Help me write a paper on Yangzhou literature.

Abstract: The author of Romantic Dream is a Mongolian from Han Dynasty and Shang Dynasty, who came from Yangzhou in the late Qing Dynasty. With the Opium War as the background, the novel shows the customs of a specific area-Yangzhou City. This paper reveals the strong Yangzhou culture contained in Romantic Dream from three aspects: prostitute culture, festival culture and folk art culture.

Keywords: romantic dream; Prostitute culture; Festival culture; Quyi culture

The romantic dream that came out after the Opium War can truly reflect the urban life of that era, but it has different cultural connotations from the common theme of the world or prostitutes. Urban novels, of course, mainly focus on the city and write about its characteristics, and they are the characteristics of the city in a specific era. From a cultural point of view, it embodies the secularity of urban novels. The content of Romantic Dream is a record of Yangzhou life in the19th century, and it is also a promotion of Yangzhou customs and culture. [9] The customs and characteristics of Yangzhou, from famous things to prostitutes, from festivals to customs, are all reflected in romantic dreams.

The book "Romantic Dreams" is preceded by a preface of "Daoguang Wushen" (28 years, 1848). The author should be from Yangzhou, and the rest is unknown. [4] "The author attached to the preface of 1848 of Romantic Dream, indicating that the book obviously belongs to realism. The preface is Yu Hongmei Pavilion, which can be traced back to the winter solstice in 1848. The author's name is Ren Meng, a Han merchant. Hanshang' is a work of Yangzhou during the Daoguang period. The romantic dream is rooted in a specific region-Yangzhou City. " (1) There are so many written languages in romantic dreams that record the customs of Yangzhou.

"All serious works must be autobiographical in the final analysis, and if a person wants to create something of real value, he must use the materials and experiences in his own life." [7] Since it is the author's reflection on his own destiny, compassion and sadness, "whether the writer is conscious or unconscious, he naturally puts his own figure into his works". "The story is based entirely on Yangzhou City. The Yangzhou Prefecture in the Qing Dynasty includes Jiangdu and Ganquan counties. The wedge says that this book is set in Yangzhou. " Then the author is realistic about Yangzhou, and the customs and culture of Yangzhou are reflected in his works.

This article has three themes. First of all, demonstrate the embodiment of prostitute custom in Yangzhou area in romantic dreams; Secondly, it demonstrates the embodiment of Yangzhou traditional festival customs in romantic dreams; Thirdly, it demonstrates the relationship and embodiment of Yangzhou Quyi custom in Romantic Dream.

1. Romantic Dream and Yangzhou Prostitute Culture

There are many poems in the Tang Dynasty that praise Yangzhou women, and Du Mu's "Sanqikai" can be regarded as a masterpiece at that time. His three famous four-character poems are all about prostitutes in Yangzhou. Among them, "A Letter to Han Chuo, Yangzhou Magistrate" can be ranked first. The poem says: "There is water in the green hills, and the grass in the south of the Yangtze River has not withered in autumn. On the 24 th Bridge on a moonlit night, where can jade people teach to play the flute? " "Farewell" can be ranked second, and the poem says: "Down and out, the rivers and lakes carry wine, and the Chu people slim their waists and clap their hands lightly. I dreamed of Yangzhou for ten years and won the reputation of a brothel. " One of them, "Two Farewells", can be ranked third, and the poem says: "Thirteen waves are more than enough, and cardamom is the first in early February. It is better to roll up the bead curtain when the spring breeze is ten miles along Yangzhou Road. " Later, in the poems of past dynasties, prostitutes in Yangzhou were often mentioned. Even in ancient China society, Yangzhou was always regarded as the land of prostitutes. Until modern times, Mr. Zhu Ziqing also talked about this matter in Talking about Yangzhou: "When mentioning the place name Yangzhou, many people think of the place where women were born." It can be seen that in the thousands of years since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there is a story that "the spring breeze travels ten miles along Yangzhou Road, so it is better to roll a bead curtain".

Yangzhou has the custom of being a prostitute, "producers are evil." [2] It is not that people here are not beautiful, because there has always been a saying that "Yangzhou women are beautiful". Why are Yangzhou women beautiful? On the one hand, Yangzhou is located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. As the saying goes, "one side raises one side with water and soil", and the water town nourishes and nurtures the natural beauty and delicate spirit of Yangzhou women. On the other hand, it is because of the dress of Yangzhou women, especially prostitutes pay more attention to beauty. Then there is "a gorgeous makeup person is better than a painter" and "can comb the spring face". [5]

At that time, the Qing government was closed to the outside world and feudal and conservative. At that time, the fashion models in the eyes of women were only unconventional prostitutes. They became the vane of a fashion trend, so they were the epitome of local unique customs and fashion trends. Yangzhou customs can be seen from the decoration of prostitutes. As a famous Yangzhou, it must have its own management characteristics-account splitting; There is also its way of competition-judging the level of prostitutes by setting up a roster and so on. These Yangzhou customs can be confirmed one by one in Romantic Dreams.

1. Romantic dreams and praises

In traditional society, Yangzhou women pay attention to hairstyles and hair accessories. Yangzhou women have always loved to use gold and jade jewelry as hair accessories. As far as unearthed cultural relics are concerned, as early as the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Yangzhou people used gold, jade, teeth and bones to make hairpin, hairpin, stepping stone and earrings. These hair ornaments were found in the tombs of Sui and Tang Dynasties in Yangzhou. [5]

Judging from the regional characteristics of customs, the hair accessories of Yangzhou traditional customs are characterized by hairpin flowers.

Wang Guan, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said in his book Yangzhou Peony: "Young people like to wear flowers, so there is a flower market between Ming Kai Bridge and Fangchunyue." Women only wear flowers, which has been passed down from generation to generation. Old women and girls in cities and villages are happy to wear flowers. Because this custom is quite common, there are still people who grow and sell flowers in Yangzhou. [5] In Romantic Dream, Uncle Lu saw "the orchid bear in the market".

Yangzhou people wear many kinds of flowers, almost all kinds of seasonal flowers can be worn, such as winter jasmine, jasmine, willow branches, mugwort leaves and so on. [5] For example:

I saw two more braids on the dark clouds above his head. There is a huge braid with the headline of Yuan color, which is dragged by Right Sun [point] and inserted with four roses, about thirty. (the fifth time)

That one (Qiao Yun), who is in his twenties, is also Su Tuzi Zhuan, with gold hairpin tied on it, burning Jin Ruyi tied in front of him, two roses inserted and bangs brushed. (the sixth time)

(Sara) Combs the ingot, and Jin Ruyi, the gold hairpin, obliquely inserts the golden burning point Cui Feng Dan's ear spoon, and the rose hoop, wears two roses and obliquely inserts two roses. (the sixth time)

Old mother Xiao asked her mother to comb her hair, changed her hairpin and brought flowers and flower hoop.

Women in those villages hung calamus, sea wormwood, pomegranate flowers and buckwheat on their heads and waxed them black. ...

Buns are very common in Yangzhou. The hairpin flowers mentioned in "Romantic Dream" are colorful and have universal characteristics when worn for nine times. Imagine how big 30 roses are. La Traviata wore one or two flowers, and Wang Xifeng also gave Granny Liu a full head of flowers, but they were full of flowers, so the number of 30 flowers was unprecedented elsewhere.

2. Romantic dreams and Yangzhou feet

Feet, also known as three-inch golden lotus, commonly known as foot-binding, is a feudal custom. Women's feet are wrapped in cloth to make them small and sharp. Since ancient times, there has been a saying that "the beauty of the world comes from Yangzhou". In fact, it is the greatest charm of Yangzhou beauty to call it "Suzhou Head" and "Yangzhou Foot". [2] "Three-inch golden lotus standard: thin, small, sharp, curved, fragrant, soft and upright." [2] Shortness is the basic feature. The feet of Yuexiang and LAM Raymond are "less than four inches", Guilin "four inches", Qiao Yun "five inches" and Sara "four and a half inches". [4]

The reason why foot-binding can be widely prevalent, lasting for a long time and spreading widely is undoubtedly the direct result of women's mental and physical imprisonment after the Song Dynasty. Little-footed women not only catered to the vulgar taste of feudal rulers and literati who regarded women as playthings, but also satisfied the so-called "thin feet are invisible, and the more you look at them, the more pitiful you are." Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, when men and women are lingering, women's feet can not only stimulate men's sexual desire, but also stimulate women's sexual desire, showing off the lotus hook for three inches. At that time, it seemed more "exciting" than flirting. Slim feet became the third sexual characteristic of ancient women, and this morbid sexual consciousness and peculiar aesthetic view also became an oppressive means to imprison women from going to society in feudal times. [2] Back to the 29th:

LAM Raymond smiled and said, "I'll tell you a joke. He felt sorry for my little feet and told me to go back with him. "

The customs are peculiar, and Yangzhou is also famous as "Yangzhou Foot"!

3. Romantic dreams, flower bills and account dismantling

After the Opium War, the social and economic structure of China began to change greatly. On the one hand, the feudal economic base of self-sufficiency was destroyed, which made the rural economy and farmers' life difficult. On the one hand, China's capitalist economy entered the primitive accumulation period from the embryonic stage, thus promoting the continuous development of industry and commerce and the growing prosperity of urban economy. These two characteristics of modern social economy are just conducive to the development of prostitutes. Because prostitution always keeps pace with the development of urban economy. The expansion and prosperity of modern urban industry and commerce need the assistance and stimulation of prostitution, and the bankruptcy of farmers provides an inexhaustible source of prostitutes for the expansion of urban brothels. [ 1]

Flower bills and separate accounts are very popular in Yangzhou brothel management. Flower orders are often defined by the aesthetic standards of brothel operators, but in fact, the pattern of female prostitutes is determined by the aesthetic standards of prostitutes. In the first year of the Apocalypse, Zhiheng Pan put forward four criteria in "The Prostitute of Jinling": "What you say must be done, and what you say will win; Second, rhyme, Feng Yisheng; Three talents, scheduling wins; Four colors, clever show wins ",the flower list in the early Qing Dynasty generally followed the pattern in the late Ming Dynasty. [2] Prostitutes ask their clients for couplets to improve their social status. "Roster has actually become the authoritative commercial advertisement in the romantic world. " [2]

As a format for evaluating famous prostitutes, the roster is still engraved with poems or comments, which are written from the aspects of voice, appearance, temperament and skills. Shanghai brothels are similar to Yangzhou, with many kinds and strict grades. There are books in first-class brothels, third-class prostitutes and third-class prostitutes, which are called school books. The book with prostitutes is called "History of Ci", commonly known as "Mr. Jialong", which was the top three in the original list of virtuous products of United Taiwan [1]:

The name of the prostitute, comments on the address of the prostitute.

One of Wang's bachelors won the building in Houmen Street, the old courtyard. The national color was originally called jade, and Yao Daotian was called Lao Wang.

The female Buddhist nun Ji lotus shamao got her old home Guo back to Qin, and married Chu Ying, a peerless Wu Ying.

Ginger, the female champion, is like jade in Jiwo Lane, Xinghua Old Yard, and the fragrant flowers are orchids.

Han palace comes first, Qin history comes second.

Take three examples, we can see that the selected prostitutes are all named after the imperial examination fame and flower name, and the comments belong to Tibetan head couplet, implying the names of the evaluated prostitutes. "Romantic Dream" did not publish the flower list, but followed this tradition, and a few simple examples are as follows [4]:

The name of the prostitute, comments on the address of the prostitute.

Lack of school books and the fragrance of the moon. When entering the Jade Palace and the Moon Palace, ordinary people are not allowed to wear shoes, and the fragrance is biased towards celebrities' clothes.

The school book Guilin lacks strength. The farther the osmanthus tree is from the wind, the more charming the forest flowers are.

LAM Raymond's female history lacks strength, and everyone dances phoenix and phoenix, and the flowers in the forest are rotten butterflies Chang Fei

Obviously, it is a compliment to prostitutes. "Frost thrush sleeps enough in spring, while Ling Hua looks at each other in makeup"-reprimanding Sara for being a broken flower, but it also reflects a custom. Of course, the roster is not static. Yuexiang is also called "female history" and LAM Raymond is also called "fairy history", which is mainly determined by the aesthetic standards of customers. As a practical custom in Yangzhou, these flower lists are reflected in romantic dreams. A limited view on the dismantling of accounts in Leopard Gallbladder and the improvement of the combination form and management mode of Yangzhou brothels in Quite Criticism.

Irene is a "billing partner", Cui Qin is a "partner" and Hong Xiu is also a "newly tied partner" [4]. LAM Raymond said:

The year before last, he tied me to Qingjiang for two years, how many bundles, private money and clothes, and then tied me to Yangzhou next year, leaving only one month to come. [4]

Their identities are different, and as can be seen from the above tables and books, Yuexiang, Cuiqin and Cui Yun live in Jinyulou, while Guilin, Sara, LAM Raymond and Qiao Yun are stronger, while Yangzhou implements the compound system, which is characterized by its large scale. After the house was rented by the boss (Heqiang), rooms of different sizes were arranged respectively, and the room decoration was different, and Yuexiang and Guilin were also different. Freemen call themselves buddies, and our family calls them guest teachers. They can choose their own rooms, but they must bring their own furniture. Income is divided between prostitutes (guest teachers) and their families (bosses), usually 46 points or 43 points, which is the so-called "split account". They are more free to move, as long as they settle their accounts, they can be discharged from the hospital. In addition, prostitutes are pawned, which is called "pawn account"; The prostitute named Bao is called Bao. A "tied" prostitute (a person whose family pays her debts) is called "paying her debts". [1] This kind of brothel is widespread all over the country, and there are many such customs in Yangzhou, which can be reflected in the recorded romantic dreams.

These realistic materials of Yangzhou customs reflect that the documentary value of Romantic Dream far exceeds its artistic value. It is a narrow and evil novel with regional characteristics, and regional customs are better than stories.

Choosing songs for visiting prostitutes is an important part of the life of ancient literati in China. The Mongols of Han merchants are Yangzhou literati who have experienced romantic places. His article shows us the festival customs of a region. The scenery of Yangzhou is further displayed through several noteworthy boat trips, which occupy most of the books in chapters 5, 13 and 16. The thirteenth episode takes place in the Dragon Boat Festival, where readers experience the unique local customs from the perspective of Lu Shu and Yue Xiang. The other two times were to the temple, once for five people to become sworn friends and once to celebrate the recovery of the moon fragrance. [6]

There are two ways for prostitutes to visit the lake by painting boat: one is that tourists can make an appointment in advance or take it temporarily. If you make an appointment in advance, you must stick a Cambodian sticker first. Temporary recruitment can omit this procedure. One is that prostitutes buy lakes to attract tourists.

In addition, the Dragon Boat Festival is also an important folk custom in Yangzhou. Yangzhou has a long tradition of bidding for the Dragon Boat Festival. Chapter 13 of Romantic Dream is about hanging children and the Dragon Boat Festival. One is that nine dragon boats compete for ducks, and two cages of ducks are sent to Lu Shu's boat, which means that this activity is paid by them, and the people who take ducks throw ducks into the river in turn, and nine dragon boats also cross quickly to grab ducks in turn. This activity attracted countless cruise ships to watch. In addition, there are all kinds of water sports, such as "seeing someone pedal a dragon bow, somersaulting into the river, and how far they swam up, called diving head, is more lively than catching ducks."

Back to the thirteenth "He Duan Lu Min Shu to see the dragon boat":

But I saw pomegranate red as fire and wormwood green as a flag. ..... After lunch, those large and small cruise ships came and went, and the gongs and drums were heard, and the flags of distant homes covered the sky, and all kinds of dragon boats flew around on the water. There are two dragon boats with foreign flag umbrellas, which have always been brand-new. The dragon boat hangs like a stranger. The friend standing at the dragon boat head is dressed in gorgeous clothes, with foreign watches, knives, gourd bags, fan covers, handkerchiefs and other objects pinned to his waist, wearing a fashionable rain tassel cool hat on his head and fashionable satin boots on his feet. He is young, has a new night suit, stands firm and looks good.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the dragon boat race on the Qianguan Canal at the south gate was the biggest in Yangzhou. At that time, the rich merchants put the tickets for "rewarding money ×× 2" in the hollowed-out duck eggs and put the duck egg shells in the canal, so that the sailors rowing dragon boats could "grab the bid" in the river. Duck egg shells float up and down with the tide on the water. Sailors who "grab the bid" are not allowed to compete with their hands. They must bite the duck's egg shell with their mouths to be considered as "winning the bid".

The bucket sign is nine dragon boats, and there is a small boat without a canopy behind it. There are two cages above, and there are more than a dozen live ducks in them. ..... and then every dragon boat with children is always leaning on their big boat. So he put the two cages in the duck boat on the big ship and put them at the bow. Nine dragon boats are always fighting for the bid, and gongs and drums are rowing around in front of their big ships. When cruise ships hear bids, they always crowd around. Two men standing at the bow of Lu Shu's boat saw a dragon rowing very close to the boat, so they caught a duck in a cage and threw it into the river. There is a boating friend on the dragon boat, naked and wearing only a pair of pants, braiding his hair on a pickle handle and pushing it to the faucet. When he saw the duck, he jumped into the river, caught the duck and jumped into the dragon boat.

Tourists pat ducks, and people stand at the head of the dragon, scrambling to catch them and saying, "Catch ducks." Or throw the pig into the water and say "grab the bid" There are rope tied to the dragon's tail, children of seven or eight years old, double buns, red shirts and green pants, and stunts, such as the boy worshiping Guanyin, the golden rooster independence, the upside-down bird, the kite turning over, etc., which are called "hanging the tip". On the fifth day of the Dragon Boat Festival, in the afternoon, people went to Tianchi to watch the dragon boat. Salt boats helped sailors, tied paper faucets at the ends of their feet, got drunk and danced, which was called "Oolong Boat". Red firecrackers must be greeted, or it will be violent to grab the duck and bid. There are boats coming and going on the lake. Ships are afraid of splashing water, but people on the shore are happy to see it.

They knocked on gongs and drums that lifted cups. After winning, the child hanged himself on the little red stick. Why Hon Hai worships Guanyin, Carp and Zhang Fei sell meat ... All colors are always stubborn, and Yuan You gave them money.

At the same time, the close-up of seven or eight-year-old children hanging from the short wood at the stern shows us what an exciting and magical picture of "children hanging upside down" on Yangzhou ancient canal.

Rural folk customs are more intense. Many women have their own special clothes. Some like to tie a green leaf of wormwood in their hair bun, some like to insert a red pomegranate flower in their temples, some use buckwheat leaves to weave wonderful tiger flowers, and some use velvet flowers to weave exquisite tiger flowers. The countryside in May is so colorful and full of vitality. [5]

Today is Duanyang Festival, and the customs in Yangzhou are quite crowded. There are men and women on both sides of the strait, some holding boys and some carrying girls. The women in those villages, with calamus, seaweed, stonewall flowers, buckwheat noodles, black wax and lead powder hanging from their heads, ran around the river bank in a pair of red cloth shoes with colorful red leaves, calling their sister-in-law aunt, pushing and pulling their sisters, and were tanned by the sun.

These special decorations during the Dragon Boat Festival are collectively called "Dragon Boat Festival Scenery" by Yangzhou people. In the Qing Dynasty, Wei Baisen also said in Lingchuan Zhi Zhu Ci, which describes Gaoyou Dongxiang, "The golden stove is half drunk with realgar wine. Dressed for the Dragon Boat Festival, the tiger flowers are obliquely inserted into the daughter cloud, which is great. " The word "Dragon Boat Festival Scene" should be said to be a good summary. In addition, during the Dragon Boat Festival, the customs of making zongzi, eating "twelve red flowers" and giving "mung bean cakes" in Yangzhou really constitute a lively folk landscape unique to Yangzhou. [5]

Yuexiang asked her mother to peel a plate of brown seeds, took a colorful floppy disk containing rose sauce pickled with sugar, and invited Lu Shu to eat zongzi. Lu Shu ate one, and Yuexiang poked a zongzi with her teeth, dipped it in rose cream, and put half of it in her mouth, and sent the half to Lu Shu's mouth with her face.

Yangzhou has incense on weekdays and horses on festivals. These Nuo cultures in Yangzhou are all reflected in the text, and these "gods" are semi-religious and semi-customary in nature. Nuo, a clergyman who plays a major role, has two names, namely "Xiang" and "Ma Pi". "Yangzhou Painting Boat Record" said: "Nuo is called Xiang at ordinary times. Joining a club is called a horse's coat. As soon as the horse arrived, the gong rang loudly. " Ma Pi is good at playing tricks, jumping up and down, and acting a little.

Two men, barefoot, dressed in silver-red Xinger cloth and blue trousers, with iron spikes more than two feet long and iron whip on their wrists, jumped around the hot incense pile in the hall yard. ..... Sara said to Yuan Yu, "Why are these two people jumping around?" Yuan You said, "Their name is Ma Pi, and they call themselves masters. This is a sin against the sun. "

There is also a kind of gambling, also called gambling, which is a unique and extremely common gambling entertainment in Yangzhou and a custom. The second novel:

I saw some people carrying a basket with colorful lighters, foreign-wound sweat towels, cash horses, wallets, fan covers, dominoes, chess, eroticism, cigarette cases and so on. , standing next to Wei Bi, coaxed Wei Bi to fall. Wei Bi picked four exquisite magnetic tea bowls with colorful words on them and made 380 pieces. The loser sat on a small high stool with a broom in his nest, first swept the dust underground, then took out six Kaiyuan coins, scattered them on the ground, made three molds of three characters, and handed them to Wei Bi, holding Wei Bi's wrist in his right hand. There are several bloggers standing by. They cough at the person who lost his blog with Webby and say,' Cry! The man nodded in agreement. Wei Bi put six money on her finger and lowered her head. The number of people who picked up the blog read the font one by one, picked it up and handed it to Wei Bi who fell again. * * * dropped five levels, only achieved two levels, which was considered as losing three levels. Wei Bi said,' I won't fall. The man didn't ask for money, so he got up and took a small bench and a basket, and followed the blogger. "

Again for the thirteenth time:

Lu Shu and Wei Bi threw many mice and yellow smoke in baskets and took them back to the boat to enjoy afternoon wine.

As can be seen from the above description, depicting the urban life state of the characters and deliberately expressing urban entertainment have become the remarkable features of Romantic Dream.

Romantic Dream and Yangzhou Quyi Culture

Pingtan has always been linked together, but in Romantic Dreams, storytelling is not mentioned, but there are many references to Yangzhou Tanci, also known as Suzhou Tanci. Sheng Xing, a storyteller in Ming and Qing Dynasties, can be divided into three categories: robe belt (telling history and the legend of heroes), short play (explaining chivalrous books) and supernatural monsters (fairy tales and strange books). The storyteller's props are simple. It's really not easy for a person, a desk, a chair, a fan, a wake-up call and a handkerchief to express the 5,000-year-old historical rumor of China. The common sayings of storytelling are "Zhuizi" (unit story), "Shu Dan" (hero), "Book thief" (villain) and "Jin Shu" (lucky general in the book). After reading the full text, I think the book is about playing the lyrics rather than commenting on the book.

Tanci has a long history, which may have degenerated from the rap form in Tang Dynasty. The lyric format of Bianwen is mostly seven sentences, occasionally with three-character prefix or six sentences mixed with three or three sentences, and then evolved into rap music, which is the predecessor of Tanci. Yangzhou Tanci-Yangzhou local music, formerly known as "Xianci", is popular in Yangzhou, Nanjing and He Lixia in northern Jiangsu. Its performance is mainly about talking about the table, supplemented by playing and singing, which is roughly the same as the explanation. The difference is that it pays more attention to clear pronunciation and mellow voice, and its intonation and charm; Second, the scope of demonstration action is smaller, focusing only on facial expressions. [5] Speaking, answering, playing, singing, five skills and eight skills in Tanci art are the basic skills of Tanci actors. Yangzhou dialect is often used, and the lyrics of Yangzhou Tanci are arranged in calligraphy. Commonly used qupai are "auspicious grass", "leaving Beijing tune", "Manjianghong" and "overlapping", with feather tune and Shang tune being the majority. The tune is simple and elegant, antique and has not changed for many years. Lyrics include the first-person narrator and narrative style, usually three or seven sentences, and words can be added or subtracted appropriately, which rhymes with even sentences. The accompaniment is harmonious and tacit, the three strings play the skeleton sound, elegant and simple, and the pipa is moist, dense and changeable, which is called "three-stringed bone pipa meat" [10]. The beginning of Romantic Dream writes:

On the boat from Tianning Gate, prostitutes were brought from time to time, some singing big songs and some singing small songs, with melodious flutes and graceful songs.

As a realistic novel, romantic dreams are well documented, and Yangzhou artists have a high level of playing and singing, which is manifested in improvisation, flexible performance forms, and less limited by stage, scenery, props, number of people, space and time. If the performance is called "double file", it means that two people cooperate with each other and speak in different roles, one focuses on narration and the other on singing. In fact, many tanci are folk art based on life and accumulated in life. In the twenty-ninth back to the oath, LAM Raymond remarried:

Jia Ming said to LAM Raymond, "I want to bend down and let you sing a song." . I wonder if I can join you? LAM Raymond told Gao Ma to bring the pipa and hold it in her hand. She also asked Gao Ma to take out those blue shoes with blue feet that she had never worn before and put them in front of Jiaming's seat. LAM Raymond played the pipa, twisted his voice and sang a Beijing dialect.

Foreign flower shoes are three inches big. I have never sent them to my friends, but I have sent them as souvenirs. I have no choice but to remarry. If you think of me, look at the flowers on your shoes. To meet, unless in a dream in the middle of the night, to meet again in this life, you can't insist on the afterlife.

LAM Raymond finished singing, handed the shoes to Jia Ming and said, "Put them away and remember." . Jia Ming took it and said to LAM Raymond, "Play the lilacs for me." . LAM Raymond promised to play the pipa. Jia Ming then sings:

The more I think about it, the more I lose. I think at the beginning, I said that I would spend my life together. Who knew that you would take a different path with Pipa? I'm wasting my time drawing water in a bamboo basket. For the sake of feelings, who knows the mistakes of anti-feelings, for the sake of feelings, who knows the mistakes of anti-feelings! "

For example, "speak in vivid and attractive language; : Jue, be humorous and decent; Play, be skilled, sing and play; Fifth, the performance requires the unity and coordination of external movements and internal feelings, that is, the heart, mouth, hands, feet and eyes; Describing the eight skills is the art of imitating natural sounds with human voices. "

Prostitutes seldom use paintings to attract people, but all play pipa and sing. Because they have soft ears and have never heard of soft eyes, Zhen Wu said, "Feng Xianggong really knows how to fill rice soup." Because songs and lyrics can convey their feelings, many people pin their feelings on songs. Sara wants to find a "lover" who will accompany him all his life by playing pipa songs. Sara sings "Man Jiang Hong":

Handsome man, I love you. You are romantic, handsome and elegant. I love your good personality, smart work and gentle talk. I love you, whether it's true or not, it's fate. Easy to seek priceless treasures, what a little. I finally found a lover, and when will I make good use of it? I have a heartfelt word, and I will endure it. I wonder if you will? I have to put up with it. I wonder if you will?

The so-called "poetry expresses ambition, songs always say, sounds follow the chant, and harmony" and "poetry expresses ambition and sings" are predecessors' generalizations and summaries of the essence of poetry. What is ambition? "Preface to Mao Poetry" explains: "Poets have ambition. The heart is ambition, the words are poetry, the feelings are in the middle, and the shape is in words. " It can be seen that the so-called "ambition" is the expression of the poet's inner feelings. Poetry is a reflection of thoughts and a product of feelings.

Stomatology, a kind of playing ci, is also an acrobatic. Actors use oral vocal skills to imitate various sounds. It can make all kinds of sounds at the same time. This skill belongs to one of the "hundred plays" in Qing Dynasty. Performers mostly hide behind curtains or screens. Yangzhou Quyi culture, commonly known as "the next-door drama", has a large section describing Shuren Wang's ventriloquism in the thirteenth chapter of Celebrating Birthday, Moonlit Birthday Banquet. Holding a paper fan in his hand, he learned the sounds of animals, horses and chariots, and then told a wonderful story about his family's lunch break. In particular, young women sing "Nanjing tune", and there are also words (omitted) in the text. Performers use skillful artistic skills to portray characters in depth, show the ideological content of their works in detail and vividly, and reveal the rich and colorful social life in a concentrated, general and concrete way. At the same time, there is no skill in Tanci, and the excellent art of Tanci rap is a mixture of skills, comprehensive application and complementary.

The theme is rich and varied, and Yuexiang sang a famous Huang Er to make amends:

Lin Daiyu was depressed, listening to the wind and bamboo outside the window. Tell Zijuan to push the screen window for distraction. I wonder how hot it was when I entered Fu Rong. I eat with Baoyu every day and sleep with him every night. He loves me, and I love him for a moment. Infatuation really wants to be supported for a lifetime, and now men and women have grown up differently. When we met, we said some empty words. For no reason, Shi Xue's period came again. He has a female name, Baochai, and looks dignified. He said that gold and jade can be matched with yellow. I'm crazy about Baoyu, and I'm delusional when I listen to people. I'm sorry I lost my parents early. In the infinite heart, I have to cry and grieve secretly. I hate Wang Xifeng for breaking up Yuanyang.

The novel A Dream of Red Mansions is unique when interpreted in a colloquial way in just a few words. "If the lyrics have a good population, not only the voice is soft and crisp, but also the words are sonorous and the songs are fresh and refreshing." ("Lu Pingzhuan") such as the seventh episode of "Chang Tan Wu Biao":

Ask LAM Raymond and Lexiang to play a lute each, and ask the dirty teacher to sit at the table and play the violin. Yan Yuan used a pair of teeth and knocked on a five-inch floppy disk in his hand, urging Wen Lan to "sigh five more":

"In the first duty, (slightly) in the second duty, ... the fifth watch, the moonlight sank in front of the window. Unfortunately, we are not as good as people, suffering and sending messengers. Take Tian Mandarin for example, always keep a clear head. Bad things come and go, always busy, calling out your soul from that place. Looking for silver on the door, I see bad people. Oh, my God, I don't smoke. I have been rolling for a long time. It's late in the moonlight in the morning window, but we left the stage. Who knows how to support the apartment! When all the bags are used up and the clothes are out of fashion, there is no way to treat tobacco cancer. When I think of my wife and children, I don't want to cry. I want to talk to my friends. Nowhere to knock. God, don't you think you and your husband should be sent to another country to die? "

Jia Ming brought, flute, sheng, drum board, pipa and violin, and sang a set of' I want to celebrate the emperor's prosperous Tang Dynasty', with a loud voice and a sonorous tongue, like a man's voice. After Yue Xiang and LAM Raymond finished singing, they sang a set of' It's as beautiful as flowers for you', with a soft and crisp voice, delicate and pleasing to the ear. Those friends who saw ten pots of cards even read the wrong cards.

This is obviously a bit exaggerated, but it also shows the charm and subtlety of the art of tanci from the side. Play the words accordingly.