What are the difficulties for the Red Army to cross the grassland?

The Red Army crossed the grass.

Secondly, it is difficult to eat. The prepared highland barley fried noodles need to be boiled. Without water, thirst is terrible. When it rains, highland barley gets wet and becomes a knot in my heart. If you mix it with boiling water, it will become fine noodles, and it will not be hungry to eat. If you eat sticky acne directly, it is difficult to swallow. There are still many comrades who have no time to grind flour before entering the grass and bring highland barley. This kind of highland barley can only be eaten one grain at a time. If you use less, just count one grain at a time, and try to save a day or two. Biting highland barley is not good, it is still difficult to digest. The dry food prepared by ordinary soldiers was finished in two or three days. At this time, the grass is only half, and some are even less than half. All the meat was distributed to the company. So hunger and disease threaten everyone's life. Many comrades did not fall on the battlefield, but silently died in the grass.

How did the Red Army live without food?

In the case of extreme food shortage, the Red Army ate wild vegetables, grass roots and bark to satisfy its hunger. Some wild vegetables and weeds are poisonous. If you eat lightly, you will vomit and diarrhea, and if you are poisoned, you will die. There were no edible wild vegetables, so I took off my belt, leather shoes and even fur vest, and a saddle and cooked it. Some soldiers are so hungry that they don't eat anything, so they look for undigested highland barley in other people's excrement, or pick it out by themselves, wash it and cook it in a teapot. Eating is like this, so is drinking. Some soldiers drank human urine and horse urine.

There is really no food, the endless grassland is deserted, and the soldiers have eaten everything they can.

Wild vegetables, grass, belts, and even skins, drums and drums on sandals. In the memory of the old Red Army, I chewed a belt that was hard to swallow in these ways:

The first one is cooking. Guo Caigao, an old Red Army soldier, remembered to cut the belt into strips with a knife, then boiled it until the top layer was soft, and carefully scraped it off, which contained edible cowhide.

The second is to roast and eat. Li, the old Red Army, said that you can eat it when it becomes soft, but you can't bake it for a long time, or it will be wasted. After baking, bite into a small piece and chew; Chew a few times and drink water; Chew it for a day before you can swallow it. He said he had been eating a belt for a month.

Third, cook first and then bake. Pu Guoen, the old Red Army, has a belt given by his comrades. In the most difficult time, he untied it, soaked it in boiling water, then buried it in the fire and cooked it with an immortal fire.

Fourth, bake first and then cook. First, heat it with fire. After baking, scrape off the black ash and put it in the pot. When it is soft, cut it into shreds and mix it with wild vegetable porridge. In fact, there are only a few ribbons floating in the cauldron, which are visible and can't be caught. ...

Besides belts and sandals, there are wild vegetables. Winter amaranth, horsetail grass, bitter herbs, gray vegetables, rhubarb leaves, wild celery ... all vegetables in your mouth.

Eat wild vegetables, then eat grass roots. When they found that grass roots can satisfy hunger, the soldiers immediately sent a message to the troops behind them-sweet!

There was pain and there was sweetness. At that time, the soldiers came across a cow skeleton in a depression, and even a few pieces of meat were stuck on it. Tian Rengan, the old Red Army, was overjoyed and moved it back to the camp for collective distribution: the meat was given to the female doll, most of the skeleton was given to the brothers, and only a small part was left for them to eat slowly.

The best is He Long. At that time, the wife of Xiao Ke, deputy commander of the Red Second Army, was going to give birth. He Long quietly made a hook with hemp rope and needle, so he threw it into the grass and caught a fish. His cousin He recalled: "Perhaps moved by the spirit of the Red Army, fish also contributed. He Long asked the cook to cook the fish soup and send it over. Later, Mrs. Xiao Ke successfully gave birth to a baby boy. Because she was born in a bunker built by the Red Army, He Long named the baby a bunker ... "

When malaria recurred, Red Army soldier Dai Tianfu entrusted the hygienist to bring Mao Zedong a paper bag containing a small piece of horse meat for the seriously ill. The hygienist said with tears: "When Comrade Dai Tianfu died, let me give this horse meat to Chairman Mao! He said that he had nothing to worry about, but hoped that the revolution would succeed. Please take care of yourself. I'll tell other comrades in the security class to take good care of you! " The seven-foot man is crying ... [1]

It is difficult to keep out the cold.

The Red Army crossed the grass.

Third, it is difficult to keep out the cold. Grassland weather changes three times a day, with great temperature difference. In the morning, the sun came out late and it was very cold; At noon, Wan Li is clear and the sun is like fire; In the afternoon, there are often sudden dark clouds, lightning and thunder, heavy rain and hail, or fog and rain; At night, the temperature drops to about zero degrees Celsius, which makes people tremble. Before the Red Army soldiers crossed the grass, most of them were weak, so how can tens of thousands of people wear cotton-padded clothes and leather clothes! In order to keep out the cold, people wear a variety of clothes: some wear thick clothes, and more wear single or double clothes; Some are wrapped in blankets, and more are covered with various animal skins; Some wear straw hats and some wear tarpaulin umbrellas; Some people wear leather shoes or boots, and many people still wear sandals, even barefoot. It's so cold that some people just drink some wine or bite some pepper to drive away the cold. But we didn't bring enough wine and pepper, and it was gone after two or three days. Marching in the swamp grass like this can really be described as "cold and hungry, as cold as ice".

The comrades in Aba said: The old Red Army they visited said that their feet were wet and their clothes were wet during those days in the grassland. When they arrived at the camp, the ground was wet and the firewood was wet. They have done little to freeze people to death. Hunger, cold, fatigue and disease have claimed the precious lives of many comrades. Nie Shuai wrote in his memoirs: In those days when I crossed the grassland, the weather was windy and rainy, my body was dry and wet, my stomach was full and hungry, and I walked deeply and shallowly. Soft stack, water stains, most people survived, but many people fell down.

It is difficult to camp.

Camping is still difficult. The grass is full of mud and water, so it's usually difficult to stay at night. When marching at night, we often find a mound, a river, a highland and a dry place to camp. If you can't find a drier place, you will have to sleep in the grass. How to sleep outside? Or lie down on the spot, or sit and take a nap, or sleep back to back for a while. Lesbians often snuggle together, which is warmer. It is a good condition to use a tarpaulin made of branches to shelter from the wind and rain. Sometimes it rains and winds at night, and the tarpaulin set up with branches can neither shelter from the rain nor keep out the cold, so it will spend the night under the wind and rain. Sleeping in the grass is also worried that you will fall or roll into deep mud and die after falling asleep. So sometimes several people take turns "on duty" to avoid misfortune.

However, the night is too cold. When I got up early the next morning, I often saw some soldiers sleeping on the grass, even comrades who had a back-to-back rest with themselves. There is a class in the Red 1 Legion, which is a neat group of two people, back to back, holding guns in their arms, and never waking up like sleeping. The Red Army has a reception team. Crossing the grass, people fall behind every day. Hunger and cold, coupled with lack of medical care and medicine, there are more and more wounded and sick people. At that time, there were neither hospitals nor so many stretchers, and it was entirely up to each patient to follow the troops with crutches. There are three or four hundred people staying behind every day, most of whom can keep up with the team, but many comrades can't.

Later, the first shot to resist US aggression and aid Korea started. Deng Yue, the division commander of the 40th Army of the Volunteers 1 18, is a Hong Haier, in a daze. He dragged Chen Geng, head of the cadre regiment, out of the grass. When sleeping out at night, the left-behind comrades rest back to back in groups of three or five. The next day, when the comrades of the shelter team went to call them, they pushed and shoved, and their bodies were completely cold and stiff. They left this world in this "sleeping position". Especially in the last two days after walking out of the grass, there were piles of people sleeping quietly on the grass like this, as many as dozens.

The Red Army crossed the grass.

Later, General Xiao Hua wrote in Song of the Long March that clothes soaked in wind and rain have harder bones and wild vegetables have stronger determination to satisfy hunger. The officers and men share weal and woe, and the revolutionary ideal is higher than the sky. This is the true portrayal of that year.

Perhaps it was the commander-in-chief of the former enemy who led the right army across the grass. In his memoirs, he said: on the one hand, the troops have been trekking for a long time, and their physical strength is too great, so they can't help but toss about the harsh environment, especially when crossing the grassland. But on the one hand, there is no exact figure on how many comrades the army has sacrificed. The Red Fourth Front Army crossed the grassland three times, and this extremely harsh natural environment also caused a large number of layoffs. The Party History Research Office of Aba Prefecture once provided a data: during the three main forces of the Red Army crossing the snowy mountain grassland several times in two years, the number of non-combatants was more than 1 10,000. Zhang Wentian's wife, Liu Ying, said in her memoirs: The Red Army sacrificed the most when crossing the grass, and these seven days and seven nights were the most difficult days in the Long March. After walking out of the grass, "I feel that I have returned to the world from the dead world."

It took five days for the Red Army to cross the grassland on the right (August 21-August 26). Zuo Jun is also about 6 days.

On August 2 1 day, the red army's right army began to enter the grassland. It is very difficult to March on the grassland, the plateau is short of oxygen, the weather is changeable, and the snow is mixed. Mud, cold and hunger claimed the lives of many revolutionary soldiers, which is unprecedented. I remember that on the first day, the Political Department of the Third Army Corps set out from Maogai. Yuan and Xiang Zhonghua and I folded some twigs to build a shed, and several of us huddled together for the night. It rained all night, and the shed couldn't stop the rain. A few of us were drenched in rain, so we couldn't sleep. We had to huddle together back to back, telling stories, telling jokes, solve riddles on the lanterns or singing, and finally stayed up until dawn. The next day, I completely entered the grass, and the bushes were out of sight. At first, you could see the sun, but after a while, the wind blew hard and suddenly it began to snow. On the third day, I crossed the Qiu Ge River, which is less than 20 meters wide, but the water is waist-deep, the water is very fast, and the water is as cold as ice. When I am involved, I need several people to help each other, otherwise I will be washed away by the rapids. Many soldiers fell down when crossing the river because of weakness, lack of oxygen and cold. Walking in the swamp on the fourth day.