By mastering these five steps, you can make a wonderful speech perfectly.

Having finished the types of speeches, let's continue to discuss the steps that need to be taken to speak in public. The author summarizes that the general process of speech mainly includes the following five links (see Figure 2-2):

Before making a speech, we should first think about a very important question: why do you want to make this speech? What is the main purpose of this speech?

Generally speaking, according to the different effects of the speech, there are about four purposes of the speech (see Figure 2-3):

1 Answer, this is the speech that the speaker needs to answer the occasion. For example, when attending a party, the friends meet offline for the first time, and everyone needs to introduce themselves to everyone; For another example, when attending a banquet, as an invited guest, you need to make a public speech; For another example, every winner needs to say a few words when walking on the red carpet of the award ceremony; Wait a minute.

Speech knowledge, also called informing, is a speech made by the speaker in order to let the audience know some information.

I want to let the audience know some information through the speech. For example, about the knowledge of physical objects, the tour guide tells tourists what scenic spots are worth visiting, and the product manager demonstrates the juice making process of the juicer to the company customers; For another example, regarding the concept of knowledge, overseas experts explain the cultural differences between China and the West to senior high school students who are preparing to study abroad, and human resources managers explain the scoring methods in the new performance appraisal scheme to employees; Wait a minute.

Persuasion, that is, the speaker wants to change the audience's views through his own speech. For example, regarding the persuasion of fact clarification, a star told reporters through a press conference that he was doing public welfare activities instead of speculating himself. For another example, regarding the persuasion of concept change, respiratory experts explain to the audience the health benefits after quitting smoking in public welfare lectures; For another example, regarding the persuasion of action execution, the marketing director of a company explained to the agent at the investment promotion meeting why buying his company's products is the best choice; Wait a minute.

4 say win; That is, the speaker wants to prove his ability through his speech and hopes to win the ranking. For example, in order to improve his speaking ability, the speaker participated in the patriotic speech activities organized by the Municipal Education Bureau with the theme of "commemorating Qu Yuan"; For another example, in order to get an ideal position, new employees participated in a competition organized by the company's human resources department with the theme of "If I am a team leader"; Wait a minute.

Among the four kinds of speech purposes listed above, because the specific purpose is different, the audience you face is also different. For example, if you make a competitive speech, your main audience is almost all leaders who are higher than you; For another example, if you give a welcome speech to freshmen, your audience is almost all students below your level.

Generally speaking, in public speaking, the speaker must quickly find out the topics that are easy to arouse the audience's interest, which is conducive to creating a good speech atmosphere and making his speech more incisive and vivid. Otherwise, you will be cut and even bring shame to yourself.

So, what can I do to make my speech more attractive? The answer is, we must focus on the audience and talk about topics of interest to the audience; What can I do to tell the topic that the audience is interested in? The answer is that we must know the audience.

Since understanding the audience is so important to the speech, let's continue to explain the characteristics of the audience.

It can be said that in all your public speeches, except a few (such as competitive speeches, etc. ), you only represent yourself, more often, you represent the views and interests of a certain group. And the different groups you face in each speech will have different characteristics. According to its main characteristics, we can divide it into cultural groups, status groups, occupational groups, age groups, geographical groups and so on.

1 cultural groups

People in different cultural circles have different diets, ways of doing things and even values. For example, in terms of diet, Central Asians influenced by Islamic culture do not eat pork. If you face a group of Muslims, you can't say that pork is too nutritious. Similarly, South Asians influenced by Indian culture generally do not eat beef. If you face many Indians, you can't say that beef is too delicious. For another example, regarding values, westerners advocate individualism, and the English word "I (I)" is capitalized everywhere; East Asians advocate collectivism, and "I" means to hold my brother tightly with both hands so as not to be too sharp-edged. So don't put too much emphasis on individualism when speaking to East Asians.

2 status groups

Lead to different social status in different groups. Someone once joked that measuring the social status of a certain group depends on the order of this group in the eyes of girls. For example, in the era of planned economy, the sons of poor and middle peasants were easy to find objects, and there was a great demand for soldiers, especially officers; In the era of market economy, it is officials and bosses who are the love of girls.

At present, there is a concept in society that we should pay attention to the disadvantaged groups. Therefore, for the speaker, it is necessary to find out whether the audience under the stage belongs to the strong group or the weak group in society. As a guest speaker, you should not be cocky and pity the disadvantaged groups with the attitude of savior; Nor can we over-praise the values of the strong groups and impose these values on the weak groups.

Three occupational groups

In different professional groups, because each member is often in the same environment, engaged in the same work, but also have some of the same knowledge background, way of thinking, values and so on. Therefore, they all have some common topics and concerns; There are still some similar problems to be solved; There are some similar needs that need social response. As a guest speaker, if you can talk about the same topic of interest to a professional group in a short time, your speech will easily arouse the audience's * * * and quickly push it to a climax.

4 age groups

Because each era has its own characteristics, people who grow up in each era also show great differences in behavior, attitude towards life and values. Their pursuit of career, work, financial management, feelings, family, sex, health and entertainment are also different. Their thirst for knowledge, sense of responsibility and outlook on wealth are also quite different. Therefore, people of different ages in each era also have different troubles and puzzles, and also have their own opinions and different thinking about things. For example, 1988 65438+ 10/3 At the "Youth Education Experts and Shekou Youth Symposium" held in China Merchants Building in Shekou, an expert mentioned in his speech that a person came to Shenzhen for the purpose of cashing in the wealth created by others. This is a very small number of gold diggers, and such gold diggers are not welcome in the SAR. But I didn't expect that a young man in Shekou here thought that the "gold digger" didn't break the law and didn't care whether he made money or not. The direct motive of "gold digger" coming to Shekou is to make money, but objectively it has also contributed to the construction of Shekou, so there is nothing wrong with "gold digger". What is even more unexpected is that another young man in Shekou retorted that the ideas of the three teachers have no market in Shekou. The expression of love for the motherland should be realistic, not empty, false or empty. We expressed our love for our motherland with our own labor. We have worked ourselves, and we should also enjoy the fruits of our labor.

As can be seen from the example just now, due to the age gap, it is easy to create an ideological generation gap. Therefore, people born after 90, 80, 70 and 60 must speak in different ways.

The speaker should not only know what specific group the audience is, but also know some specific questions of the audience before the speech, so as to better design your speech strategy and achieve the expected effect of the speech. These specific problems are as follows: 10.

What are the expectations of the organizers of 1?

After receiving the invitation, the speaker need not be afraid or embarrassed. The speaker should take the initiative to ask the organizer: Why did you choose me to speak? What do you need me to say? What red lines can't be touched? Although the speaker should stick to his own principles and cannot fully meet the requirements of the organizer, it is beneficial for the speaker to know more information.

Do listeners often participate in speech activities?

Now the audience is well informed, because TV programs such as "I am an orator" and "Super orator" abound, and various reading reports and economic forums are springing up around them. So as a guest speaker, you must know whether the audience you are facing belongs to the "listening bully" who loves to learn. If you are a person who often attends some reports, forums and salons, you'd better be careful what you say, because they are all people who have seen the world and are very picky.

Has the audience ever heard of a similar topic?

If not, so much the better! If so, as a guest speaker, you should be careful. At this time, you must know in detail: Who has talked about this topic? What's the point? What impression did you leave on the audience at that time? Is this information of great reference value to you who are about to give a speech? If your speech is nothing new by comparison and you can't surpass others in some aspects, then I think giving up is the best choice.

Are there any heavyweights in the audience?

Before giving a speech, you need to know: Are there any government executives in the audience? Business tycoon? Academic celebrities? Or celebrities in other industries? For example, the stars in the entertainment circle and so on. For the presence of these important people, as a guest speaker, you should thank them for coming before the speech anyway, especially mentioning their names and titles; For an important person, you need to give an appropriate explanation for his help, support and support.

What is the educational background of the audience?

People with different educational backgrounds, such as high school students, college students and graduate students, have different knowledge, different knowledge systems and concept systems, and different understandings. Even the same college student has different understandings of things because of different majors. Therefore, as a guest speaker, understanding these situations will help them to use the language they can understand and cite examples they can understand to discuss their views.

What is the political position of the audience?

In public speaking, as a guest speaker, you usually don't discuss political topics. However, when talking about economic development, reform and opening up, and the relationship between enterprises and the government, political topics will inevitably be involved. For example, as a deputy to the National People's Congress, the chairman of a real estate company speaks at NPC. Does he represent the interests of his own company? Or represent the interests of all peers in the real estate industry? Or represent the interests of the broad masses of the people in society? This problem deserves the speaker's serious consideration. Generally speaking, it is better for the speaker to speak on behalf of the interests of the country and the government, and the effect may be better.

What's the audience?

The number of people determines the size of the venue, and the number of people witnesses the speaker's ability to control the venue. Generally speaking, there is a difference in the choice of speech methods between a 20-person venue and a 200-person venue. When the number of speakers is small, speakers can close the distance with the audience through interactive questions, and even keep them with constant patrols and enthusiastic eyes. But if the number is large, it is impossible for the speaker to take care of every audience. At this time, you need more vivid stories, rhyming jokes, jokes related to the theme and passionate voices to attract the audience and keep them in their seats.

What problems do the audience need to solve?

Generally speaking, the audience can't all be bored, just to kill time to listen to your speech. On the contrary, some listeners listen to your speech under the stage with questions, and they always expect you to give perfect answers to their questions. For example, perhaps their sales performance is not ideal enough, and they urgently need guidance; Maybe they are at the crossroads of their lives, confused and in urgent need of a person's guidance; Maybe they are facing fierce employment competition and want to get a good way to keep their jobs; Wait a minute. Therefore, in order to avoid the embarrassing scene of scratching your head and saying nothing, as a guest speaker, you'd better consider some possible questions and answers to them before speaking.

What is the audience most interested in?

The modern media industry is very developed and the speed of information transmission is very fast, which leads to people's interest becoming very extensive and they know a lot about all kinds of information. Therefore, as a guest speaker, it is really not easy for you to identify the interests of the audience. However, you can't do it without looking. Because after finding the interests of most listeners, your speech will be "organized and wonderful."

10 What do listeners feel most proud of?

What is the most proud of the audience? What is their status, identity, occupation and education? Or do they work for Fortune 500 companies? Or have you won any group awards? Or in the first-tier cities where the seasons are like spring? Things like this may make the audience proud. And these are just the starting points for the speaker to enter the speech. The speaker should not only understand this, but also make good use of this starting point. For example, when you come to Xi 'an to give a speech, you ask the audience, "Hello, friends! Do you know that city is the first ancient capital of China? " Then you can easily bring the audience's emotions into your speech atmosphere.

After determining the purpose of the speech and understanding the relevant situation of the audience, we should draw up an outline and write a speech.

Lecture notes are also called speeches, speeches, etc. They were written in the preparatory stage of the speech.

Why write a speech? Because the speech is the basis of making a speech and the success of the speech (of course, impromptu speeches on special occasions do not need to be written in advance, except in this case). Generally speaking, writing a speech is an important part of participating in speech activities; In a special sense, the writing of speeches is of great help to the training of speech thinking mode. In more detail, the speech has the following six functions:

1 Sort out the speaker's thoughts. If it is an impromptu speech, it may happen that the speaker says where he wants to go. However, if you write a manuscript first and then give a speech, it will make the speaker calm down and slowly conceive his own speech, which will make the content of the speech orderly and clear.

2 improve the speaker's writing style. Because speech writing itself is a kind of speech writing method, and it is a process from speaking to writing and then from writing to speaking. In this process, the speaker needs to strategize on the layout of the article and carefully choose words, which invisibly improves his writing ability and promotes his writing level.

3 eliminate the speaker's fear. Because some speakers, especially those who are speaking for the first time, are prone to fear and stage fright when speaking in front of a large audience. But if he has already written the speech and memorized it, he will have a solid mind and be able to speak easily.

4 can play the role of a hint. Although in most cases, the speaker doesn't need to read the speech at the same time. But some speakers always like to go on stage with their speeches, because they are worried that they will forget the words in their speeches. So in this way, the speech can play the role of prompting the content of the speech, making the speech go smoothly and avoiding the phenomenon of "jam" and "stuttering".

5 be able to master the speech time. If it is an impromptu speech, the speaker may not be able to control the time and progress of his speech. But if you can write your speech in advance, things will be easy. Because this can depend on the total number of words in the speech and where it should be written.

After the speech is written and revised, the speaker's next job is to practice loudly and repeatedly. This link can also be subdivided into the following four steps:

1 I have seen it many times. First, look for some words with pronunciation problems in the speech, and then read them aloud. And this kind of reading refers to reading aloud repeatedly until the speech is memorized. Of course, if you are a battle-hardened speaker, you just need to read it well and remember it, instead of memorizing it all.

2 intonation design. Generally speaking, set the emotional tone for the whole speech first. For example, emotional type (mainly in flat tone), passionate (mainly in high tone), lyrical (mainly in depressed tone) and sensational (mainly in tortuous tone). Then consider what needs to be marked in a very lethal tone throughout the speech. For example, pause, stress, drawl, vibrato, empty voice, screaming, crying, etc.

3 gesture design. When making a speech, you can't do without gestures, and you can't keep gesturing. Generally speaking, a speech of 10 minutes has at most 15 gestures, including one-handed gestures and two-handed gestures. What gesture should I add? The author's view is: first, according to the needs of the content. For example, when you say "I believe in the future even though I have been cheated by life for a thousand times", you'd better add an upturned gesture (palm up, pointing forward). Because this gesture can best reflect the meaning of this sentence. Secondly, according to the power of emotion. For example, finger gesture, palm gesture and fist gesture can be used to express emphasis, but please note that fist gesture is the most lethal of these three gestures. Therefore, we'd better choose the boxer's gesture.

4 expression design. The so-called sound and emotion, refers to the beautiful voice, rich expression, that is, the voice and expression are excellent. Therefore, in the speech, deadpan is not appropriate, and you need to design your own expression. Generally speaking, when you are touching, you use a sad expression; When you make a generous speech, you use a firm expression; When you speak, you smile ... In short, the key part of the speech that best reflects the speaker's inner world and personal attitude must be marked with the type of expression.

More than 5 drills. Rehearse speech notes marked with intonation, gestures and expressions many times. It is best to practice in a place similar to the environment of the speech. If you can, you'd better find some good friends as listeners and ask them to give some constructive suggestions.

When my trial lecture was affirmed by my friends, a formal speech followed.

Although you have made full preparations in advance, you are still quite nervous on the day of the real speech. Why are you suddenly nervous? Because the scene is big and there are many people, everyone looks at you, which stimulates your sympathetic nerve and increases adrenaline secretion, so there are phenomena such as pallor, accelerated heartbeat, accelerated breathing and sweaty palms.

However, please rest assured! These are all normal phenomena. If you are not nervous at all, it is a bad thing. Because people can play their best under certain pressure and a little bit nervous.

So, at this time, you don't want your wife to care about your nervousness. But in order to get you into the speech state faster, make your performance more handy and make your performance more remarkable, according to my experience, I suggest you go to the bathroom first, wash your face with cold water, and then jump up in the same place for 5-7 times to make your body more excited and make your performance want to reach the peak. If you can, you can also go to the audience before the speech and greet them like old friends.

It won't take long to make you nervous before giving a speech. It will be your turn to go on stage soon. After you start a formal speech, you must pay attention to your point of view and audience, not the way you present it. Why ask for it? Because when you focus on the audience, you will naturally forget your nervousness.

That's not enough. You must also take the initiative to make eye contact with the audience and carefully observe the changes in the audience's expressions. Through the audience's expressions, you will know which audience is listening with relish and which audience is simply absent-minded at this time. You can't pay attention to the absent-minded audience. In that case, you will become more and more bored. You should pay attention to the fascinated audience and actively ask him questions. With the help of your conversation, everyone's emotions will be fully mobilized. 15-minute speech If there are 2-3 interactions, your speech will be good and won't look dry again.

Generally speaking, after each speech, it is necessary to make a summary immediately, and this time interval should not be too long. For example, it is not appropriate to give a speech this afternoon and summarize it the day after tomorrow. It should be after the speech this afternoon, and the summary must be made within two hours. Because the shorter the time interval, the clearer the memory.

What should be summarized? The author's experience is:

First of all, summarize the shortcomings. For example, places that are not fully prepared cause the jam on the spot; Which link does not interact, causing the scene to be deserted; Or because the object of the question is not suitable, the topic of the speech has not been dug deep; Or because the wheat was not tested beforehand, the voice was too low at the beginning of the speech. Wait a minute.

Then, summarize the successes. For example, because today's performance was more in place and that paragraph was more brilliant, it got a full house of laughter and applause; Because the interactive link was well designed and the audience actively participated, the scene was almost out of control; Because I was too involved in telling my past stories, I cried not only myself but also the audience. Wait a minute.

In short, both the lessons of failure and the experiences of success need to be written down one by one, so that we can read them frequently in the future.