.

2. Initial consonants: Except for the flat tip of the tongue, there are no special changes, only some lazy pronunciations, W is pronounced as V (close to the lips and teeth), and sometimes the airflow is not obvious. In addition, there is the phenomenon of flat tongue and upturned tongue. After the word "warped tongue" was changed, the initials became flat tongues, such as stone and color, which ensured that the syllables were inconsistent from beginning to end. In addition, the rolling tongue sound in Dandong dialect is not the rolling tongue sound in Mandarin. But the tongue sounds [∫].

3. Vowel: Generally there is no round lip sound. The syllables of bo, po, mo and fo are all pronounced as be, pe, me and fe. There is also lazy pronunciation, and ai reads monosyllabic ε.

In addition, Jiaoliao Mandarin films also have a * * * feature: the final words of the four-rhyme, one-rhyme or three-rhyme of the ancient "crab stops three strings" generally have no [u-] intermediate sound, that is, after consonants such as D and T, most uan become an, and ui becomes ei, such as "short leg" T ě ID m 4 n. Although Dandong is full of hilarious films, it is spoken.

Personal pronouns: Although there is the word "An" in Dandong dialect, it is not always used as the first personal pronoun. Usually I still use "I" when I say myself, but when I use "I" directly as the possessive case, I will use "an" instead. For example: my home-my home, my dad-my dad, my book-my book. And the plural "we" were all replaced by "we". This is different from Dongbei dialect and Jiaodong dialect. Under the same conditions, the word "you" is replaced by "you" and pronounced as n ě n (transition to NN near Dalian). In addition, the pronunciation of the word "an" varies from place to place. The main pronunciation of "An" in Shandong is ng m: n, which retains the initials of ancient Chinese, while Liaodong was changed to m: n because of the strong encirclement and suppression of Beijing and northeastern mandarin.

Let's start with the history of Dandong dialect. The regional differences of Dandong dialect are strong, which reflects the characteristics of Dandong as the dividing line between the two official dialects. Listening carefully, we can find that Sidaoqiao dialect, Yujiagou dialect (north) and Sanmalu dialect (south) are different. The idioms of Sanma Road, such as "amiable" (comfortable), "dependent on others" (disgusting) and "Kashgar" (willing), contain many foreign words, because Sanma Road has a large foreign population. The elders in the northern old city are mostly descendants of the first/second batch of Shandong immigrants, who use many ancient dialects, such as "Ganlai" (but) and other connecting adverbs. A considerable number of them moved from western Liaoning and northern Liaoning, and they brought "authentic Liaoning dialect" (belonging to northeastern mandarin). Dandong dialect is the fusion product of northeastern mandarin and Jiaoliao Mandarin. (Northeast Dialect+Shandong Dialect = "Oyster Flavor") "Liaoning Dialect" (mainly Shenyang Dialect or Liaoxi Dialect) makes many daily expressions in Dandong Dialect out of tune, such as "I don't know", which moves closer to the bad news in Liaoxi Dialect, and "know" weakens to a light tone.

For people in other Jiaoliao Mandarin areas, Dandong dialect is easy to understand, while people in other northern and southern dialect areas have great difficulties in listening to Jiaoliao Mandarin. Dandong dialect is slightly close to Mandarin, but it is still not easy to understand. On the one hand, there are many phonological deviations in Jiaoliao Mandarin, and on the other hand, many unstressed pronunciations are simplified and omitted in actual conversation. If you don't know-don't know the way (or "don't know the way"), in bed-cuanghang (softly), what are you doing-kà n de diar, shit-dè ng de, watch it-K. (H is almost silent at this time), and when the postconsonant is zero or H and D are light, a lot of conjunctions can appear, even more.

Many people misunderstand Dandong dialect, thinking that Donggang dialect is Dandong dialect, and what's more, they think that Gushan dialect is Dandong dialect. Give an example of Gushan dialect;

It rained all day in Ye Er. Today, I finally got some sunshine. I caught six when six when six when six when, suffocated at home! After catching Shang Houer's meal, I went to Qu, and I watched a song from the north of Hulu Road. I asked, "Nangang Airlines?" He Xue: "Touch things, six times!" "

I didn't hang them up again. They all left. Thieves hold on for you, and you will be blind if you touch something!

In the end, the cloud came and it began to box, so I touched the box and stopped writing. Ah, I ran home to catch the blue, and the card fell off, which made me feel uncomfortable. You don't need solid use to get home, so I really recited it today! We went to school for a few days and didn't write well. Everyone laughed!

Translation:

It rained all day yesterday, and it finally cleared up today. I'm going out for a walk and staying at home! After lunch, I went out and watched carrots as soon as I went out. I asked, "What are you doing?" He said, "Nothing, just browsing!"

I ignored them again and left by myself. These hangers, sneak out if you have nothing to do!

In the evening, dark clouds gathered and the sky began to get dark. It will be dark soon. I hurried home, but I didn't notice. I fell down, covered in mud and sprained my foot. I finally climbed home, what a terrible day! I haven't been to school for a few days, and my writing is not good. Let everyone laugh!

These dialect words are actually a mixture of local dialects, such as "touch the box, touch the box" (dark), which is the vocabulary used by Donggang people, "stick down" (fall off) is the vocabulary used by Northeast people, "hang up" (ignore) is the vocabulary used by Liaodong Peninsula people, and "six dang" (stroll) and "grab the blue" (but) are used by Dandong people. Of course, Dandong people can fully understand these words. Here are some examples after finishing:

Primary school Chinese teacher: "Students, please read after me, black (hēi), black (hēi), black (hē I) and black (hēi)."

Boys and girls sit at the same table. Woman: "I really asked you to knock (kē). I'm doing my homework. Don't bother me." Man: "You are very (j √) good at biāo, so you haven't finished your homework." Woman: "Look at your teller (Tēlē). Who Xi ǐ oxi ǐ or (xi m ǐ oxi m ǐ or) can show off in an ostentatious manner like you (dè sou), and his nose is crooked! " Man: "Look at you (k m: hu). No little girl (guēning) is so rude like you (lǐ i sai)! "