[Basic knowledge] "Politeness" in college entrance examination questions

In the 2005 National College Entrance Examination Paper, the first volume, the second volume and the third volume all examined the use of polite terms-polite terms, polite terms and honorifics, which reflected the humanization of the Chinese examination paper and human culture, and fully reflected the requirements of socialist spiritual civilization construction.

Civilized manners need to start from life. Some common polite expressions are collected as follows to save valuable preparation time for candidates:

First of all, pleasantries

1. "annoying" and "annoying" mean consuming one's mind and spirit, and are often used when asking for help or thanking.

2. "I'm sorry" is used when asking for convenience or inviting someone.

3. "Admired for a long time", used when meeting for the first time;

"Long time no see" means long time no see. It's for reunion after a long separation.

4. "Leave" is used when the host sends the guest, and the guest asks the host not to send it out.

5. "condescending" is used to ask others to hold positions;

"commanding" means commanding.

6. "Come" is used to ask the other party to accept their invitation;

"Honor" is used to ask the other person to accept his request or gift.

7. "Disrespect" apologizes to the other party and blames yourself for being rude;

"I'm sorry" means I can't accompany each other;

"Failure to meet" apologizes to the other party for failing to meet the guests in person.

8. "Smile" is used to ask people to accept gifts.

9. "Heart collar" is used to politely refuse other people's gifts or wine and food.

10. "Nice to meet you" means it's an honor to meet each other.

Two. modest and unassuming

1. "We" is used to address things related to ourselves. Commonly used such as: "I" is used to address myself modestly; "My place" is used to humbly address where you are; "Our school" is used to humbly call our school.

2. "Thin" is used to address things related to yourself. Commonly used such as: "thin wine", which means light wine, is commonly used when entertaining guests; "Small gift" refers to a gift that is not generous, and is often used to modestly address the gift given by oneself; "My meager sensibilities", when pleading for others, modestly call yourself face-saving.

3. "Out" is used to express your opinion. Words such as "humble opinion" are often used to weigh their arguments.

4. "Guo" is used to evaluate others' behavior towards themselves. Commonly used, such as "flattery", which means excessive praise or praise, is used when the other party praises himself; "Overpraise" is an excessive compliment, which is used when the other person praises himself.

5. "Home" is used to address a person's elders or elderly relatives. Commonly used, such as "family kindness" and "family mother", are used to address their mothers; "Yan Jia" and "My Dad" are used to address a person's father; "My brother" is used to address my brother.

6. "Old" is used to address things related to yourself. Commonly used, such as "old face", is used by old people to address their faces; "Old age" and "old age" are what old people call themselves.

7. "Small" is used to address people or things related to yourself. Common examples are: "little brother", which is used to address yourself between male friends or acquaintances; "Child", call his son; "Little girl" refers to a daughter; A "small shop" is your own shop.

8. "Stupid" refers to your own articles, opinions, etc. Common examples are: "My poor pen" is used to refer to my own words or paintings; "My humble opinion" is used to weigh one's own opinions; "Clumsy work" is used to refer to one's own work.

9. "Making faces" is often used in performance skills or writing to show that you are incompetent but dare to show it.

10. "Taking the liberty" means (words and deeds) regardless of status, ability and occasion.

1 1. "Laughing" means being laughed at.

12. "Dare" means that you can't afford the hospitality, praise, etc. ).

Third, honorifics.

1. "Bye" is used for personnel exchange. Commonly used, such as "reading", is used to express reading other people's articles; "Visit" means to visit others; "Please" is used to mean to entrust others to do things; "To visit" and "to visit" are used to mean to visit others.

2. "Bao" is used to address the other party's shop, etc. Commonly used, such as "treasure land", the place used to address each other; "Baohao" is used to address the other party's shop or name.

3. "Hanging" is used by others (mostly elders or superiors) for their own behavior. Commonly used, such as "love", is used to express the other party's concern for themselves (mostly used in letters); "Asking questions" and "asking questions" are used to express others' concern and inquiry about themselves.

"Big" is used to address things related to each other. Commonly used, such as "hand", used to address each other; "masterpiece", used to refer to each other's works; "Big name" is used to address each other's reputation.

5. When your behavior involves the other person, use "wind". Commonly used, such as "inform", is used to express (inform things) to the other party; "Return" means to return (something) to the other party; "Companionship" is used to express mutual companionship.

6. "Gao" is used to refer to things related to others. Commonly used, such as: "high opinion", meaning high opinion; "Work" refers to leaving the original post to engage in a higher post; "Old age" refers to the age of the elderly; "Longevity" is used to ask the age of old people; "Gaozu" and "Gaotu" are used to address other people's disciples and students.

7. "Light" means glory and is used for the arrival of the other party. Commonly used, such as "coming", calling guests; "patronage" means that when guests arrive, merchants often welcome them.

8. "Expensive" refers to something related to the other party. Commonly used, such as "expensive work", is used to ask people what to do; "Your surname" is used to ask people what their surname is; "Your son" is used to address other people's sons (meaning blessing); "Your country" means another country; "Your school" is used to refer to another school.

9. "Hui" is an action used by the other party to treat themselves. Commonly used such as: "back to the village", which means please keep it, is mostly used for the above payment when sending other people's photos, books and other souvenirs; "patronage" means that the other party comes here, and it is mostly used for shops to give customers.

10. "Respect" is used to tell (others) when one's actions involve others, such as "warning"; "Congratulations" is used to express congratulations; "Respect for waiting" is used to express waiting; "Please" is used to express asking others to do something.

1 1. "Ling" is used to refer to relatives or people related to the other party. Commonly used, such as "Ai Ling", used to address each other's daughter; "Your son" is used to address the other person's son; "Your mother" is used to refer to each other's mother; "Your father" is used to address each other's father; "Qin Ling" is used to address each other's relatives.

12. "Please" is used to hope that the other party will do something. Commonly used are: "excuse me", which is used to ask the other party to answer questions; "Sit down" is used to ask the other person to sit down.

Synchronous practice

1. In the following sentences, the correct sentence to add some traditional polite expressions is ().

A. I have always kept the photos and gifts you gave me when I graduated.

B. There is a service desk in the lobby of our travel agency hotel. Welcome to consult.

C. Literary lovers can post works, and I will correct them one by one.

D. Xiao Wang and Xiao Zhang are high school classmates. They haven't met since graduation. When we met today, Wang Jimin Jr. said calmly, "I've heard so much about you!"

2. In the following sentences, the correct sentence to add some traditional polite expressions is ().

A. There are eight big characters written on the door of the newly opened supermarket: "Good quality and low price, welcome."

B August 12 is the 70th anniversary of your school. As the mayor, I will definitely guide you.

C. I called home the other day, and it happened that you were not in. Your father has told me about your transfer.

D. I heard that you bought a new house. I have something to do today. I will definitely visit you another day.

3. In the following sentences, the inappropriate use of additional words is ()

A. My daughter's writing level can be greatly improved. Thanks to your careful guidance, our whole family is very grateful.

B: I'm an old farmer. It's really high for me to marry you.

C, old classmate, today is your big day. I can't congratulate you because of something. I hope you appreciate my blessing.

D. The child hit you yesterday, so please forgive him for me.

In daily communication, it is a fine tradition of the Chinese nation to pay attention to the politeness of language and the elegance of wording. Please write down the following two words used in different occasions: respect, modesty and courtesy.

Example: there are guests at home, but they have something to go out. You can say "I'm going out, please wait a moment" or "I'm sorry, please wait a moment!"

(1) Visit a friend's house. When you leave home, friends and family will see you out. You can say "no need to see you off" or "please!" .

(2) I had dinner with my colleagues that day, during which you sang a song and everyone applauded. You can say "You can't sing well, which makes everyone laugh" or "You can't sing well, that's all!"

(3) A friend agrees to entrust someone with something. When you say goodbye, you can say "I'm waiting for your good news" or "I'm glad to hear from you".

The following is a message, two of which are improperly used. Please fill in the serial number on the horizontal line and correct it.

Xiao Li:

Hello!

Today, although I was very busy, I went to your class to thank you. Unfortunately, you weren't there. That's a real pity. I lost my wallet that day, and I was in a hurry. Thanks to your money, I was able to return my wallet. I am very grateful. This is a small gift (4)-a notebook. Please accept it to show my gratitude.

Wish: academic success!

Grade 3/KLOC-Class 0/2, Wang Chao

What should be revised is: change to

: change to

Wang Na is the monitor of Class 3, Grade 2, Senior High School. A few days ago, she made an appointment with director Li of the Science and Technology Museum to visit the Science and Technology Museum. However, because the school temporarily decided to take the exam on May 6, I went to talk to Director Li about changing it to the afternoon of May 5. Unfortunately, Director Li went to a meeting and couldn't come back for a while, so Wang Na had to write a note to explain. Please write a letter to curator Li in your capacity. Appropriate address, concise expression and elegant words are required. (No more than 40 words)

：

.

Wang na

May 5(th)

Reference answer

1.b ("Save" in item A means please save it, which is mostly used for upfront payment when giving other people's photos, books and other souvenirs; Item c "axe modification" is a commendatory term, which is used to ask people to modify the article; Item D "I've heard a lot about you" means I've admired you for a long time.

2. The item "coming" in item (a) and 2.(a) (b) is a commendatory term, indicating the arrival of guests; Item C "My father" is humility, calling himself his father; D item "coming" is used to ask the other party to accept their invitation)

3.c ("heart collar" is used in polite decline as a gift or dinner party for others, and the object used here is wrong)

(1) Stay (2) Laugh (3) Welcome.

5.① Delete ③ the property returned to its original owner.

6. Proper address (such as "Director Li"), concise expression (such as stating the purpose, reasons for rescheduling the visit, and need to be negotiated separately) and elegant wording (such as using words such as "your place", "your museum", "please forgive me" and "negotiation").

Reference example:

Director Li:

The visit to your museum scheduled for tomorrow can't be carried out because it is contrary to the time of the exam. We need to talk about it another time. Sorry for the inconvenience!