Junior high school English grammar

First, to learn English well, you must calm down and accumulate over time, and you must not be eager for quick success.

Be sure to calm down and start accumulating word by word. Listen more, speak more and read more. If you persist for many years, you will certainly gain something. Because the time spent learning a foreign language is directly proportional to the proficiency in the language, it can also be said that the proficiency in listening, speaking, reading, writing and translating of any foreign language is accumulated over time. There is a proverb in English: Rome was not built in a day. This is a fact.

Second, to learn English well, we must cultivate interest in English, so as to build confidence.

The sentence "Interest is the best teacher" is correct in English learning. How to cultivate this interest? First of all, we must admit that English is one of the most beautiful languages in the world. When learning English at ordinary times, we should pay more attention to her beauty, rationality and vividness, and we should not always stare at what makes you feel uncomfortable and what makes you feel difficult to understand. Looking at a problem from another angle can often completely change your view of a thing. In addition, you can watch more English jokes or humorous sketches at ordinary times, and enjoy the vividness, humor and wit of English in laughter, so that you will gradually like this language invisibly. Over time, the more you like, the more you love learning, and the more you love learning, the more you like it, and it will soon form a virtuous circle. When people reach this level, mastering this language is just around the corner.

Third, make a detailed study plan to help you overcome laziness.

If you really want to learn English well, you should make a detailed study plan, which should be divided into two parts: long-term and phased. Long-term planning can set a goal for yourself and strive to achieve it. After the phased plan is completed, we can constantly gain a sense of accomplishment, which can inspire us to continue to work towards long-term goals.

These suggestions are for students' reference only. There is an English proverb: no pains, no gains. Chinese means "no pains, no gains". www.vneen.com

Specific methods of English learning-"Listening, writing, speaking, remembering and thinking" ......

1. "Listen" and "Write"

Listen to a recorded content several times first, and listen if you don't understand it. Understand the main idea first, separate the paragraph from the sentence, and then listen to it again and again. Find out how many words a sentence consists of, what role each word plays in the sentence, and what words are subject, predicate and object. Every time you listen, write the words you understand one by one on paper in order and arrange them into sentences. Leave the words you don't understand blank first. For people with low English listening level, there are so many things that they don't understand at first, and sometimes they are even afraid that they don't know how many things they don't understand. In this case, only by writing the words you understand can you figure out how much you don't understand.

For the new words you encounter, you must hear them and imitate the recording to pronounce them correctly, so that you can accurately grasp the pronunciation of each syllable. Because only by mastering the pronunciation of each syllable accurately and reading it out, it is possible to try to spell some words according to grammar and pronunciation knowledge and look them up in the dictionary. Because the correct answer often needs to be searched repeatedly, it is necessary to "write one line and leave two lines blank" during dictation, leaving enough room for repeated revision. In order to correct incorrect spelling, when you have any doubt, you should look up the dictionary and mark the new words and wrong spelling with colored pens.

Don't talk about words that can't be dictated. Once you can't dictate, stop the tape recorder and stop dictation. You should continue to dictate and put the words you can't dictate into the overall content of the article to understand. It is often puzzling to pick out a word in isolation, but if you understand it in connection with the whole sentence and the whole news, your mind will be broadened and you will often know what part of speech it is and how to spell it.

Sometimes the same new word appears in many places in the recording, and one place is unclear or incomprehensible. You can play first and see if you can get inspiration from other places. Because maybe the recording elsewhere is very clear, or you can understand it in other words. In the process of dictation, uncertain words should be "written" first, and then checked and corrected during dictation. When the same news is broadcast by different announcers at different times, it is helpful to know the pronunciation of some difficult words because of different intonations.

"Listening" and "writing" are not completely separated. For beginners whose English level is not high, dictation of a recording can not be completed at one time, but it can only be completed through the mutual promotion, mutual inspiration and alternating promotion of "listening" and "writing" for many times.

From the perspective of learning English, beginners must listen and write at the beginning. If you just listen and don't write, there may be the following two situations. First, I missed some words that I couldn't listen to and lost the opportunity to learn and improve; Second, when you have words you don't understand, if you just listen and don't write, you may not understand no matter how many times you listen to them. However, if you write down what you understand on paper, the contents before and after are connected. After thinking about it, you may repeatedly understand some other contents until you fully understand them.

Words that cannot be inferred from the speaker due to serious noise interference can be supplemented according to grammar. Suppose you are the author of this news, and what words should be used where you can't hear clearly. Maybe the words filled in are incorrect, but they are better than empty words. Moreover, with the increase of listening time and the improvement of English, it is possible for you to find and correct them yourself.

2. "Say" and "recite"

After dictation, learn to speak. The way is: listen to one person and say one yourself. When learning "speaking", try to use an electronic tape recorder that can repeat a recorded content, determine the length of learning "speaking" according to your own level, and try to "speak" a complete sentence.

The process of learning "Shuo" can be divided into two steps: the first step is "comparative reading", that is, recording the pronunciation of "Shuo" you have learned and comparing it with the standard pronunciation on the tape to see what you have learned, and so on until you can imitate and say the correct pronunciation in general; The second reading is synchronized with the sound on the tape.

Learn to "say" and "recite". Read aloud a recorded dictation record over and over again until you can basically recite it. Memory plays a great role in improving listening. For example, news broadcasts in Special English have certain formats and sentence patterns. After remembering news for a period of time, you will be familiar with its style and common sentence patterns, and it will be easier to understand new content, sometimes even surpassing the speaker's voice. After listening to the first few words of a sentence, you can say the following words in advance, or you can say the next sentence in advance after listening to the previous sentence. At this point, the tension of dictation is reduced or basically eliminated. As soon as the mood is relaxed, the level can be displayed, and the understanding can be understood.

"thinking"

If the previous four learning links of "listening, writing, speaking and remembering" highlight the spirit of "hard work", then the link of "thinking" is mainly how to "do it skillfully" on the basis of "hard work", that is, to be a "serious person" and be good at thinking in the whole learning process. The content of "Xiang" has the following three aspects:

The first is to think about whether the learning progress is appropriate, whether the knowledge learned is solid, and whether it meets the learning requirements put forward in this book. As I said before, since the study progress is controlled by myself, I wonder if those who do not belong to the Party will speed up their study progress. Because there is no objective assessment, even if she doesn't learn deeply, Toya thinks she has learned well. Therefore, in the whole learning process, especially in the basic stage, we should always tell ourselves "slow down, slow down."

References:

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We all know that English is an important course, and everyone wants to learn it well. So, how to learn English well? Is there any way? I think—

First of all, listen before you speak.

English is a language, and the best way to learn is to keep using: 1 and learn to listen to others; 2. Speak boldly to others.

Imagine how a person who doesn't understand can talk to others. Therefore, in learning English, we must improve ourselves by listening and test ourselves by speaking. Listen to what you hear and find opportunities to show off to your classmates, friends and teachers; When you feel the joy of success, it once made you feel that the sentence patterns and texts of let's do will suddenly become kind and meaningful.

To "hear", the first and most important thing is to listen to authentic language materials, imitate their pronunciation and intonation, understand their conversation scenes, and talk to real foreigners! I heard that you should pay attention to the following two points:

First, choose the right tape and choose the one with appropriate difficulty; Time should be guaranteed, at least half an hour every day. It should be said that listening to pure and authentic pronunciation and intonation is a feeling of enjoyment.

Second, listen and speak sentence by sentence. Don't worry, listen and speak again and again until you understand every word and speak every sentence well. In fact, practicing listening and speaking can kill three birds with one stone: it not only consolidates language knowledge, improves listening level, but also realizes colloquialism. Why not do it?

"Listening" and "speaking" promote each other and cannot be neglected. Listen and speak more. Only in this way can knowledge become ability. The key is to apply what you have learned and persevere. If you can do this, then I believe you will be able to practice extraordinary listening and speak fluent and authentic English.

Second, keep up with reading and writing.

While emphasizing "listening and speaking", we also pay attention to the expansion of reading volume and the improvement of reading ability. The improvement of reading ability and writing ability is based on a lot of practice. If a certain amount is not reached, there will be no "qualitative" breakthrough. Some students say that I have done a lot of reading problems, but I have made no progress. What's the matter? In fact, reading emphasizes the overall understanding of the article rather than the simple and superficial understanding of the article, that is to say, some sentences in the article can not be understood in isolation, it has a background. For all of us, before we start reading a lot, we must first master some grammar knowledge, such as sentence morphological changes, sentence patterns, structures, tenses and so on. Be good at summarizing and remembering some special changes. An important principle of learning English grammar is "you can get in and jump out". Drilling in is to study grammar knowledge seriously, then sum up and do exercises to make it really your own thing. First, if the grammar foundation is improved, we should "jump up" to expand reading and improve reading ability. When expanding reading, we should pay attention to the following two points:

I. Vocabulary

Vocabulary is the key to learning English well. Without enough vocabulary, it is impossible to listen, speak, read and write.

The size of vocabulary determines a student's English level. Therefore, in the junior high school stage, in addition to mastering more than 800 words required by the syllabus, we must expand about 500 words. In the process of learning vocabulary, we should master the spelling rules of words and remember them according to the rules; At the same time, we should remember and expand words according to the knowledge of word formation. Understanding and remembering words through context is also a good way to learn words. At present, there are fewer and fewer Chinese-English translation questions in the senior high school entrance examination, and instead, the proportion of vocabulary in the context is increasing. Entering the primary stage of learning English, mastering phonetic knowledge is the basis of learning English words well, and correctly reading English phonemes is the premise of spelling phonetic symbols. Therefore, we must master 48 phonemes skillfully and be able to spell. Some students think that the written part of the senior high school entrance examination questions cancels the examination of pronunciation, so we should pay attention to training listening, discrimination and imitation. Listen carefully to the teacher's pronunciation and the recording on the tape in class and study hard in class. For those difficult words, phrases or sentences, we must take time to imitate them repeatedly after class until we can read them correctly and thoroughly. Thirdly, master the pronunciation rules skillfully and cultivate your ability to associate letters (or letter combinations) with pronunciation according to the pronunciation rules. Because mastering spelling rules is good for word memory. Therefore, we should always review and consolidate the "listening, reading and speaking" in the last lesson of each unit and the "pronunciation and spelling" in the appendix of the textbook, if we don't pay attention to these contents. I think this is a great pity. If anyone can master it skillfully, it will become a good helper for you to remember words.

Speaking of memorizing words, it is a common headache for students. In particular, the vocabulary of the new textbooks has expanded a lot, which is more difficult to remember. If you can't remember words, you can't learn English well. So it is very important to break through the difficulty of words. There are many ways to remember words.

1. Memorize words by pronunciation. In fact, when reading words, you should look at the phonetic symbols and master the pronunciation rules of letters and letter combinations. Classify and memorize the words that meet the rules. For example: ① Memorize and master the pronunciation of vowels according to open syllables and closed syllables. Bag: cat, map, sad; Cake: name, plane, date; Desk: down, set, step, let; These: China, Japanese; Fight: big, boat, Ben, kill; Like: side, nice, kite, mine; Not: dog, hot, stop, get; Nose: pay attention to those, close, holes; Bus: nuts, cups, rubber, dust; Uses: huge, etc. (2) According to the letter combination memory, master the pronunciation of vowel letter combination and consonant letter combination, such as:

Bees, meet, see, keep, etc. , ee letter combination reading/I:/; Chairs,

Ch letter combination reading /tS/.

2. Syllable memory. No matter how long a word is, if you recite it from the first letter to the last letter, it is

It's hard to remember. For example, information, *** 1 1 letter, can be broken down into eight parts.

Block ",syllable memory is easy. information exchange

3. Combination of sound, form and meaning

Memorizing words combines its sound, shape and meaning, making the memory firm and fast. Read it correctly

Sound, look at its shape, understand its meaning, especially polysemy, and improve the resolution when remembering.

For example, orange is a multi-category word, which means that "orange" is a countable noun; Being an adjective means

"orange"; As an uncountable noun, it means "orange juice" But there is only one pronunciation.

A /'orindJ/, the word form is the same. It is much easier to consciously distinguish between memories.

4. Associative memory of memory words. It mainly includes the following forms:

① Contrast associative memory:

Synonym: research/learning, big/big/great, see//

Look/see, listen/listen, good/good/good/

Listen, door/door, like/love/enjoy etc.

Antonyms: such as: big → small, expensive → cheap, hot.

(hot) → cold (cold), slow → fast/fast (fast), thin (thin)

(fat), front → back,

South → North, etc.

Homophones: Tai → Two (two), Right → Four (four), Right →

Write, press → buy, blue → blow.

Past tense), sea → see (see), son → sun (too

Yang) → Weather (Weather)

Comparison of similar word forms: want → wait, read → prepare.

), wall → walk, static → static,

Present → parents, etc. Put them together to compare memories.

At the same time, we can think of some words with different meanings. For example, associate cost with pay, take and spend, and compare the usage of these words with relative meaning, the same meaning or the same pronunciation.

② Classified associative memory: classify the learned words according to different categories, and classify the learned words reasonably.

A. classification by part of speech. Such as: noun driven, name …, verb is, have, drive …,

Adjective carefree, happy …, adverb carefree, happy …, preposition in,

On …, pronouns he, she, he, she … etc.

B. classification by use. Such as: clothes and coats, shirts, skirts, sweaters,

Shoes, cakes, rice, jiaozi, noodles, sports.

Football, basketball, running, sports, transportation, buses,

Cars, taxis, trains, planes, ships ..., January, February,

March, April, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday,

Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday and holidays. Like studying.

The word Christmas is associated with Children's Day and Women's Day.

Teachers' Day, Arbor Day, Mid-Autumn Festival

Festivals, National Day, New Year's Day, Spring

A series of festival nouns such as festivals.

③ Associative memory of word formation: We should use the associative memory of the same root word (word-form conversion) and pay attention to the part of speech. English list

There are many words with the characteristics of one word. For example, open can be used as both a verb and a verb.

Adjectives use other words with the same root, for example, the word care has the nature of a noun.

It also has the nature of a verb, and its cognates are caution, caution and carelessness.

Inadvertently, we should focus on remembering these words. Another example: North →

In the north, noise → noisy → noisy, etc. Associative memory with compound words, such as

When I learn the word moonlight, I think it is a combination of the moon and light.

Yes; A classroom consists of classes and classrooms.

④ Associative memory: collocate different words around a word to form a new phrase. There are many phenomena in this language. If you can use this rule often, you will firmly remember the phrases you have learned. For example:

1) phrases containing get are: get ready, get up, get on the bus, get along with people, get off, get dressed and go back; Come back, get on, get off, arrive, get off, get lost.

2) phrases containing go are: go swimming and continue; Go to school, sleep, go home, go out for a walk, go away, go down, go back, go on.

3) Phrases containing look are: Watch, 1ook after care; Care, look the same, look like, 1 look like, 1 look up, 1 look up (in dictionaries and reference books), 1 look up (doctor's examination), 1 look around (circle).

4) Phrases containing make are: make room for …, make a sentence with …, make a face or make a face with …, be made in …, make tea with …, make friends with …, make up for it, make a mistake, make sure, make noise.

5) phrases containing take are: take your time; Take your time and take medicine; Take medicine, walk, take medicine, exercise, and take turns; Replace, take care of; Take care of, take away, take out, take away; Take out, take off, and give a message to. ...

6) The phrases containing come are: come in, come down, come in, come over, come from, come back, come over/come over, come over, come over, come over, come over, come over, come over, come over, come over, come out (flowers); Come out. Come with me. Come on, come on.

7) phrases with turn are: turn off, turn on, turn on the radio, etc. Turn on (a light, etc. Turn down (turn on the radio, etc. ), turn white, turn left.

8) phrases containing have: I have to have an idea, have a rest, have breakfast, have a look, have fun, have fun and have a drink.

It is not difficult to remember words and phrases as long as you pay more attention to induction and summary consciously.

In addition, the teacher plays reading tapes in class, not just listening, but listening quickly.

Write it down so that the ears, heart, hands and eyes can be used together. In short, we should never get tired of those newly learned words.

Memorize by reading, writing and reciting. Repeat it a certain number of times and it will become a long time.

Memory, will not forget.

(5) Memorizing words depends on hard work and seizing scattered time to remember. When memorizing words, except

In addition to the above methods, memorizing words must be "five to one", and you must think well and not be distracted.

② Observation of eye-to-eye and eye-to-eye writing. (3) Read the words mouth to mouth. (4) to the ear-listen.

Your own pronunciation. Write this word several times on the table or paper by hand. Don't be lazy,

Be sure to draw and remember. Using all the organs, I believe I can remember more lists.

Words.

Some students think memorizing words is really troublesome. Actually, it's no trouble at all. If you can stay awake all the time

Do this slowly, and after a long time, you will form a habit. Every time I meet a word in the future, I will unconsciously think of it.

Yes

A foreign language expert once said, "A thousand words appear at least twenty times in front of your eyes."

In memory. "Students think about it, how many times have the words you have learned always appeared in front of you? Now you

Maybe you found the reason why you can't remember words?

(6) It is also very important to learn English well, and do a good job in preview before class and review after class.

You should preview each lesson before you learn it. Preview can clear the obstacles in class in advance.

Through preview, just like "fire reconnaissance", you can find the weak links in your knowledge. Hurry up before class

Make up this part of knowledge and you will understand the new knowledge smoothly. Some students are not good at listening,

One of the main reasons is that there is no preparation. Preview before class is for students to learn new lessons well and achieve high efficiency.

The foundation of academic performance. If you are not prepared before class, you will have no confidence in the new class and the class will change.

Passive and difficult to digest, so that they lose confidence in accepting all new lessons. On the other hand, if you are well prepared before class,

It can not only clear the obstacles in class in advance, cultivate self-study ability, but also improve the interest in learning new courses.

Have fun and take the initiative in learning.

First, be familiar with and remember most new words. After understanding the basic knowledge of new words, correct the pronunciation of words.

After the meaning and part-of-speech usage, you should listen to the audio tape of the text in time. In general, you should listen to it for 2-3 times in a row.

Read it again and then read it out loud. The purpose is to correct the pronunciation of new words and imitate the pronunciation and intonation of reading the text.

Improve your speaking ability. Correcting the pronunciation of words in this way can also enhance the sense of language.

When you teach yourself, you often encounter problems? How did you handle it?

Of course. Every time you encounter this situation, you must first think carefully, analyze and push from multiple angles.

Knock on the door. You know, it's really a heart if you try your best to get to the bottom of it.

Indescribable happiness. If you are really confused, you can ask your teacher or classmates. Don't let it go easily.

Any problem.

Second, grammar.

Grammar is the basis of learning English well and a tool to master English. When you master a certain vocabulary

After that, it is very necessary to know some grammar knowledge. Choosing to fill in the blanks is an important problem in grammar examination.

It can check nouns, verbs, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, prepositions and.

Numbers or something. Wide coverage.

3. Palm? Cover? The functions of o, will, shall, have and be in sentences. Summarize tenses and remember their structures.

4. Master the time-varying forms of behavioral verbs in sentences, such as speaking, writing and reading.

Five basic tenses required by the syllabus. Understand the concepts of various tenses and master them in sentences.

Structure adverbial of time and prompt tense. At the same time, we should also understand the other three tenses "past continuous tense, past"

Future tense, past perfect tense ".

The five basic tenses are as follows:

Tense time structure general present tense

Often, usually, always, sometimes, every day (week …),

On Sunday

He/she/it+verb s

I/We/You/They+Verb Prototype

Simple past tense

Yesterday, ... Before, last week,

200 1

Past tense of subject+present continuous tense of verb present subject +be+ present participle

Tomorrow, next week

Subject+will/will+verb prototype

the present perfect tense

It has been, however, once, never, for a while, since the beginning of+time.

He/she/it has+past participle.

I/we/you/they have+past participle.

Verbs are very important in language communication, and grammar is only a tool to learn English well. Using this tool, you can improve your self-study ability. In the process of understanding tenses, we should pay attention to the hints of upper and lower sentences or contexts. Pay attention to the basic changes of verbs.

① Example 1: (Beijing, 2003)

What are Mr. and Mrs. Black doing?

They are drinking tea in the garden.

④A is drinking, B is drinking, C is drinking and D is drinking.

⑤ Analysis

6. This question is in the present continuous tense.

From the context analysis of the previous sentence, we know that the action is taking place at this moment. Find out the structure and arrangement of verb parts.

Interference, get the right answer. What are black people doing?

What? ",the answer should be" Now is ... ",and the structure of the present continuous tense is" be(am, is,

Are)+ present participle ".

8 Cases 2 (Chongqing in 2003)

Pet-name ruby-I don't know if his uncle is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

Attending-If it doesn't rain, I think he will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

Coming; Will come. Will come.

C. coming; Coming D. coming; Will come.

analyse

This topic examines the application of two tenses in context. Let's distinguish what if leads to first.

Sentences, and then determine their tense according to the context. The object after the empty if at 1 leading transitive verb

Sentence, meaning "whether", the main clause of this sentence is the simple present tense, and the action of the object clause has not been done yet.

Occur, use the future tense; The second empty if guide is a conditional adverbial clause, and the conditional clause uses the simple present tense.

The predicate verb of the main sentence uses the future tense.

Third, communication.

The "Outline" points out that "students should master certain basic knowledge and basic language.

Skills, establish a preliminary sense of language, acquire a preliminary ability to use English, and conduct real communication.

Lay a good foundation. "The key to learning a language is to use it. Do students pay attention to their English?

How about the practice of English and oral English? We don't have a foreign language environment, but we should try our best to create it. every day

After getting up in the morning, you should read English for at least 5 minutes. Reading aloud can not only practice.

Learning pronunciation can form a good sense of language, and it can not be underestimated for the improvement of listening.

Function. Besides, we should make use of every possible opportunity to communicate with our classmates and teachers in English.

Or someone who knows English, say hello or chat. When you meet new words, you will be mixed with Chinese and English.

Try to say. At first, I may not be used to it, but it doesn't matter As long as I persist, I have a knot.

Fruit. Former Soviet linguist Pauli? Professor Aristide can speak 15 foreign languages fluently.

Language. He said: "As soon as I learn the word 100, I will speak in this language immediately.

A person who is afraid of making mistakes will never speak a real foreign language. "It seems that if you want to practice your mouth.

Language, really want to have the spirit of "cheeky, wear out the face".

Fourth, reading.

1. How do you develop your reading ability?

Reading comprehension is difficult, and reading training can only be carried out on the basis of having enough vocabulary. it

It is an important sign to test your English learning level. Have you put much effort into reading?

If you want to improve your reading level, you should not only study textbooks, but also consciously expand reading after class and improve your reading ability.

Reading speed, master reading skills. Get into the habit of reading English books after class. At first, due to vocabulary

You can read some simple articles or try to read some simple books without new words. along with

As your vocabulary expands, so will your appetite. Reading more original articles can not only broaden your horizons.

I broadened my horizons and learned a lot of knowledge. After a period of time, your vocabulary will be enriched and your understanding ability will be improved.

Great progress has also been made. At first, we should deliberately look at some popular science, history, geography, environmental protection, medical care and the like.

Articles about aspects.

Some classmates often encounter such a problem: the article itself has no new words for me, but I read it.

Errors often occur when reading comprehension questions. Of course, this situation is more about designing a reading comprehension test. say

Obviously, you have encountered obstacles in understanding during reading, so you should master some answering skills in reading comprehension.

Very important.