How to use college entrance examination composition materials

Every year, in order to meet the college entrance examination, we always ask students to recite some composition materials, but from the usual writing training, few students can apply them to articles. In view of this situation, let's talk about how to use the materials accumulated at ordinary times to inspire students. 1. On one occasion, Hou wanted to look at the joke collection Laughing Waves in the Ming Dynasty and discuss the art of laughing, but he searched all over the old book stalls in Beijing and couldn't find it. By chance, he knew that there was this book in Beijing Library, so he went to the library to copy it for 18 days in a row. A book with more than 65438+ 10,000 words was copied and bound with his own pen. This kind of material can naturally be used to write hard, hard and successful compositions without thinking. But from another point of view, it can greatly expand its application scope. If the topic composition "stand up", you can stand up in the society and become a giant. You must strive to enrich your knowledge before you can apply this material. In the essay "Learn to Say No", you can think of not only learning to say no to the bad atmosphere in society, but also learning to say no to your laziness, cowardice and weak will. The topic of "the value of life" can be applied from the perspective of difficulties and twists and turns and the realization of life value; For example, if you want to write a material composition from the perspective of "priceless spirit", isn't Hou's fighting spirit the same? 2. Contrast and apply the records in Yuan Shi: Xu Heng was hot and thirsty once when he went out. There happened to be a pear tree by the roadside. Pedestrians went to pick pears, but only Xu Heng was still standing. Someone asked, "Why don't you pick pears?" Xu Heng replied; "If it's not your own pear, how can you pick it indiscriminately?" The man laughed at his pedantry; "The world is so chaotic, who cares about the pear? It has no owner." Xu Heng primly said, "Although there is no owner for pears, I have one." In 2007, Sichuan Volume was a propositional composition "One Step, One Life". This material was just applied from the opposite side, so as not to let yourself go beyond the moral bottom line and achieve noble personality. The topic of "the value of motivation" can be written from the perspective of others' motivation or from the perspective of self-motivation. Doesn't this material show that Xu Heng can inspire himself with moral beliefs? Tsiolkovsky, the "father of the universe" in the former Soviet Union, suffered from scarlet fever as a teenager and was expelled from school. But he became a success by teaching himself in the library. Heine, a German poet, spent the last eight years of his life in a "paved grave". He can't move his hands and feet, and his eyes are half blind, but the fire of life has not been extinguished. He has sung many excellent poems that are famous all over the world. Some students are good at writing literary compositions. They can use this material to associate similar characters in real life and mix them in imagination to make up a short story. Or think of some natural phenomena and write a short essay with a token; You can also change your image and write a fairy tale or fable with anthropomorphic brushwork, taking animals or plants as the description object. 4. Application for Bridging and Docking 1923. One motor of Ford Company in the United States is broken, and all engineers and technicians in the company can't repair it. Someone recommended Stan Inman, a German who came to the United States to make a living. After he came, he sat on the motor for three days, climbed up and down with a ladder for a long time, and finally drew a line on a part of the motor, which read: "The coil here is more than 16 times." If you follow his instructions, the motor will run normally. To this end, Mr. Ford, the president of the company, paid him 10 thousand dollars and invited him to join. He refused the request because the owner of the small factory where he worked helped him in his most difficult time. Writing a thesis on "pleasure and pursuit" seems to have little to do with this material on the surface, but as long as one of the factors is grasped, it can be related. For example, moral pursuit is about gratitude. "Morality" is a bridge that combines the two. In 2007, Tianjin wrote an essay entitled "There is a saying that often hangs on my lips". If we extend it, we can think of a saying that people often say "respect knowledge", a line reflected in this material, and a reward of 10 thousand dollars, and we can demonstrate this problem from one side. For example, if you write a composition on the topic of "Walking into the sunshine", you must have scientific knowledge if you want to walk into the sunshine of your career, then this material can be naturally applied with "career" as a bridge. An old woman told her guests the secret of keeping a happy marriage on the golden wedding anniversary. She said: "From the day I got married, I prepared to list 65,438+00 shortcomings of my husband and promised myself that I would forgive him whenever he made any of these 65,438+00 mistakes." Someone asked her what the shortcomings of 10 were, and she replied, "To tell the truth, I have never listed the shortcomings of this 10 in detail for 50 years. Whenever my husband does something wrong and makes me stamp my feet with anger, I immediately remind myself that he is lucky. He made one of the 65,438+00 mistakes that I can forgive. "

Take "responsibility" as an example. If you think of "social responsibility" first, then national responsibility, group responsibility, professional responsibility and family responsibility will all be related to it. If it is the responsibility of every family member to maintain family harmony and warmth, then we should be tolerant to realize this responsibility. In this way, this material has become an integral part of our article. Another example is "goal and practice". From this material, we think that one of the goals of life is family happiness, which needs to be adhered to in practice for 50 years like this old lady. We know that "perseverance" is only one aspect of psychological quality, so do we need other psychological qualities, such as sincerity, tolerance, love, habits and hobbies? This opens the way of thinking, and other materials are gathered in the pen, which can be imagined as an argumentative paper with a parallel structure. It can be seen that a "perseverance" produced the idea of juxtaposing various psychological qualities from one place to another, which became the ideological structure of the article. For example, this passage says, "Tao Yuanming doesn't bow down for the five buckets of rice, Li Bai doesn't bow down for the powerful, and he doesn't care for the big officials of the Qing Dynasty ... People with lofty ideals and backbone in ancient and modern times are not proud of the high officials, and they have discipline under their knees and are constantly striving for self-improvement. Their noble qualities will always be praised by future generations. On the contrary, those who have been brilliant and rich for a lifetime are now washed away by the long river of time. " In addition to demonstrating with examples, comparative methods are also used. Through the positive and negative contrast, the argument is more thorough, right and wrong are more clear, giving people a clear and profound impression. Several problems should be paid attention to when using comparative argument: First, the two sides of comparison should be comparable. Second, we should establish a reasonable frame of reference. To compare, we must have a reasonable * * * frame of reference. Without a * * * frame of reference, the two cannot be compared. Look at another example: Beethoven put aside the noise of the world and jumped in the country of music; The curies abandoned the confusion of fame and fortune and took a far-reaching step in the scientific community; Tao Yuanming forgot the worldly darkness and picked chrysanthemums leisurely on the free Nanshan ... Their life was very easy, and they smelled the fragrance of the world. Rykov, who was not bound by the secular world, was dragged to the edge of death by money. They didn't run with all their strength and ease, and were finally involved in the turbid current of the secular world ... (Excerpted from the full text of the college entrance examination "Easy to Rise") Facing the same topic, we can always find the pros and cons, and make a profound comparison between these two characters by using comparative methods, including good and bad, good and bad, beautiful and ugly. This method can be widely used in the writing of various articles. 7. Combination parallelism "Combination parallelism" is not a general rhetorical device in the use of materials, but a method of using materials. It can also be called "multi-material combination". The "multi-material combination" mentioned here does not mean the general practice of continuous use or even superposition of similar materials, but refers to the concise expression of similar materials, which are combined in the same paragraph to explain the same argument. Its advantages are eloquent, informative and confident, and it can achieve good rhetorical effect. The language expression should be neat and the arrangement order should be reasonable (such as time sequence, from far to near, from main to secondary, etc.). For example, Jiangnan is where your soul lives. Throughout the ages, many people have found their homes here. Sanmao, a legendary woman, has been wandering around the world for decades. Her hair was messed up by the wind. As soon as she came to Jiangnan, she cried. Just like seeing a kind old woman, she finally found a place in her life where she could feel at ease. Shen Wanshan, a giant in the south of the Yangtze River, experienced ups and downs in shopping malls, and finally settled in Zhouzhuang Waterfront, no longer striving for fame and profit. There are also literati hermits who do not leave their names. Perhaps they have thought about being the top scholar and their careers are proud. Then day after day, intrigue and intrigue finally made them tired, so they packed their bags. Arrived in Jiangnan and died in Sri Lanka. (Excerpted from the perfect composition "Living in Jiangnan" of Zhejiang College Entrance Examination in 2006) Three examples are used to illustrate that Jiangnan is the place where souls live. These three examples are typical. One is Sanmao, a wandering wanderer; the other is Shen Wanshan, who has experienced the ups and downs of shopping malls; the other is a group image; and the other is a literati official who was proud of his official career in ancient China. These people all regard Jiangnan as the destination of their lives, which further shows the beauty of Jiangnan. This is of course an effect that a single example cannot achieve. Let's look at another example: the reader should have a little spirit. In other words, the scholar's spirit originally refers to the temperament revealed by the scholar. "Don't listen to things outside the window, read only sage books" is the spirit of the scholar who pursues knowledge and completely abandons all other distractions; "Being penniless and worrying about the country and the people" is a scholar spirit with lofty aspirations; "Pointing at the mountains and rivers, inspiring writing, dirt like Wan Huhou in those days" is the scholar spirit of noble, lonely, resentful and despising the powerful. The heart of this passage is the first sentence. The author uses three examples to form a parallelism, quotes different famous sayings and poems to explain the spirit of the literati, respectively showing the reader's concentration, anxiety and ambition, and reflecting the reader's spirit from different aspects. Of course, "don't listen to things outside the window, just read sage books" can be interpreted from different angles. Not to mention this, what I want to say here is that the author combines similar materials side by side, which not only strengthens the point of view and enriches the content, but also shows a momentum and a certain literary talent in language. This method of using materials is processed by the author's subjective choice, which is completely different from the practice of stacking materials regardless of the content needs. Eight. Using one material to write argumentative essays, most students suffer from the lack of available materials. In fact, everyone has a lot of materials stored in their minds, but why are they worried about insufficient materials? There is a very important problem here, that is, some students will not make efficient use of the materials they have and are not good at multi-purpose. Because of the diversity of things themselves, a good material is always three-dimensional and has multiple attributes. In addition, different people have different understandings of materials and different angles of conception. Therefore, the same material can often dig out several different viewpoints. For example, the article "Candle shines on Qin Shi" can be cut from many angles: ① Gold always shines. Zhu Ziwu is a piece of "gold". When I was young, I was energetic and brilliant, but I was buried for decades and was eclipsed. In his later years, when the country was in danger, he was entrusted with an important task and sent to the state of Qin to save the nation. ② Maxima needs Bole's discovery and support. Maxima is a candle, Bole is an orphan. If I don't fully understand and strongly recommend the candle skill, I won't have a chance to show my talent. (3) The overall situation is paramount, and the national interest is above everything else. Candlelight weapons can't be reused when they are young, which inevitably leads to resentment and dissatisfaction. But when the country was in trouble, he decided to go to Qin regardless of personal grievances. (4) the responsibility has been forgiven and tolerant of others. Facing the injustice of candle, Zheng Bo didn't show any dissatisfaction, but deeply blamed himself. He even said, "I can't use my son early, but it's my fault to be anxious to have a son." ⑤ The Art of Candles is good at rhetoric and worth learning. Different from the alarmism of strategists in the Warring States period, Candlewood's diplomatic rhetoric is euphemistic and tortuous, with rigidity in softness and overtones. In today's market economy, interpersonal communication has greatly increased, and people who are not good at words will not find their place. A material can have many uses, but first of all, you must have an analytical mind to find different meanings from the same material. At the same time, the application materials are not copied intact, but should be made according to the needs of different viewpoints, highlighting and strengthening the places related to the viewpoints in the narrative, and ignoring other irrelevant contents. If one thing can be used for multiple purposes, then one material can demonstrate several different viewpoints and explain several different problems, and then the materials in students' minds will be multiplied. Why worry about "a clever woman can't cook without rice"? Take the current financial crisis as an example. The subprime mortgage crisis originated in the United States is gradually evolving and expanding into a global financial crisis, and no country can be unaffected. This material can be used from the following angles: ① Crisis and opportunity coexist; In the face of crisis, people have different mentalities, and different mentalities will definitely determine different fates, so will people and countries. ③ Win-win cooperation: This is a global economic crisis, and no country can be "immune". To tide over the crisis, we must rely on the joint efforts and unity and cooperation of all countries. In addition, there can be different concepts such as phenomenon and essence, cause and effect.