Spanish International Court of Justice

The International Court of Justice, also known as the International Court of Justice, is the judicial adjudication organ of the United Nations and was established in February 1946 according to the Statute of the International Court of Justice. The hospital is located in the Peace Palace in The Hague, the Netherlands, also known as The Hague International Court of Justice. The main function of the International Court of Justice is to arbitrate cases submitted by various countries or provide advisory judicial opinions at the request of the United Nations General Assembly and the United Nations Security Council. It can also try cases suspected of violating international law.

[Edit this paragraph] Introduction

Function:

The main function of the International Court of Justice is to make judgments on legal disputes submitted by various countries or provide advice on legal issues raised by other United Nations agencies in accordance with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations and relevant treaties and conventions. The International Court of Justice is a civil court and only accepts disputes between sovereign States. It has no criminal jurisdiction and cannot try individuals, such as war criminals. According to relevant regulations, the International Court of Justice can only make a ruling if all parties agree to submit legal disputes to the International Court of Justice. Solve legal disputes submitted by countries and provide advice on legal issues submitted by United Nations organs. The International Court of Justice operates in accordance with the Statute of the International Court of Justice and its own rules, resolves legal disputes submitted by countries to the Court in accordance with international law, and provides advisory opinions on legal issues submitted by officially recognized United Nations organs and specialized agencies. The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, located in Hamburg, Germany, is an independent judicial institution established in accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which is responsible for adjudicating disputes arising from the interpretation or implementation of the Convention. The jurisdiction of the Tribunal includes all disputes submitted to it in accordance with the Convention and its implementing agreement, as well as all matters stipulated in any other agreement conferring jurisdiction on the Tribunal.

Members:

All States Members of the United Nations are ex officio participants in the Statute of the International Court of Justice. Non-United Nations Member States, such as Switzerland, may also participate in the Statute upon the recommendation of the United Nations Security Council and with the consent of the General Assembly. (Now Switzerland is a member of the United Nations)

Judge:

The International Court of Justice consists of 15 judges of different nationalities elected by the United Nations General Assembly and the United Nations Security Council, including a president and a vice-president. 15 judges must all come from different countries (the five permanent members of the Security Council, the United States, Britain, China, France and Russia must each occupy a quota). Judges should be able to represent the major cultures and legal systems of the world, regardless of nationality, and no two people should belong to the same nationality. Judges do not represent any country. Their term of office is nine years, and they are replaced by one third every three years. Elected judges should be qualified to hold the highest judicial posts in their own countries or be recognized as an authority in international law. The term of office of the president is three years. Judges and presidents can be re-elected and enjoy diplomatic privileges, immunities and related facilities during their term of office. Judges are nominated by domestic groups composed of arbitrators of the Permanent Court of Arbitration, or by groups specially appointed by governments for the election of the International Court of Justice, and elected by the United Nations General Assembly and the United Nations Security Council. The term of office of judges is 9 years, and they can be re-elected, and the judges of13 are re-elected every 3 years. All resolutions must be agreed by the majority of the judges present. Its function has two aspects:

1. To make judgments on legal disputes agreed by all parties to be submitted to the International Court of Justice in accordance with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations and relevant treaties and conventions;

2. To provide advice on any legal issues raised by other United Nations bodies or specialized agencies within the scope of their work.

The current President of the International Court of Justice is British Judge Rosalyn Higgins.

Composition:

The main institutions of the International Court of Justice include the Summary Chamber, the Budget and Administration Committee, the Relations Committee, the Library Committee, the Amendment Committee of the Statute of the International Court of Justice and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea.

Language:

The official languages of the International Court of Justice are French and English.

[Edit this paragraph] Award

Only disputes between sovereign States can be submitted to the International Court of Justice for adjudication. So far, the International Court of Justice has made 74 decisions. Although these rulings are mandatory, not every ruling has been effectively implemented. When one party thinks that the other party has not fulfilled the court ruling, it may, if necessary, ask the UN Security Council to take action to force the other party to fulfill its obligations stipulated in the ruling. The United States implemented the ruling of the International Court of Justice 1946, but when the International Court of Justice 1986 ruled that the United States should stop its illegal military action against Nicaragua, it was rejected by the United States. The International Court of Justice accused the United States of "violating the provisions of international law that a sovereign state shall not use force against another sovereign state" and demanded compensation from the United States. The United States has not fulfilled its obligations so far. Other examples of non-enforcement of awards include:

1, 1980 The United States accused Iran of illegally detaining American diplomats in Tehran;

2. The territorial sea dispute between the United States and Canada in the Gulf of Maine;

3. Yugoslavia accused NATO members of launching the Kosovo war without authorization;

From 65438 to 0993, the main task of The Hague International Tribunal was to prosecute and try the so-called serious violations of human rights and humanity in the former Yugoslavia. 1995 after the end of the war in bosnia and Herzegovina, the court charged and wanted more than 70 people suspected of committing various crimes during the civil war in bosnia and Herzegovina. From 65438 to 0999, during the later period of the US-led NATO's military aggression against Yugoslavia, the court issued a wanted order against five senior Yugoslav military and political officials, including Milosevic, on charges of "ethnic cleansing" and "crimes against humanity".

Peace Palace, seat of the International Court of Justice

The Peace Palace is located in the center of The Hague, covering an area of seven hectares. It was built for the Permanent Court of International Justice from 1907 to 19 13 with the support of American industrialist and philanthropist Andrews Carnegie.

The Peace Palace is a building made of granite, sandstone and red brick, designed by French architect Louis Cordone. The roof is a gray slate, solemn and majestic, which combines the architectural styles of ancient Rome and Byzantium. There is a lawn in front of the Peace Palace in Belgrade, and the front is a series of portraits reminiscent of the purpose of the Peace Palace. The bell tower on the left is 80 meters high. The Peace Palace is decorated with wooden products, stained glass windows, mosaic patterns, tapestries and other works of art provided by countries participating in the two Hague Peace Conferences, which embodies the diversity of world culture.

Since 1946, the International Court of Justice, like the Permanent Court of International Justice (its predecessor), has been occupying the premises provided by the Carnegie Foundation of the Netherlands, which owns and manages the Peace Palace. 1978, a new house was built behind the old house of the Peace Palace as the judge's office and appraisal room of the International Court of Justice. The building has been expanded to 1997, which is dedicated to the newly added judges ad hoc. In the same year, the top floor of the old building was renovated to provide new offices for officials of the Registry of the International Court of Justice.

The Peace Palace is also the largest public international law library in the world (the Peace Palace Library is open to the public, which is different from the library of the International Court of Justice), and the summer courses of The Hague Academy of International Law are held here. The Peace Palace is open to tourists on weekdays. Relevant information can be consulted with Carnegie Foundation (Tel: +3 1 70 302 4 137).

1999 In May, Mr. Kofi Annan, then Secretary-General of the United Nations, and Judge Stephen Schwebel, then President of the International Court of Justice, opened the Museum of History and Work of the International Court of Justice and other organizations in the Peace Palace. The museum is located in the south wing of the building.