Cultural pulse: "Cultural criticism, what can I do to save you?"

Crossing and alienation in the era of "leading" Photo courtesy of the people The State Administration of Radio, Film and Television issued a document, taking seriously the "crossing" in radio and television. People like culture, and cultural criticism is obviously an extremely complicated concept. The level of cultural criticism is related to the ability of a country and a nation to observe, reflect and develop its culture. However, it is precisely because of the all-encompassing complexity and inclusiveness of this concept that it is also a difficult topic to define and avoid in our social life. It is worth noting that, due to the lack of cultural criticism, Weibo, gag programs, pan-entertainment stage and theoretical journals of power rent-seeking are obscuring mainstream criticism and converging into new discourse positions. 1. The new cultural poverty hangs over the pan-entertainment of critical cultural criticism, and critics tend to be red envelopes, and the criticism carrier expands in disorder. "I'm not RMB. Why does everyone like me?" ! ""people don't make me, I'm not a prisoner; If people offend me, comity three points; If people force me again, I'll give you an injection; People still commit crimes against me and root out the root causes. " "In view of the rising domestic oil prices, the state has decided to set up a new oil-producing enterprise to break the monopoly and curb oil prices. At present, there are four refined oil producers: PetroChina, Sinopec, CNOOC and China waste oil. This is a popular "Zhou Libo's Quotations" on the screen and on the Internet. The theme of quotations is scattered, and the center of gravity is shifted. "There is no style, only tone" and "words are not surprising and endless". However, these quotations, pieced together by a huge behind-the-scenes team with popular online jokes, quickly became popular because they brought together all the "bridges" of society, life and emotion around them-ridicule, spoof, social emotions, human chaos, gossip, fashion and vicious incidents. It is undeniable that due to the lack of cultural criticism, Weibo, gag programs, pan-entertainment stage, and theoretical journals of power rent-seeking are obscuring mainstream criticism and converging into new discourse positions. " Everyone is a news agency and everyone has a microphone. "The high development of science and technology has changed the way information is published, so that everyone has the right to publish information equally, so that some people exclaim," In this era, even discussing the Internet seems a bit outdated! "According to CNNIC statistics, the total number of Internet users in China reached 457 million in 20 10, and the total number of mobile phone users in 20110 was 889 million-in the public opinion field of"1300 million microphones ",the formation mechanism and communication mechanism of public opinion in China. The all-media era is an era of "attention economy". In the field of new media with ever-expanding boundaries, attention is attracted by "noise". If you can't make a sharp cultural judgment in time, you can only rely on the "different voices" of "taking the lead". However, the fact is that cultural criticism is rampant and seriously lacking, and cultural theory is complex, rich and quite lacking. In the gradual loss of cultural criticism, "opinion" leaders with high "different voices" are occupying the beach. " A new type of cultural poverty hangs over all kinds of criticisms, which are as flashy and poor in content as promotional advertisements. "A netizen asked," Cultural criticism, what can I do to save you? "The loss of cultural criticism is not only widely questioned by cultural circles, but also deeply criticized by critics." The development of cultural criticism is restricted by many factors. There is an abnormal tendency, that is, some cultural criticisms are not aimed at pursuing truth, but more focused on certain needs. "Tao Dongfeng, a professor at Capital Normal University, believes that there are two extreme phenomena in cultural criticism that deserve people's consideration-one is excessive flattery and the other is blind abuse. Excessive flattery is undoubtedly not enough. Blindly cursing, equating criticism with scolding, stabbing in the cold, punching in the cold, and group fighting are equally harmful. Cultural criticism is originally a research method of analyzing literature with the help of culturology or exploring culture with the help of texts. Regrettably, however, the vogue, marginalization, colloquialism, prose, documentary and vulgarization of cultural criticism, as well as the absence, absence, aphasia, nonsense and disorderly expansion of critics on major cultural phenomena, make the criticism carrier slide to the media, slogans, red envelopes and core publications, which is an important reason why cultural criticism loses its vitality and cultural taste, and loses readers and applause. Some people hit the nail on the head and said that the more culture there is, the less culture there is in the whole society. " Today's culture is not only a superficial excitement, but also an obvious cultural abuse. When everything can be crowned with culture, in fact, culture has almost been eliminated Qian Wenzhong, a professor at Fudan University, thinks. So is cultural criticism. When aphasia and nonsense become the norm, comments will gradually lose their independent character, and even be "employed" in commercial interests, shouting at people, speculating in disguise, grabbing eyeballs, creating selling points, and culture will no longer exist with dignity. 2. Beware of "group blindness" and "information cocoon room". If information aggregation and cultural judgment are improper, people will soon lose their rationality and the crowd will soon become a rabble. The appearance of Weibo greatly lowered the threshold of speech, and the mobile terminal made it easier to publish such speech. In the era of information explosion and media expansion, there are many voices and mixed opinions. The expression of "opinions" and "breaking the ground" of "opinions" leaders not only become a new entrance to the information world, but also dominate the value judgments of hundreds of millions of fans, thus affecting the concepts and attitudes of social life. It cannot be ignored that Weibo is not only a media and entertainment tool, but its great potential is being tapped. When Weibo's "Viewpoint" channel is becoming a battleground for Internet companies' "enclosure movement", hundreds of millions of fans are actually controlled by some interest groups. "Weibo's role and commercial value are based on the successful operation of a Weibo. Imagine, if your fans in Weibo are' few' and there are few followers, how can you achieve results? " A researcher named Shi Guangqi wrote. For example, on Twitter, Dell's @DellOutlet, a Weibo that specializes in clearing positions at preferential prices, has nearly 1.5 million followers; Personal computers, computer accessories and software sold through this channel earned Dell more than $6.5 million. It is worth noting that in an era of information overload, people drift with the flow of information, and it is easy for them to return to the prejudice in the era of information blockade. Cultural judgment is easily influenced and can be imitated-86 years ago, Mr. Lu Xun wrote his basic judgment with the help of his short stories: China people's psychology of seeking common ground is too heavy, which is easy to form cultural blindness, thus shouting: "Declare war on the people!" "In a world where correct opinions and rumors are increasingly difficult to distinguish, the efforts of many people to get together online may be the best way to realize information utopia." Keith Sunstein, director of the White House Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs and a former professor at Harvard Law School, said. Sunstein compiled the research results of the information society for many years into a book "Information Utopia", in which he reminded everyone that in the all-media era, we must be alert to the influence of "group blindness" and "information cocoon room". In the torrent of information, group decision-making is often unable to "cooperate with Qi Xin" and "express their opinions". Instead, they often follow the crowd for various reasons. Especially on the Internet, when a certain voice becomes the mainstream, many people may not delve into its rationality, but try their best to keep themselves consistent with the values of most people, thus leading to "group blind obedience". At the same time, in the torrent of information, it is easy for people to only pay attention to the people and things they are interested in, and only follow the sounds that smell similar to themselves, so they get into trouble. He is very optimistic about the potential of human beings to accumulate information and use knowledge to improve our lives, but he is also worried. If information aggregation and cultural judgment are improper, people will soon lose their rationality, and "the crowd will soon become a mob." Neil Pozmann, a famous cultural critic, said, "Some people once thought that we would be destroyed by what we hate. "no!" In the vulgar culture where culture becomes sensory stimulation, desire and random games, "we will be destroyed by what we love". This "thing we love" is "excessive entertainment" and "pan-entertainment". "News, culture, sports and business are all willing to be vassals of entertainment, so we have become a species of' entertainment to death'. 3. A small step for culture and a big step for freedom. Cultural criticism is related to the imagination resources of the nation and the eternal value judgment of mankind. " The night gave me black eyes, but I used them to look for light. "In the 1970s, Gu Cheng recited in a poem. For today's more pluralistic, open and inclusive era, aren't critics the eyes that guide the cultural circles to a bright future? From the perspective of discipline origin and knowledge pedigree, cultural criticism born in 1980s has special historical background and cultural value. Cultural criticism originated from Frankfurt School, which integrates the ideological and theoretical resources such as linguistics, semiotics, structuralism, narratology, psychoanalysis and cultural anthropology. It is a new understanding of the complex relationship between politics, economy, culture and society in cultural and ideological circles. In this sense, the research method of cultural criticism is far away from the trivial separation of literary text, narrative, figurative meaning, symbol, prototype, style, signifier, signified and rhythm, and from the abstract grasp of artistic forms and techniques. Its existence value lies in that it pays more attention to human nature, daily life, cultural industry, cultural market, popular culture and the present, practice, aesthetics and significance recognition of China's modernization model. Criticism and creation are general, and the questioning and presentation of the charm of heaven and earth is related to fate, situation, emotion, body, ethics and breaking the precepts, to the national imagination resources, and to the basic values of mankind ... "Lu Xun, vice president of the School of Literature and critic Shi wrote affectionately. Understanding culture, loving truth, being smart and capable, distinguishing right from wrong and attaching importance to historical knowledge are undoubtedly the qualities that an excellent cultural critic should possess. Starting from this source and these qualities, we can build a bright city of cultural judgment. Judging from the usage of Chinese, "criticism" at least includes "criticism" and "comment". Qian Wenzhong believes that "criticism" is not criticism, but China's traditional reading method, that is, trying to make himself calm and rational "annotation". This is the channel and way to acquire knowledge and express opinions in China's traditional cultural system. "Comment", we need to pay special attention to the word "Ping". Words, tone and attitude should be calm, especially to avoid going to extremes for grandstanding. Critics should always remind themselves that the life of criticism is a process of striving for justice, fairness and peace. "Every small step in human culture is a big step towards freedom." As Engels pointed out, cultural prosperity in history is always accompanied by positive criticism. Culture is prosperous, the road is smooth, and the era of criticizing health is bound to be an era of cultural prosperity. Compared with the past, cultural criticism has a more tolerant space today. How to live up to this space, actively maintain the purity of culture and criticism, and actively resist the temptation of human feelings, business, fame and fortune is a problem worthy of cultural workers' deep thinking. The ever-changing times have created a character with changeable culture. Whether it is the promotion of scientific and technological means, the reform of cultural system, the diversification of information resources or the opening of public opinion platform, China culture is in the best era of unprecedented development and construction. The value of positive and healthy cultural criticism lies in that critics should not only wander in the spotlight of the cultural stage, but also trudge on the boundary of cultural thought and the peak of human spirit. Today's era is an era of cultural prosperity and development. At this important historical turning point, the stricter our constraints on critics, the higher their self-discipline, and the greater their cultural responsibilities. Critics should standardize the rules and styles of cultural criticism by interacting with cultural works, cultural products and cultural environment, and predict the future development prospect and direction of China culture. Although the cultural criticism in the "transformation" has lost its brilliance and edge in the 1980s, it should be affirmed that since the 1990s, cultural criticism has been advancing in self-reflection and the pace has become more and more firm. Wu Yiqin, executive deputy director of the China Museum of Modern Literature, believes that many serious critics have been conscientiously sticking to the front line of cultural criticism. On the road of cultural criticism, their pace is firm and calm, and their reflection is severe and profound. This shows the hope of China's cultural criticism and China's culture.