Why did Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin of Song Dynasty kill his rescuer?

We all say that the gratitude of a drop of water should be reciprocated by a spring, and knowing how to be grateful is a basic accomplishment of human beings. As the saying goes, sheep have the grace of kneeling and nursing, and crows have the meaning of feeding back. Then, the first emperors of the Song Dynasty were Zhao Kuangyin and Song Taizu, as well as Zhao Kuangyin and Song Taizu, which had a great position in the Song Dynasty. Why do you say that? Because the economy of Song Dynasty was very developed at that time, people would live and work in peace and contentment. However, there are rumors that why did Zhao Kuangyin, Song Taizu, kill its savior in history? Let's look at the details!

The history of the Song Dynasty. Mao Zhuan recorded such a historical fact: at noon in August of the first year of Joan of Arc, everyone in front of the temple was waiting for Ling to insult the military school, and Ling falsely accused her of becoming an official, and Joan committed suicide. It is said that Zhang Qiong was in danger in front of the temple and bullied Shi Jue and Shi Hanqing in the military academy. They jointly falsely accused him. Zhang Qiong was sent to the relevant departments for examination, during which he committed suicide.

In addition to the History of Song Dynasty, Li Dao's long book Zi Zhi Tong Jian in the Southern Song Dynasty and Bi Yuan's long book Zi Zhi Tong Jian in the Qing Dynasty recorded this matter, among which Li Dao's long book recorded it in the most detail. At that time, Zhang Qiong's position was "to defend history". The defense envoy is a guard officer, representing his rank as a defense envoy (slightly lower than that of a time envoy, a five-grade official), and waiting in front of the temple (in charge of military justice, starting from a five-grade official) is his actual duty. Xuan Shi and Shi Hanqing are both primary schools with no achievements, both of which belong to Qian Dian Division, and both of which are subordinate to Zhang Qiong. According to Long Bian, Zhang Qiong is short-tempered and severe. At that time, Xuan Shi and Shi Hanqing were favored by Zhao Kuangyin, while Zhang Qiong despised them and called them "witches" (old witches). They hated it, so they falsely claimed that Zhang Qiong "raised more than 100 people, pretended to be Weifu, and was forbidden to travel." . Moreover, the witch destroyed the emperor's brother Guangyi, and he was in danger of waiting for current events in front of the temple. (There are more than 100 people in the private maintenance department, and imperial soldiers are afraid of him. In addition, when the emperor's younger brother Zhao Guangyi was in danger in front of the temple, he also slandered and slandered him. ) Song Taizu called Zhang Qiong for face-to-face interrogation, and Zhang Qiong denied these allegations. Mao was furious and ordered torture. Shi Hanqing slammed Zhang Qiong's head with an iron weapon (the head was shaped like a palm), and Zhang Qiong was beaten out of breath (still innocent) and was dragged to Master Yu for further interrogation. Zhang Qiong knew that she would die, so she took off her jade belt and left it to her mother, and then committed suicide.

zhao kuang yin

According to historical records, the word "false accusation" has been proved: Zhang Qiong died unjustly. The case seems simple, but if we carefully analyze the ins and outs, we find that the inside story is very complicated. In July of the second year of Stegosaurus, after the rebellion of Li Jun and Li Zhongjin was put down, Zhao Kuangyin, Song Taizu "released the soldiers with a glass of wine", relieved Shi Shouxin, Wang Shenqi and other senior generals of the imperial court, and promoted subordinates to lead the imperial army. By the first year of Gande, Zhao Kuangyin's transformation of the imperial army had been basically completed, and the bodyguard division was (weakened) divided into the bodyguard Ma Jun Division and the bodyguard Bu Jun Division, which together with Qian Dian Division were called Sanya. As the Emperor's Guards, Qian Dian Division is the most trustworthy elite unit. At that time, the backbone members of the Qian Dian Division were mainly Zhao Kuangyin's old subordinates when he was the head coach of the Qian Dian Division (before visiting the temple), as well as the children of senior officials and fallen soldiers. Zhang Qiong was born in Gatestown and has been fighting under Zhao Kuangyin since last week. "History of Song Dynasty" recorded that Zhang Qiong was "timid and good at shooting, and was transferred to Taizu's account", and made many military achievements. When Zhou Shizong marched south to Shouchun, he blocked an arrow for Zhao Kuangyin with his body, and several arrows were almost shot to death. Zhao Kuangyin acceded to the throne, promoted him to the rank of imperial general, and later appointed him to replace his imperial brother Zhao Guangyi.

What is the position of the official in front of the temple? Simply put, it is the military judge in the front office, whose military rank is second only to the commander and deputy commander in the front office. Song Taizu reformed the imperial army and abolished the positions of the former viceroy and deputy viceroy, and the former viceroy and deputy viceroy were also vacant for a long time. In fact, the general commander in front of the temple is in charge of the company's affairs. Moreover, due to the highest position in the three lawsuits, the rank of the Qiandian Division is low (from the perspective of five products), but it is one of the highest rank generals in the imperial army.

Before Zhang Qiong, the position of waiting in front of the temple was always held by his brother Zhao Guangyi. When Zhao Kuangyin conquered Li Zhongjin, Li Junhe, Zhao Guangyi, the capital of the temple, was in charge of court affairs and the imperial army in Beijing. This shows the importance of his position. In July of the second year of Jianlong (96 1), he was promoted to Yin and Tong Pingzhang of Kaifeng Prefecture (the highest official and prime minister of Kaifeng Prefecture in Gyeonggi). So Song Taizu appointed loyal and upright Zhang Qiong to take his place, and said: "The guards in front of the temple are like wolves and tigers, although they are less than ten thousand, Joan can't manage them" (the guards in front of the temple are like wolves and tigers, not less than ten thousand, but Zhang Qiong can't manage them). Therefore, Zhang Qiong, as the second leader of DaSong, kept up in a crisis and was an imperial general whom the emperor absolutely trusted.

Xuan Shi is a real person, and The History of the Song Dynasty is legendary. As early as when Zhao Kuangyin was the general of the Later Zhou Dynasty, Xuan Shi worked beside him. After Zhao Kuangyin acceded to the throne, Xuan Shi was appointed as the captain of Imperial Horse Straight (the junior officer of Imperial Horse Straight). When the case was committed in August of the first year of Gander, his position should be slightly higher than that of Captain Yuma, and he belonged to the emperor's bodyguard officer. There is no biography of Shi Hanqing in The History of Song Dynasty. In addition to participating in framing Zhang Qiong, according to historical records, in May of the second year of Kaibao (969), Song Taizu personally marched in the Northern Han Dynasty, and Shi Hanqing, the capital of the temple, was shot to death by an arrow at the gates of Taiyuan. At the time of the crime in the first year of Kangdi, Shi Hanqing's position should be equal to that of Xuan Shi, belonging to the junior squire officials around the emperor. In this way, Zhang Qiong, Xuan Shi and Shi Hanqing were all close friends of Zhao Kuangyin. They had fought together on the battlefield and were the most trusted people of the emperor. What made them turn against each other and want to kill each other?

As famous generals in the early Song Dynasty, Shi Jue and Shi Hanqing had a bad reputation. "Song history. Xuanshi Biography records that when Taizu first came to the palace and wanted to know about foreign affairs, he invited him to see Bo. Juelian believed several things that were white, and all the tests were true. It is said that at the beginning of Zhao Kuangyin's administration, he should fully understand the external situation (mainly military affairs) and ordered Xuan Shi to collect all kinds of news extensively and report directly to him. The emperor trusted him since then, because several information he inquired about was confirmed. According to "History as a Mirror" edited by Long, (Shi) Han Qing was stubborn by nature, good at reading people's minds, talkative in foreign affairs, and proud of his kindness, and no one at home and abroad dared to speak. It is said that Shi Hanqing is fierce and cunning, good at guessing the emperor's mind, and often reports the information he has found to the emperor, which makes him very lucky. No one dares to speak ill of him. In other words, Xuan Shi and Shi Hanqing have a special mission: to be the eyes and ears of Zhao Kuangyin. Because they were trusted by the emperor, they had the right to speak in front of him. Shi Jue and Shi Hanqing were nobody, but they could give orders and shock the crowd.

Zhao Kuangyin ascended the throne with the support of the imperial army. He always regarded the imperial army as his own territory for fear that others would get their hands on him. He wants to firmly control the military power, and "returning to the field with a glass of wine" is not enough. He wants to plant nails in the imperial army and engage in spy politics by giving and giving. As a judge before the temple, Zhang Qiong paid attention to the right path and disciplined the army. He once fought alongside Zhao Kuangyin, and his background was always respected by imperial soldiers. As soldiers, Xuan Shi and Shi Hanqing won the favor of the emperor by playing tricks and tattling, and acted as spies in front of the temple, which was naturally unacceptable to Zhang Qiong. The military status of history is far from that of history. As Zhang Qiong, he may publicly insult them and call them "witches". As the saying goes, it is better to offend a gentleman than a villain. Xuan Shi and Shi Hanqing are undoubtedly villains. They wanted revenge when they were wronged, fabricated facts to suspect Song Taizu, denounced the wicked and openly challenged the Chief Executive. The problem is that there is no conclusive evidence for falsely accusing Shangguan (and the emperor's cronies). Once the matter is exposed, the guilt is not light. Where did Xuan Shi and Shi Hanqing get such great confidence?

According to historical records, Xuan Shi and Shi Hanqing have four charges of framing Zhang Qiong: one is to choose officials and horses to ride; Second, they put Liu Yun's servant under their own command; Third, they raised more than 100 people; Fourth, they ruined the righteousness of their brother and worried about current events in front of the temple. Of these four counts, the first two are at most minor mistakes, not issues of principle; Article 4: Although Zhao Guangyi has a special position, it is not a matter of principle. It seems that only the third rule, "raising/kloc-more than 0/00 people", is the most deadly, which violates Zhao Kuangyin's sensitive nerves. According to historical records, Han Chongyun, a former commander-in-chief and former commander-in-chief, once "used private soldiers for personal gain" (he was very close to individual soldiers) and was almost executed by Zhao Kuangyin. Cultivating personal power through cliques in the army is a consistent practice of Zhao Kuangyin before he ascended the throne, and it is also an act that he resolutely prohibited after he ascended the throne. What is Zhang Qiong's purpose as an officer who forbids the army and "raises more than 100 people"? So this crime should be the most deadly. However, if combined with Zhao Kuangyin's style, it seems that this is not the case.

When framing a person, you should make up an irrefutable story. For example, Song Gaozong and Qin Gui tried to kill Yue Fei, but at least they also had a trumped-up charge. Zhao Kuangyin is not a fool. He always cares about the Korean people and what is happening in the world. Song history. Xuanshi Biography records that Xuanshi once framed Liang Mengsheng, the magistrate of Texas, for persecuting the Guo Gui family (in fact, it was the Guo Gui family who did evil in Texas), and was denounced by Zhao Kuangyin, and Xuan Shi was frightened from then on. With only two low-level eyes, I believe my hand-picked cronies want to find an army for the crisis. Zhao Kuangyin is not so confused. Besides, if Zhao Kuangyin really suspects that Zhang Qiong is repairing the trilogy privately, he can send troops to search his mansion and manor, find out the fact that "repairing the trilogy is 100 people", and then set an example for Zhang Qiong. In the face of the relevant people in the court, Zhao Kuangyin obviously didn't take it seriously.

I don't think the false accusation of "raising a hundred people" is the fundamental reason why Zhang Qiong is suspected of killing people. What makes Zhang Qiong puzzled is that he once "destroyed his brother". History shows that Zhao Guangyi was only 22 years old when Chen Qiao mutinied. At that time, he was the official of the inner temple, and everyone knew it. He rarely went out with the army, relying on the merits of his father and brother to make up for his official position. His rank is not high. After Zhao Kuangyin ascended the throne, he promoted Zhao Guangyi to be the capital of Qian Dian, and successively added Murong Zhaoyan, Shi Shouxin and Han Chongyun, senior generals of Qian Dian Division, to other positions. In this way, Zhao Guangyi jumped from a junior bodyguard officer to the supreme commander of the front office. However, it is not enough to command thousands of arrogant soldiers and experts in front of the temple only by virtue of the noble status of the "emperor's brother". Zhao Guangyi must have played a lot of jokes, otherwise Zhao Kuangyin wouldn't have said such a thing as "Unless Joan can control it". At the same time, Zhao Kuangyin did not intend to grant the power of unifying generals to the emperor's younger brother, as in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. So, when the regime gradually stabilized, Zhao Kuangyin relieved Zhao Guangyi of his military power, promoted him to Kaifengfu Yin and Tongpingzhang (the level of prime minister), and promoted Zhang Qiong, a general who saved his life and trusted himself, and was in danger.

Waiting in front of the temple are military judges. Zhang Qiong is an old man in front of the temple and has the power of savior. He is Zhao Kuangyin's absolute confidant, and it is perfect to appease Qin Bing. "History of Song Dynasty" records that Zhang Qiong's "sexual violence is non-inorganic and obsessive" (grumpy and inflexible, and many people are suppressed) should be what he said when he was in charge of the imperial army. Naturally, some of his actions and remarks will involve his predecessor (his brother Zhao Guangyi) and offend some people's interests. Xuan Shi and Shi Hanqing are favored by Zhao Kuangyin, but their actions are despised by the world. Zhang Qiong denounced him as a "witch", which showed that their life under Zhang Qiong was not easy. However, they are good at obtaining channels, and they may have thrown themselves at Zhao Guangyi and dared to publicly report framing Zhang Qiong. Zhao Guangyi is not necessarily the backstage supporter (it is not excluded that Zhao Guangyi has slanderers first). With Zhang Qiong's "inorganic sexual violence" character, the biggest possibility is to deny all the accusations, even disapprove of Zhao Kuangyin's spy politics, and call a spade a spade to annoy the emperor. So, "those who are angry, hit it. Han Qing immediately hit him on the head with an iron, but he was dragged out, so he went down to the palace and pressed the cymbals. "

There are two theories about the cause of Zhang Qiong's death in history. History of song dynasty. Biography of Taizu records "suicide", while Biography of Song History and other historical materials. Zhang Qiong and the novel Xu Zizhi as a Mirror both recorded "giving death". Although these two words are different, their meanings are quite different. "Giving death" is the confirmation and punishment of Zhang Qiong's crime. The word "suicide" is relatively neutral, indicating that Zhang Qiong's death was not intentional by the emperor. Visible Zhao Kuangyin don't want to bear the notoriety of ingratitude, killing heroes. From the analysis of the reasons, Zhang Qiongben did not commit a capital crime or commit suicide. In fact, Zhang Qiong was killed by Shi Hanqing, but he didn't die on the spot. Zhao Kuangyin was born a military commander, and he believed in force. When you are reasonable, you often hit others, so you are "angry and ordered to hit." Shi Hanqing is also a military commander. He hit the head with an iron object, but it is strange that Zhang Qiong will not die. Because the villain killed the hero indiscriminately, he later played word games on the historical records. This is the boss of an authoritarian society!

Later, it was discovered that Zhang Qiong's family had no money and only three slaves. Zhao Kuangyin asked Shi Hanqing, "You said that there are 100 people in the private nursing department in Zhang Qiong. Where are they? " Shi Hanqing replied: "Zhang Qiong's songs are all based on one enemy." This is obviously a rogue tone, and it is hard to blame anyway. But strangely, Zhao Kuangyin, who was fooled, didn't delve into this matter, which makes us wonder if there are other human factors. I think at that time, only Zhao Guangyi could protect Xuan Shi and Shi Hanqing. As an emperor, Zhao Kuangyin needs both loyal subjects and villains. He didn't believe that everyone in the world was a gentleman, so he trained Kotoo to engage in spy politics. The villain realizes this, does what he likes, and can do evil without scruple.

This is not the only bad thing that Shi Hanqing did. According to historical records, Shi Hanqing died for his country, and people were "happy when they heard of his death", and basically held a negative attitude. Xuan Shi was later promoted to an official. He has an average qualification, always doing stupid things and being criticized repeatedly. It was not until he acceded to the throne that he was appointed as a senior official of "Yang, Chu and other governors of Kyushu", equivalent to the modern "leader of the Central Inspection Group". There was no special secret service in Song Dynasty, but eyes and ears like Xuan Shi and Shi Hanqing have been lurking in every corner of Song Dynasty.