Are there any particles smaller than quarks?

There should be, but it has not been discovered.

Currently superstring theory believes that the magnitude of vibrating strings is smaller than that of quarks, and only not much smaller than that of atomic nuclei. For example, a proton or neutron is made up of three quarks and gluons connected together. It can be seen that quarks are not much smaller than the nucleus of an atom. The mass of an electron is 1/1836 of a proton or neutron, which should be small enough;

There is also a hot topic in physics in recent years, that is, neutrinos, which pass through the body in tens of thousands per second We don’t know about billions of them because it is too small, so small that it may have no mass (some scientists say it is one millionth of the mass of an electron). Compared with quarks, which are smaller than it, they can only be defeated;

< p>Gluon. It is theoretically predicted that there are ***8 kinds of particles that transmit strong interactions between quarks, with a static mass of 0, a spin of 1, and a color charge. The electromagnetic interaction between charged particles is achieved by exchanging photons; similarly, the strong interaction between quarks with color charge is achieved by exchanging gluons. The difference is that photons have no charge and the photons themselves It cannot emit or absorb photons. Gluons have color charges. There are also strong interactions between gluons. Gluons themselves can emit or absorb gluons.

Quark: The phrase "Three quarks for Muster Mark" that Gellman took from James Joyce's novel "Finnegan's All Night". Quark has several meanings in the book, one of which is the sound of a seabird. He believes that this fits his original peculiar idea that "elementary particles are not fundamental and basic charges are not integers." At the same time, he also points out that this is just a joke, which is a rebellion against the pretentious scientific language.