Longyou culture, history?

Longyou refers to the west of Longshan and east of the Yellow River in China, including parts of Gansu Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province and the eastern part of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

Early culture includes:

Dadiwan culture

Dadiwan culture is the earliest known Neolithic culture in the middle reaches of the Yellow River in China, also known as "Laoguantai culture", which mainly distributed in the Weihe River basin, Guanzhong and the upper reaches of Danjiang River, and existed from about 6000 BC to 5000 BC. Dadiwan culture is rich in connotation and distinctive in characteristics. It is not only the prehistoric ancestors who took the lead in using painted pottery in China, but also the earliest agricultural culture in northwest China. Because it belongs to the early Neolithic age, it shows primitive characteristics everywhere.

the horse home kiln culture

the horse home kiln culture

Majiayao culture was first discovered in Majiayao Village, Lintao County, Gansu Province in 1923, hence its name. Majiayao culture is a local type of Yangshao culture developing westward, which appeared in the late Neolithic period more than 5700 years ago. After more than 3000 years of development, it has formed four types: Shilingxia, Majiayao, Banshan and Racecourse. Mainly distributed in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, Taohe River, Daxia River and Huangshui River basins in Gansu and Qinghai. Bronze culture in the upper reaches of the Yellow River in People's Republic of China (PRC).

Qijiaping culture

It was named after 1924 was first discovered in Guanghe, Gansu. The age is 2000 BC ~ BC 1900 BC. It is distributed on terraces along the Yellow River and its tributaries in Gansu and Qinghai provinces. * * * More than 350 sites were found. Residents manage agriculture, plant crops such as millet and use production tools such as bone shovels, perforated stone knives and stone sickles. Raising pigs, sheep, dogs, cattle, horses and other large livestock. The pottery industry is developed, with double-eared pots, high-necked overlapping shoulder pots and perforated beans as typical utensils. Copper smelting industry has emerged, including copper knives, copper cones, copper mirrors, copper rings and other small red or bronze products. Most of the houses are square or rectangular semi-crypt buildings, and the interior of the houses is painted with a layer of white ash, which is flat and solid. Clan cemeteries are often located near residential areas, and rectangular pit tombs are popular, including single burial and joint burial, with pottery and pig mandible as funerary objects. There are adult male and female tombs of a man and a woman or a man and a woman, in which the male leans back and the female bends her limbs to face the male. This shows that at that time, men were in a dominant position and women were in a subordinate position. It reflects that it has entered the patriarchal society at that time, and the marriage forms are monogamy and polygamy.

Zhou Wenhua

It is a unique cultural form in the history of China and the cornerstone of Chinese national culture. After a hundred schools of thought contended in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period and the development of Confucian classics in Han, Tang, Song and Ming Dynasties, Zhou Wenhua finally formed a unique history and culture of the Chinese nation, thus becoming a cultural system with long-term vitality. The various laws, regulations, rites and music systems and ideological and moral norms contained in it have become the ideological and political basis of China's feudal rule for thousands of years and the origin of Confucianism, and have influenced the history of Chinese civilization and world civilization for nearly 3,000 years after Zhou Dynasty. Zhou Wenhua's complete and harmonious cultural system, with "Heaven" as its spiritual belief, "Morality" as its value principle and "Harmony" as its social action criterion, is a precious cultural wealth left to the Chinese nation during the historical axis of China, and it still has great spiritual charm. The scenic spot vividly summarizes and expounds the basic content and spiritual core of Zhou Culture with 3 1 story of Zhou Dynasty, and reveals the longevity gene of the 800-year-old dynasty in China history.

Qin culture

It is the most successful political culture and institutional culture in the historical process of China, and it has the most profound influence on the traditional culture of China in later generations. In the early development process, Qin culture absorbed the basic culture of western China, such as Xirong and Xiqiang, which laid the foundation for the development of Qin. In the process of unifying the six countries and establishing centralization of authority, Qin Shihuang implemented the basic national policy of "cars on the same track, books on the same text, and trips on the same track". In terms of political culture, it absorbed and compatible the Yangtze River culture such as the Six Kingdoms, and formed a unique form of Qin culture. Its characteristics and principles are unlearning skills, not worshiping classics, governing the country according to law and taking officials as teachers. That is, seeking truth from facts, simplicity and truthfulness, not vanity, seeking big and more, paying attention to expansion, being proactive, tenacious and martial. The greatest contribution of Qin culture in the history of China is to end the turbulent situation of hundreds of years of vassal separatism and establish the first unified multi-ethnic centralized feudal country in the history of China. The Qin Dynasty rose from Qingshui area in Gansu to Qin Shihuang's unification of the six countries, and its 24-generation monarchs built their capitals in Longxian, Qianyang, Chencang and Fengxiang in Baoji. Baoji's glorious history as the birthplace of the Qin Dynasty can be seen.

Multi-ethnic culture

In the historical period, Longyou was basically a multi-ethnic community. Along with the pace of history, Longyou region has also accelerated the pace of ethnic integration, and the opening of the Silk Road has made Longyou a meeting point for the diffusion, exchange and integration of Chinese and Western cultures. It can be seen that the great development of Longyou culture, on the one hand, is the inevitable result of ethnic integration, on the other hand, it also draws nutrition from the regional and ethnic composition and the cultural exchanges between China and the West. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Han cultural circle in China tended to be stereotyped in the process of long-term expansion and territorial expansion, while Longyou culture, as a type of regional culture in China, showed more cultural convergence while maintaining its own characteristics. Ethnic integration and cultural exchange first contributed to the permeability and inclusiveness of Longyou culture. Here, every nation carries out emotional and cultural exchanges and recognition with its broad mind and open attitude. At first, the communication of all ethnic groups in this land was a shallow interactive system, and later it entered the social system from organizational contact and expanded into deep cultural and psychological contact, which not only expressed the different needs of different ethnic groups, but also embodied the common needs and interests of * * *. The communication and infiltration between ethnic groups are sometimes peaceful, sometimes extremely difficult, and sometimes even the misfortune of national migration and extinction. The history of ethnic exchanges in Longyou region proves that the mutual exchange and influence of cultural patterns, values and religious beliefs in different regions have formed mutual recognition and understanding. At the same time, the national consciousness and feelings for the motherland of different nationalities condensed through ethnic exchanges have maintained the relationship between the country and foreign countries in history, the gradual development of the mainland and the frontier, and safeguarded the unity of the country. It is not difficult to understand that the so-called infiltration refers to the infiltration between culture and spirit in Longyou area; The so-called tolerance refers to the tolerance of Longyou culture in the process of national integration and the absorption and acceptance of various cultures. Secondly, Longyou culture is creative and continuous. Longyou people are creative people. Since modern times, Longyou area has continuously excavated a large number of cultural relics such as labor tools, houses and tombs in Stone Age sites, which is the embodiment of the creative spirit of Longyou ancestors. And those dazzling painted pottery art and grotto art are the symbols of Longyou culture full of creative vitality. It is this creative spirit that makes Longyou culture pass from generation to generation, endless and unique. The so-called continuation of Longyou culture is also reflected on the basis of this creative spirit. Among Longyou ethnic groups, Qiang, Di, Rong and even dangxiang have undergone great changes in the course of history, but their cultural character and quality are still recorded in ancient books in China, and their customs and habits are still infiltrated and preserved in Longyou folk customs. The continuation of Longyou culture can also be seen.

Influence on China culture

As one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization in the Yellow River valley, Long Yuan stands out with its distinctive style and high level, and occupies a place in the early cultural history of China. In the long historical process of Chinese culture developing into Han culture and forming Han cultural circle, Longyou culture has always been converging with the spread and attraction of Han culture. It is also different because of the fluctuation of population flow, ethnic migration, unity and division. Longyou culture relies on the convenience of the region, and the East relies on Sanqin culture, which belongs to the Central Plains culture, so that Han culture can spread and develop and accelerate the process of Longyou civilization. Longyou is located in the main road of communication between China and the west, and it is adjacent to the western culture of desert grassland type in the west. It is here that minority cultures and foreign cultures can collide, communicate and merge with China culture. It can be seen that Longyou, as a relatively independent area in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, is the middle zone between the political, economic and cultural forces of the Central Plains and surrounding areas. Therefore, it has become a bridge for the two-way communication and diffusion between the Central Plains culture and the surrounding cultures, as well as the civilizations inside and outside the region. Longyou culture, as a unique regional culture, has more China cultural characteristics than western culture. Compared with Sanqin culture, it contains more cultural elements of ethnic minorities. Longyou culture is the intermediate link of the whole northwest cultural belt from Sanqin culture to western culture, connecting the preceding with the following and forming its own system. Once the conditions suitable for cultural development are met, various forms of culture may germinate here. This cultural advantage not only promoted the development of Longyou culture, but also injected fresh blood into Sanqin culture and Western Region culture. Therefore, Longyou culture has complex national color and transitional characteristics. Longyou culture is a typical epitome of China traditional culture.