parasympathetic nerve

First, an overview of knowledge points

Students, today we begin to learn the first class of the fourth grade next semester. Before class, the teacher will tell you an old joke "Croton should not be used lightly": once upon a time, a quack gave a patient a catty of croton, and the patient took the medicine and died the next day. The relatives of the patient reported the quack to the county government. County grandfather asked the doctor, "Did you read a medical book before taking medicine?" "Yes, the usage of croton is exactly what is contained in the medical book." "What does the medical book say?" "The medical book says' Croton should not be neglected'." "Since we can't treat it lightly, can we abuse it?" "I used a catty, which is not light!" Quack is still arguing. The magistrate was furious: "What an idiot!" So, where is this quack confused? It turned out that he confused the concept of the polysemous word "light", which means both "relaxed and casual" and "light weight". Medical books use the meaning of "relaxed and casual", and quacks only understand it as "light weight" It seems that understanding the meaning of words is a major event in life! I hope that students will not be careless in their understanding of the meaning of words in the future.

In the language treasure house of the motherland, synonyms are extremely rich, usually with similar meanings, but not exactly the same, so they are called "synonyms". Such as "praise" and "praise", "encouragement" and "encouragement", there are still subtle differences in their meanings. Although the meanings of synonyms are basically the same, there are also subtle differences and different usages. For example, words expressing "look" include "look", "stare", "glance", "stare", "look out", "look up", "look down", "bird's eye view", "look around" and "observe". Generally, you can use "look" and "stare"; You can use "look around" to express your absent-mindedness; To show contempt or dissatisfaction, you can use "Mimi" ...

In short, synonyms are easy to be confused, but when used accurately and appropriately, they can show different feelings and styles, enhance the expressive force of the language, make the expression of the article more appropriate, meticulous and rigorous, and also help to avoid the repetition of words and make the language colorful and varied.

Antonyms refer to words with opposite or relative meanings. High and low, east and west, increase and decrease, dry and wet are antonyms. Proper use of antonyms in the article can make the meaning more profound. When considering antonyms of a word, we should first understand the meaning of the word, and then look for antonyms or opposites. If you want to find the antonym of "forward", you can break the word into words, "forward" and "forward". The antonym of "Qian" is "Hou", and the antonym of "Qian" is "Hou", then combine them. The antonym of "forward" is "backward" But some words can't be separated and can only be considered in the overall sense, such as "pride". The dictionary says that "pride" has three meanings, so we should look for antonyms according to its different meanings, and "modesty" can be one of them. For example, "old" refers to old age, and its antonym is "less" or "young" after a long time; When expressing the old meaning, its antonym is "new"; When it means experience and long experience, its antonym can be "tender"; When it means dark color, its antonym is "light color".

Second, the induction and explanation of important and difficult knowledge (1) There are two training forms of synonyms, 1. When filling in synonyms, you must pay attention to understanding the meaning of words, and then choose the most suitable one to write. You can keep the words that can express the basic meaning in the original words, and then replace other words with words with similar meanings; Others can change the original words into words with completely different sounds. The former is like: desire-hope; The latter is like: example-example. 2. When distinguishing synonyms, we can consider the emotional color, scope, meaning and collocation. If we analyze it from the emotional color, we will also analyze it from the positive and negative meanings of words. Such as "tenacious" and "stubborn", the former agrees, the latter hates. Here we should pay attention to learning two ways to distinguish between positive and negative words:

One is to judge the emotional color of a word on the basis of understanding its specific meaning in a specific language environment. For example:

Modesty makes people progress, while pride makes people lag behind. The "pride" in this sentence means that you think you are great and look down on others, which is derogatory.

The hero's PLA uncle is the pride of China people. The "pride" in this sentence means that the heroic spirit of the PLA is worthy of pride, including praise.

Second, for some words with similar meanings, we must scrutinize their morphemes and understand those keywords to distinguish whether they are positive or negative. For example:

He is very decisive.

Your opinion is too arbitrary.

"Decisive" and "arbitrary" both mean "quick and without hesitation". Only one word apart. After careful analysis, you can find the difference. "Fruit" means resolute, and "decisive" means resolute, decisive and without hesitation, with praise; "Wu" refers to power, and "arbitrary" originally refers to judging right and wrong by power, but now it refers to judging only by subjective imagination, which contains derogatory meanings.

Differentiating from the scope, such as "war", "battle" and "battle", the meaning scope of these three words is gradually narrowing, and the mathematical ">" can be used between the three words. Express delivery.

From the semantic analysis of "destruction" and "destruction", the former is shallow and the latter is deep.

From the different collocation of "heavy" and "heavy", they all mean heavy weight, but "heavy" means heavy mental or ideological burden, while "heavy" means heavy work and tasks.

From the specific and general differences, such as "clothes" and "shirts", "clothes" refers to all clothes, while "shirts" are specific, which can refer to long-sleeved shirts or short-sleeved shirts, and can also refer to men's shirts or women's shirts.

Different from Mandarin and dialects, such as "begging" and "beggar", they are spoken and written respectively; "Father" and "Dad" are old words and new words respectively; For example, "salary" and "salary" are foreign words and native words respectively; For example, "salt" and "sodium chloride" are common terms and technical terms respectively. (2) Find antonyms from the following aspects: 1, find words from syllables. The syllable of antonym must be equal to the corresponding word. If "strong" is monosyllabic, its antonym must be monosyllabic, then its antonym can only be "weak", not "not strong".

2, from the scope of words to find. Antonyms should refer to the same scope. For example, "strong" refers to people's physique, and its antonym should be "emaciated" rather than "weak" because "weak" refers to people's character.

3, from the nature of the word to find. Words are divided into nouns, verbs and adjectives according to their nature. A pair of antonyms must have the same part of speech. If "darkness" is an adjective, its antonym should be the adjective "light". It is wrong to use "light" because "light" is a noun.

4. Look from different language environments. Some words have different meanings, so do antonyms. This fish is fresh. The antonym of "fresh" in this sentence should be "rotten".

This is a new thing. The antonym of "fresh" in this sentence should be "old".

The air in the morning is very fresh. The antonym of "fresh" in this sentence is "turbid".

synonym

Breath-smell gaze-gaze still-still fragrant-fragrant implication-lightness-lightness as if-as if joy-joy and tranquility-serenity-beauty confusion-doubt and diligence-hard work-carving-continuous encouragement-encouragement and control-manipulation is full of praise, sincerity, sincerity, patience, tolerance, learning, gazing and laughing, laughing, pulling, steep and unyielding, perseverance and memory. Soft mind-caring about infatuation-indulging in sadness-immediately suffering-immediately satisfying-generously satisfying-generously small-moderately controlling gifts-rewarding threats-threatening to travel-roaming famous-famous-deliberately-devoted to lingering-unwilling to experience-magnificent-majestic understanding-intense understanding. Regret-endure shame-be ashamed and serious-be strict with this-be kind and careful-hesitate-be enthusiastic-be decadent and hate-say goodbye-leave no stone.

antonym

Ming-delicate-rough and short and moist-dry and light-clumsy and magical-ordinary joy-depressed and quiet-noisy and hard-soft and beautiful-ugly and tortuous-straight and smart-clumsy and reckless-cautious and careless-serious contempt-pay attention to the roar of the wind-calm and hazy tired of memories-forget to recover-sleep hoarse-loud and burly-thin and rigid-soft and curled up. Excitement-calm and fast-slow and happy-ugly patience-impatient and happy-unfortunate and * * deep-shallow and weak-strong, so serious and focused-cold and thick-thin and clear-vague and prone-mention excitement-quiet and fast-slow and warm or-cold and flexible-clumsy and awkward.