Shandong college entrance examination words and idioms are sincere! ! Nervous (short for jittery)

The use of idioms has almost become one of the compulsory questions in the college entrance examination, and there are many related research articles. Most of them can be attributed to the following aspects: (1) misuse of objects, such as the beautiful college entrance examination idiom "beautiful" in 19, which describes "architecture" but is used in characters, belonging to this kind of phenomenon; (2) Misuse of emotional color is a common mistake in college entrance examination idioms, which occurs almost every year, such as 1995' s A "Do whatever you want", B "Half a catty", 1997' s "flock to" and 1998' s B .. (3) The misuse of synonymous idioms has been tested in 199 1 year, 1994- year and 1998, and there are some in-depth discussions in related articles, so it is unnecessary to repeat them.

The author tries to avoid the above discussion as much as possible, and tries to make an in-depth study on the idiom use of people who have not taken the college entrance examination or passed the college entrance examination but have not studied in depth.

First, pay attention to the study of modesty idioms.

There is a modest idiom "Peng Ronghui" in the college entrance examination of 200 1, but many candidates don't know this idiom very well. Therefore, it is necessary to study this idiom deeply. Modesty, words expressing modesty, are mostly used for self-assertion, and proposers often misuse propositions by using objects. For example, "living in a branch" means "looking for a place to hide", which is a self-deprecating job-hunting term and can only be used on yourself, not on the other person.

Exodus 1: However, Mr. Wang's great help will make him feel great.

The author has collected the following humility idioms, which need our in-depth study. In order to save space, the usage of each idiom will not be explained in depth:

When you meet someone, you can only learn to be a vegetarian.

It's not worth mentioning, but it's just a few words.

Fools gain virtue, which is fresh.

Stupid birds fly first, so please take a look for yourself.

Second, pay attention to the gender study of idioms.

The gender orientation of using idioms has never appeared in the college entrance examination, so the gender study of idioms is also a bright spot in our advanced research. For example, the phrase "prime of life" refers to a woman of thirteen or fourteen. If "this boy is in the prime of life", it is a typical example of gender misuse of idioms. Idiom gender refers to female idioms, which can only be used for women, but not for men. The author also collected the following female idioms for reference:

2008 is the year of cardamom, the year of broken melon and the year of love.

Playboy, good family, small family, jade heroine

Beautiful, charming, talented and beautiful, beautiful and beautiful.

Li easy virtue was said with deep affection.

The wind in the forest waited in the boudoir for the eyes to turn slightly.

The beauty is unlucky, the charm is still there, and the wind smells like crow clothes.

Smile and act like a million square teeth.

Pipa is a sword because it does not hold the sound of warblers, swallows and poses lightly.

The national color is beautiful, the pearls are round and jade-like, and the pearls are in perfect harmony.

Third, pay attention to the use of double-interpretation idioms.

Idioms with double understanding mainly refer to two situations: one is that idioms have different meanings and different emotional colors, showing the duality of meaning and emotional colors; On the other hand, the meaning of idioms presents a double interpretation phenomenon, but the emotional color does not necessarily change with it. Candidates may only pay attention to one aspect of idiom usage, or only one aspect of emotional color, and choose the wrong answer in the college entrance examination. This idiom appears in college entrance examination questions many times.

For example, 1992 college entrance examination idiom item C "feasting" can not only describe the corrupt life of pleasure-seeking, but also describe the bustling scene of the city or entertainment place at night, which is a commendatory term; 1995 The idiom item D in the college entrance examination and the idiom item B in 2000 belong to the phenomenon of double interpretation of idioms, and the error rate of this idiom in the college entrance examination is particularly high, which should arouse our sufficient attention to the double interpretation of idioms.

The following are some idioms with double interpretations collected by the author for readers to discuss and study:

Stay put, follow the map and look forward to it.

Shortcuts to the south are inseparable.

Ride the wind and waves, scratch your ears and scratch your cheeks, call the rain and fly stars, Dai Yue

Fight to the death and shake your head like nobody's watching.

Trembling, beating about the bush, and going belly-up.

A long stream of water, six parents deny a romantic figure who is immune to himself.

I don't have the strength to penetrate the paper. I look up and see that he is my brother.

Fourthly, pay attention to the study of the phenomenon of "seeing the significance of literature generation"

Many articles have summarized the common phenomenon of misuse of the idiom "reading literature to create meaning", but they have not revealed the law of how the proposer sets the wrong options in a deeper level. The author compares the college entrance examination idioms of 1995, 1997 and 1999, such as "bearing the brunt", "empty street" and "hot spot". Idiom is a fixed phrase established by convention. We should take it as a whole and grasp its meaning from its source, structure and development as a whole. We must not take it out of context. Proposers often use one or two "dazzling" words in idioms to confuse candidates and eventually make candidates make mistakes. When we encounter such idioms, we should carefully identify them, weigh them repeatedly and make a decision. We can't scribble. Here are three examples to deeply understand this misuse:

Exodus 2: When this wonderful TV series was broadcast, almost ten thousand people were empty. People were watching the screen at home, and the streets seemed very quiet.

(1997 National College Entrance Examination Idiom D)

Candidates often only grasp the word "empty alley" in the idiom, which means that since the alley is "empty", the streets are naturally quiet and people stay at home and watch TV. Candidates think idioms are correct. In fact, it is precisely because they don't understand the source of idioms and don't understand idioms as a whole that they make mistakes. "An Empty Lane" describes a grand gathering or sensational novel scene, which comes from Su Shi's poem "Returning to Wanghailou on August 17th": "Seeing the tide, thousands of people compete for new makeup."

(Editor: Wang Chun)

Ex. 3: The price reduction of household appliances has stimulated the growth of citizens' desire for consumption, and the color TV sets that had tended to be unsalable suddenly became hot items.

(1999 National College Entrance Examination Idiom C)

Candidates probably only understand part of this idiom, or "hot" or "hot". These two components can be literally understood as "heat" or "heat", and it makes sense to substitute them into sentences.

Candidates are likely to choose the answer in a hurry. In fact, this idiom comes from two poems by Du Fu: "But power can be as hot as a flame and burn people's fingers. Beware of the prime minister and his frown." Metaphor is arrogant and powerful, which makes people afraid to approach.

Example 4: Their service quality is not satisfactory, which not only brings a lot of inconvenience to the life of community residents, but also damages the image of functional departments in the public.

(2/) College Entrance Examination in Hubei Province in 2004)

When the atmosphere in the examination room is particularly tense, candidates tend to be eager for success and grasp the literal meaning of the idiom "poor" to understand. "poor" means "dissatisfied" and is fluent in sentences, so candidates are likely to make hasty choices. In fact, "poor" means "slightly, comparatively" and "strong" means "exciting". The original intention of idioms is to stimulate people's will, and now they are generally satisfactory. Similar to the above, replacing humanistic sentences with the literal meaning of one or two words in idioms is likely to be a phenomenon of "looking at the text to create meaning". Candidates should think carefully and be cautious.

Fifth, pay attention to the research on the misuse of connotative idioms.

The misuse of connotative idioms mainly refers to the phenomenon that idioms themselves contain some meanings that may appear in sentences, but they are misused because they don't understand the meanings of idioms. In fact, they all belong to the category of misuse of meaning. For example, in 1997 college entrance examination idiom "many students", "many" means "many", but it is wrong to add "one" before this idiom, because "many" already contains quantity, and it is contradictory to add "one" to limit "many students". Another example is the idiom "make people laugh and be generous", which means "laughed at by experts". Idioms themselves contain passive people. If we say "being laughed at for generosity", it is a misuse, because we don't have a good understanding of the connotation of idioms.

Here are a few examples to explain the misuse of this idiom:

Example 5: heartfelt words: sincere words from the heart.

Tip: we can't say: heartfelt words.

Example 6: Surge: Surge: A storm that spirals sharply, riding on the storm and rising all the time.

Tip: we can't say: soar in the wind.

Ex. 7: Full bloom: used to thank others for visiting their home or for sending calligraphy and painting to their home. Peng Gan: It is short for "Pengmen Tribal Tiger".

Tip: We can't say: Your arrival has made my humble abode brilliant.

Example 8: The sun and the moon fly like a shuttle: It describes how time flies.

Tip: We can't say: Time flies.

Sixth, pay attention to the usage of idioms from the perspective of grammar.

When we learn idioms, we often learn them as isolated individuals. In fact, the proposer is likely to divert the examinee's attention and extend it to the grammatical level to examine students. Therefore, we should also consider the grammatical characteristics of idioms and their collocation, and expand the internal study of idioms to the external study of idioms.

For example, the idiom "commonplace" is not particularly strange to describe something as ordinary. Speaking from the part of speech, it is a verb phrase, but speaking from the collocation, this idiom can't take an object, can't say "something is common to someone", and even if it takes an object, it can only say "something is common". Move the object forward with adverbial.

Another example is "fantastic talk", which means "strange and unreasonable remarks". It is a noun phrase, so we can't modify nouns, but we may only grasp the words "rare" and "ancient" and mistake them for adjectives. The following example is inappropriate:

Exodus 9: Some people spread strange rumors to achieve their ulterior motives, but in the end they will only attract people's ridicule.

In addition, some idioms have common collocations. For example, "unfounded" is often said to be "not groundless", and "looking back" often denies "hard to look back". These things can only be used flexibly over time.

Seven, pay attention to the use of idioms from the perspective of context.

We should put idioms in a specific language environment, and consider whether the degree, scope, weight and context of idioms are appropriate and whether there are logical contradictions. This is a bright spot in the idiom proposition of the college entrance examination in 2002, which should arouse our sufficient attention.

Example 10: rectification is not only verbal, but also needs to be implemented in action. I believe that by the time of the next mass appraisal, everyone will be familiar with the changes in the style of government agencies.

(Item C of National College Entrance Examination in 2002)

Tip: This is well known. Generally speaking, it means "everyone praises". It seems that it can be used here, which means "everyone praises the change of organizational style" However, after careful reading, we find that this "change" can not reach the level of "building a monument to praise".

Exodus 1 1: A few cadres in party member confuse themselves with the masses and even collude with each other.

Hint: Judging from the relationship between the upper and lower sentences, "colluding with others" in this sentence belongs to "semantic overload".

Exodus 12: I went to the mall on National Day and saw the smiling eyes of the clerk.

Tip: "A pleasant face" is used to describe the face, so you can't modify "eyes", which leads to inconsistency in modification.

Combined with the law of college entrance examination proposition, this paper makes some marginal and advanced research on college entrance examination idioms from the above seven aspects in order to inspire colleagues. However, to solve the idiom problems in the college entrance examination, we should pay attention to the long-term cultural accumulation, which can not be completed overnight. The accumulation of idioms should be regarded as a systematic project, and it should be carried out in a planned and step-by-step manner from Grade One to Grade Three, so as to be a shoo-in in the examination room.

(Editor: Wang Chun)