The Original Teaching Design of the Elective Course Song of Everlasting Sorrow in Senior High School

1. Learn to use it? Against your will? 、? Knowing people and discussing the world? Ways to appreciate the theme of poetry.

2. Master the expressive skills of poets and lyric poets.

Teaching emphases and difficulties:

1. Focus: Depicting people from multiple angles.

2. Difficulties: the theme of poetry.

Teaching steps:

First, appreciation guidance.

Against sb.' s will:

Use your own personal experience to guess the author's original intention.

In Mencius' original words, words? , refers to the text, refers to a single word, word. ? Resign? Refers to the sentence.

Zhao Qi in the Eastern Han Dynasty: It is a fact that human feelings are not far away, and it is against the poet's will with his own will.

Zhu: In the way of telling poetry, don't hurt the meaning of a sentence with one sentence, and don't hurt the ambition of defining a word with one sentence. It is available to marry the author's ambition with his own will.

Scholars have always advocated putting what Mencius advocated? Knowing people and discussing the world? The method is the same? Against your will? Combination. For example, Wang Siren: a good poet must start from knowing poetry; Those who are good at knowing poetry must start with knowing people. ?

Wang Guowei: Therefore, there are very few people who are known to the world and who are against their aspirations. ?

Knowing people and discussing the world:

Mencius original:? Praise his poems and read his books. I wonder if he is a man. It is based on its world. It's Shang You. ? Shang? Same? Going? . Business friends are friends of the ancients.

What's this called? Writer criticism? Or? Biography criticism? Now many people here are opposed to this reading method. For example, Eliot, the most important poet in modern England, thinks that honest criticism and sensitive appreciation should not focus on poets, but on poems. ?

Derived topic:? Waste words because of people? There is still a surplus phenomenon.

Second, import.

Review the famous sentences in Pipa Xing. ? However, before she came to us, we shouted a thousand times and urged her a thousand times, but she still hid half of her face behind the guitar from us? ,? Don't worry about life, silence is better than sound? ,? We were all unhappy until the end of the day, when we met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? ? . Pipa Travel is a famous narrative poem by Bai Juyi. Today, we will learn another narrative poem called Song of Eternal Sorrow.

Three. background introduction

She is the daughter of Yang, a minister of the Ministry of Finance. She entered Chang 'an with her uncle Yang Xuanyan and married Li Yao, the 14th son of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Li Longji later took a fancy to it. Li Ben wanted to keep Yang as his own, but because of his birthright, he asked her to leave the palace to be a female Taoist, and then welcomed her back to the palace to steal the clock. Li Longji worked hard in his early years and gradually relaxed in his later years. After Yang Yuhuan, he indulged in debauchery and neglected state affairs. On the other hand, Yang Yuhuan was not only loved by herself, but also honored as a noble lady. Sound and flame shake the world? Her relatives followed suit. My cousin Yang is the prime minister, and Yang Lan is an official of Hong Qing and the empire. The elder sister's name is Mrs. Han, the third sister is Mrs. Guo and the eighth sister is Mrs. Qin. As Song of Eternal Sorrow says? Sisters and brothers are in this country because she illuminates and glorifies her family. ? In the late Tianbao period, there were many contradictions in the court, and the love for the Yang family further aggravated the contradictions. In the 14th year of Tianbao (755), armed to the teeth, An Lushan rebelled, attacked Yang, stood aside and arrived in Chang 'an ... Li Longji and Yang Yuhuan fled to Sichuan together. When they arrived at Mawei Post in Shaanxi Province, the squire challenged the imperial army and asked Yang's brother and sister to thank the world. In this case, Li Longji had to please. Gao Lishi was ordered to lie under the pear tree in front of the Buddhist temple? . (Li Zhao's Supplement to National History)? Lotte is deeper than poetry and deeper than love. How about trying to sing? At Wang's suggestion, Bai Juyi wrote this poem, and Chen Hong wrote a legendary Song of Eternal Sorrow.

Fourth, Bai Juyi.

Bai Juyi was born in an official family. His great-grandfather, great-grandfather and grandfather are all officials. His father is a doctor in Chaofeng, a doctor in Xiangzhou and a young girl in Dali. He is a gift to the servant of the minister of punishment. He came from a scholarly family and was extremely clever since he was a child. He learned to write poetry at the age of five or six, and he could distinguish rhyme at the age of nine. In addition, his family and society gave him great stimulation and supervision. He studied very hard when he was young. Later, recalling the reading situation at that time, he said, "I worked on the day shift, worked on the night shift, and occasionally had poems, which made you unable to sleep and rest, so that your mouth ached and your elbows ached." ? When Bai Juyi was 0/6 years old, he had written many good poems that could be handed down from generation to generation, the most famous of which was the five-character poem Farewell to the Ancient Grass. It is said that Bai Juyi came to Chang 'an for the first time to visit the old poet Gu Kuang. When Gu Kuang heard that he lived in Iraq, he joked. Chang 'an rice is expensive, so it is not easy to live in it. ? And read this poem? Wildfire never completely devoured them, and they grew taller in the spring breeze? At that time, he was highly praised and said that it was not difficult to live in Chang' an with such a style of writing. At the age of 365,438+0, he was awarded the title of outstanding scholar and met Yuan Zhen. From then on, he became best friends. In the spring of the age of 32, Bai Juyi was awarded the school book lang, which was a career. At the age of 35, he was demoted as a school book lang and later named Zhou Zhi County Commandant. The following year, Zhouzhi County Commandant was transferred to Jinshi Examiner to supplement Jixian Academy. This winter, he was awarded a bachelor's degree in Hanlin, and Yuan He left for three years (808). Li Jifu, the prime minister at that time, was dissatisfied with Niu Monks, Confucians and others who criticized the failure of state affairs. Bai Juyi, who was newly appointed as a scavenger, went as far as "On the Human System" and said that he was arbitrarily relegated, so he offended Li Stepfather and Li Deyu and his son, and unfortunately fell into the whirlpool of political struggle at that time. During his ear-picking, he did his duty and repeatedly dissatisfied the emperor or the powerful minister. At the age of 58, that is, in the spring of the third year of Daiwa (829), Bai Juyi said that he was ill and refused to come back. Since then, I have never returned, except for Henan Yin, seeking to avoid illness. At the age of 64, he refused to worship except in the same state, changed to a prince of Shaofu, and divided the company into the east capital. Due to negative emotions and health reasons, he doesn't want to be an official anymore. At the age of 60, his son Ali died, which was another blow to the poet. At the age of 73, he opened eight stone beaches in Longmen to facilitate boat trips. He died at the age of 75.

Shortly after Bai Juyi was born, a war broke out in Henan. He has taken refuge from home since he was a child, and he is rushing around to prepare for hardship. So when he was 15 years old, he wrote a quatrain that recorded his true feelings at that time:? What do you want from your hometown? Li Yu in Wushan Bay, Chushui. Today, because you went to see your brother, I cried for several lines in a book. ? I also wrote a seven-law for my brothers and sisters: My fields and gardens were destroyed by the war, and my own flesh and blood became the scum of the street? * * * Looking at the bright moon and crying, for the heart, five places, all sick and willing. ? These poems describe Bai Juyi's living conditions and psychological feelings at that time, and also reflect the social unrest and people's displacement at that time.

In the 16th year of Zhenyuan (800), 29-year-old Bai Juyi met Yuan Zhen with the fourth and first place in the Jinshi and became close friends. They are called by later generations? Bai Yuan? . At the age of 32, he entered the official career and was awarded the school book lang. In the third year of Yuanhe (808), he paid homage to Zuo. Because he offended Li Jifu, the then prime minister, Bai Juyi was unfortunately caught in the whirlpool of political struggle. Bai Juyi was always pushed out by Li Deyu in the decades-long struggle between Niu and Li, which determined that his life's official career was not smooth. During his ear-picking, he did his duty and repeatedly dissatisfied the emperor or the powerful minister. Later, he was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima. In order to avoid suspicion and eliminate disasters, Bai Juyi entertained himself with prostitutes' music, poems and wine, and began to believe in Buddhism and seek spiritual sustenance. Although he is passive, keeps prostitutes, drinks heavily and believes in Buddhism, he still has great achievements. The most commendable thing is that when he was the secretariat of Hangzhou, he built Hangzhou Lake embankment to store water and irrigate the fields. In memory of him, people named this lake the riverbank? Bai Causeway? .

Judging from Bai Juyi's official career, although he is mostly an official, he is always in a state of anxiety and anger. But as a poet, his achievements are enormous. Later generations called him, Li Bai and Du Fu the three great poets in the Tang Dynasty.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) Author's works

1. Engineering overview

What is Bai Juyi's early political thought? Help the world? Mainly wrote a lot of political allegories. But after he was demoted to Jiangzhou, his thoughts changed greatly. Help the world? Turn to independence. In literary creation, Bai Juyi's most outstanding contribution is to advocate the new Yuefu movement in theory and practice. He places special emphasis on poetry? Beautiful thorns? Role, propose? Articles combine the times, poems combine things? Poetry should move people with emotion, and poetry language should be? Although his words are light, they are direct and to the point? Wait for a series of views. There are nearly 3,000 of his poems, such as Song of Eternal Sorrow and Pipa.

Introduction to the background of intransitive verbs

(A) Writing background

1, the love story between Li and Yang in history

The love of emperors-the love story between Tang and Yang Guifei

With 3,000 emperors and harems, it is hard to say that there is true love. However, Tang and Yang Guifei told us a vigorous and deadly love story.

Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, was a martial artist who was proficient in temperament. He has been in office for more than 20 years, working hard, and he is happy to see that the wind is clear outside the Great Wall in Wan Li, and the folk millet in San Qian is cheap, and the world is peaceful, which is better than the year of Zhenguan. He changed the title of Kaiyuan to Tianbao and enjoyed himself every day to enjoy life. At the palace banquet, he found that Yang Yuhuan, dressed in clothes and feathers, was not only charming in appearance, but also extremely talented in art, so he accepted her as the imperial concubine.

Since then, Li Longji has never been to Zao Chao. He has dinner with Yang Yuhuan every day. In spring, they go to Mount Li for an outing. In the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Chengzu of Ming Dynasty bathed in Huaqing Pool, and used the unique hot spring water here to wash away the congealed fat of Yang Yuhuan people, making them aristocratic.

At the critical moment when the Anshi Rebellion endangered the emperor's life, Yang Yuhuan stepped forward and accepted the white silk as the scapegoat of Anshi Rebellion. She said goodbye to Tang, and all she asked was to bury her under a pear tree. She used her own death to let the bodyguard move on.

A few years later, the Anshi rebellion subsided, but the Tang Dynasty turned from prosperity to decline, and history took a major turning point. Li Longji abdicated and made the prince emperor. After losing the power of the emperor, humanity returned to him, and love became more chaste. He missed Yang Yuhuan day and night, recalled past debauchery and mistakes, and lamented that life was not satisfactory. He searched hard for Yang Yuhuan's ghost, and searched the green fields above, but he couldn't find it below, so he invited Yang Guifei's portrait as a sacrifice. He was in tears, but who would go? -In a trance, he went to the Moon Palace and knocked on Yang Yuhuan's knocker. It can be seen that Tang is so obsessed with Yang Guifei.

Bai Juyi, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, also wrote a long narrative poem "Song of Eternal Sorrow", which described the sincere love between Tang Huangming and Yang Guifei.

2. Horizontal comparison: There are many literary works with Li Yang's love as the theme in the history of literature, such as Du Mu's Crossing the Qing Palace, Li Shangyin's Ma Wei, Su Shi's Litchi Pond and Bai Pu's Night Rain in Tang and Autumn.

(B) the origin of creation

In the first year of Yuanhe, Bai Juyi was appointed as the magistrate of Zhouzhi County. One day, he and his friends Chen Hong and Wang Zhifu visited the Youxian Temple near Mayi and talked about Li Longji and Yang Yuhuan. Wang Zhifu believes that something as excellent as this will disappear with the passage of time if it is not greatly polished. He encouraged Bai Juyi: Lotte is deeper than poetry and deeper than emotion. How about trying to sing? . So Bai Juyi wrote about it, and Chen Hong also wrote a legendary Song of Eternal Sorrow.

Seven, read poetry, grasp the content of poetry.

1. Students read the poem quickly and retell the story in it.

2. On the basis of retelling, guide the students to divide the levels and summarize the meaning.

Part I: From the beginning to? Is it happier to have a girl than a boy? Describe the meeting between Li and Yang and Li's attachment to Yang.

Part II: Since? ... high rose and plum palace, into the blue clouds? Where to? That memory, that pain. Where is her white face? ? Narrating the outbreak of Anshi Rebellion, Yang Guifei died because of the imperial mutiny.

Part III: Self? Rulers and lords, when their eyes meet, cry on their coats? Where to? However, no lovely soul visited his dream? Write about Li's endless yearning for Yang after he returned to Chang 'an.

Part IV: Since? (qi? Ng) Taoist Hong Duke? In the end, the imperial concubine who wrote that she had arrived in the celestial world was still alive (Hu? I miss Li.

Eight, the text analysis and appreciation

1, which sentences in the poem show the beauty of Yang Yuhuan?

Reference: For example? If she just turned her head and smiled, a hundred spells would have been cast, and the powder and paint in the sixth house would have gone up in smoke?

? Just like the spring rain falls on pear flowers. Wrote Yang Guifei's sadness and sadness.

About 50 years after Yang Yuhuan's death, Bai Juyi wrote Song of Eternal Sorrow. Of course, he has never seen Yang Yuhuan. However, there was a great poet in the Tang Dynasty who met Yang Yuhuan and wrote a poem describing the beauty of the imperial concubine. Who is this man? (Li Bai)

Play three equally familiar qingping tunes by Li Bai.

Q: Are there similarities between Li Bai and Bai Juyi's writing about the beauty of Yang Guifei?

The students said that the teacher concluded: Li Bai or Bai Juyi, what they wrote about the beauty of Yang Yuhuan is not a positive and true description. We don't know what Yang Yuhuan looks like, only that she is beautiful, absolutely beautiful. Both poets put pen to paper from the virtual place, comparing people to flowers, reaching the realm of virtual reality and reality, leaving people with unlimited imagination and association space. Just as Song Yu described the beauty of the owner's son, adding one point is too long, subtracting one point is too short, the powder is too white, and Zhu Shi is too red? We don't know what the master's son looks like, only that he is beautiful. And this happens to be what Laozi and Zhuangzi admire? The elephant is invisible? Kingdom, is this it? Big beauty is invisible? Yes

3. What places in the poem show the love of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty for Yang Yuhuan?

For example:? There are other women in his court, 3,000 stunning beauties, but his love for 3,000 women is concentrated on one person? Sisters and brothers all died because she lit up and glorified her family? She brought it to every father and mother in the whole empire. Don't you teach boys to be born again? Wait a minute.

The teacher concluded: Li Longji can indulge his family indefinitely for his lover. He gave Yang Yuhuan everything, everything he could give as an emperor, his country and everything. Boldness and beauty, the choice between Jiangshan and beauty, he chose beauty without hesitation. As we all know, people who love beauty should love mountains and rivers. If mountains and rivers are not guaranteed, beauty is safe? Therefore, people who love beauty should love the country more. Love is no match for politics. When they are in a gentle and rich country, they don't know that disaster is coming and they are caught off guard. One of the most brilliant, greatest and powerful dynasties in China declined and never recovered.

4. Find out the sentences that impressed you the most and describe the mood of Yang Yuhuan after his death. What artistic techniques did they use?

Students look and talk. Like appreciation? He gazed at the desolate moon from his temporary palace, and he heard the bell in the rainy night, which stung his chest? What we saw and heard aroused the deep thought of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Appreciation? Pond, garden, palace, everything is the same as before, Taiye Lake hibiscus, Weiyang Palace willow? Yes, everything is a lot of things. When you see things, you think of people. I remember the past, I loved you, but now I can't live without you. What is this? Do you appreciate it? Fireflies were flying on the throne, and he was meditating in the twilight. He will extend the wick to its end and still never fall asleep. ",here pay attention to remind students what the image of fireflies symbolizes, and use the suggestive questions of poetic language mentioned in" Say Muye "that we have learned before. Fireflies, which the ancients thought grew in rotten grass and beside weeds in graves, what does this image imply here? At this time, Tang Xuanzong not only lost his power, but also lost his freedom of life and was placed under house arrest in disguise. The fireflies in his place show his loneliness and desolation. In the back, he will stretch the wick to the end, but he still can't sleep. ? What does this mean? Tang Xuanzong stayed up all night in his biting thoughts. The world is asleep, and he is still awake? The most painful thing in the world is to wake up from a dream, but there is no way out? He can only silently accept the punishment given to him by fate. The beauty is gone and I am still here, but what's the use of my life coming? Here, the author repeatedly renders, layers of bedding, and uses the method of combining emotion and scenery to vividly show the sadness, loneliness, bitterness and helplessness of Xuanzong in Tang Dynasty.

Q:? Spring breeze blows your face, peaches and plums bloom at night, and autumn leaves fall all over the ground after autumn rain? How are they connected?

Let the students think first, and then guide them to realize that this is a way to write sad feelings with pleasure. This poem means that when spring blossoms and autumn leaves fall, Tang Xuanzong misses Yang Guifei, and every morning, every evening, Tang Xuanzong misses Yang Guifei. In short, he just misses her all the time.

Q:? The emperor couldn't save her, so he had to cover his face. Later, when he turned to look, what was the land of blood and tears? How to understand?

The king hid his face. Try to figure out the psychology of Xuanzong in Tang Dynasty. Why did he hide his face? We will immediately think of Li Shangyin? How can the four seasons be emperors? It is better to have Mochow's Lujia. , he hates, hate his incompetence, open the son of heaven can't save his beloved woman, hate the ruthlessness of courtiers, forcing his beloved imperial concubine to death, hate the Anshi rebellion, and once trusted him so much! But what can he do? Only? Hide your face? Just, just! ? Later, when he turned to look, where were the blood and tears? The pain in my heart is really surging. When Tanabata laughed at Penny? On the seventh day of July, in the Palace of Eternal Life, we whispered to each other in the quiet midnight world? The pledge of eternal love in those days, now floating in the wind, has become a cruel joke, and he personally sent his beloved woman to the road of death! Too ironic, too dramatic At first, I believed in great love, but in the end, I couldn't see clearly. What was tough was fate. ?

Therefore, describing Tang Xuanzong's yearning for the imperial concubine is more likely to be a kind of sadness and guilt. Because of this, this pain is so painful! This is bitter. The world of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty didn't start to snow, but it was frozen.

5. Which poems in the text show Yang Guifei's infatuation?

Look for the students and then answer. The teacher nudges the camera.

Nine. Analysis theme

Q: What does it mean to hate Song through the ages? Who hates it? Hate what? Why hate it?

1:? Long hate? The word "two" is the emotional core of this poem. Time is long, which is the witness of long feelings. Hate is a heavy regret, which represents the depth of feelings and the heaviness of pain. The meaning of hate can be different according to the orientation of the theme. Regret, regret, pain are all.

Health B: It's not just a pity. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty valued beauty over the country, and Yang Guifei confused the king? An Shi rebellion? So hate here also means regret and pain.

Firstly, Li and Yang hate each other. They really love each other, but they can't live together, leaving people and immortals in a daze.

There is also the hatred of poets and readers. I feel sorry for the love tragedy of Li and Yang.

4. Poets and readers not only hate love tragedy, but also feel sorry for the political tragedy caused by love tragedy.

Teacher's summary: Tang Xuanzong's dissoluteness led to a political tragedy, which in turn led to his love tragedy with Yang Guifei. The maker of the tragedy finally becomes the hero of the tragedy, which is a particularly tortuous part of the story and the reason why the hero and heroine in the poem want it? Long hate? Reason.

On the basis of students' discussion, summarize the theme of this poem.

What is the theme of Song of Eternal Sorrow? There have always been different lawsuits. There are three representative views as follows:

(1) fable. Write Tang Xuanzong as an emperor. Think this poem is based on the love affair between Li and Yang, satirical lewdness and misunderstanding of the country, which leads to it? An Shi rebellion? . Warn the supreme ruler to take warning and avoid repeating the same mistakes. As for the description of eternal hatred in the second half of the poem, it is not sympathy for Li and Yang, let alone praise, but a subtle and tortuous satire on the decadent country through the embarrassing scene of losing everything in his later years. It shows that as an emperor, people who love beauty must love mountains and rivers first, and if they lose mountains and rivers, beauty will be lost. People who love beauty should love their country more.

(2) Love theory. Write Tang Xuanzong as a mortal. (Bai Juyi said this is a rare thing in the world) I think the first half of this poem is ironic and dissatisfied with Li and Yang's extravagance and waste, abandoning state affairs, but this is not the main idea. The whole poem describes the love experience of the two people with most of the space, and praises the love between them. Critics also believe that the love between Li and Yang described in the poem has actually surpassed historical facts and has certain typical significance. Through this love tragedy, the author praises people's loyalty and singleness to love and reflects people's pursuit and yearning for happy love. Although Li and Yang are empresses, their love is consistent with people's lives and feelings.

(3) Dual theme theory. Is the emperor and ordinary people. On the one hand, this poem satirizes the disaster caused by Li and Yang's extravagance, on the other hand, it gives deep sympathy to their love tragedy and sincere love, and pays more attention to the latter. The whole poem runs through the binary opposition from beginning to end, and runs through the conflict between Li and Yang, the makers and undertakers of love tragedies. The embodiment of conflict is mainly the two characters themselves, and the inevitable result of conflict is the long hatred of the characters.

How to treat the three statements? Why?

Tip: To analyze the theme of Song of Eternal Sorrow, we should first pay attention to it: it is a narrative poem and tells a complete story. Li and Yang's early joy and late hatred are both indispensable parts of this story. Moreover, there is an inherent logical connection between them. The pleasure in the early stage is the obvious reason for the death and mutual hatred of the imperial concubine in the later stage, while the long-term hatred is the inevitable result of Li and Yang's indulgence and misunderstanding of the country, which eventually hurt themselves. Therefore, arbitrarily highlighting or ignoring any one of them will damage the integrity of the story, cut off the internal logic and causal connection between the front and back plots, and make the story lose its original special significance, so it is of course difficult for its comments to conform to the actual work and the author's original intention.

Secondly, it should be noted that this is a love tragedy that has been artistically treated by the author. As the two protagonists in the tragedy, Li and Yang have a special dual identity: on the one hand, their dissolute enjoyment led to the Anshi rebellion, and in a sense, they were also the makers of the tragedy; On the other hand, the Anshi Rebellion made them live in different places, meet each other late and suffer the consequences, so they are the inheritors of this tragedy. When commenting on the theme of Song of Eternal Sorrow, we must take this into account, because it is a necessary prerequisite for us to analyze and understand the author's attitude and emotional tendency towards this tragedy.

Third, and most importantly, we should pay attention to the author's right and wrong attitude and emotional tendency towards this tragedy. Song of Eternal Sorrow is a narrative poem, but it has a strong lyrical color. In the process of describing the love between Li and Yang, the author integrates his own emotions and expresses his judgment on the tragedy through emotional media. For Li and Yang's entertainment mistakes, the author obviously deliberately criticized and satirized them. Where did this come from? The emperor of China longed to shake the beauty of an empire? 、? From then on, the emperor gave up his early hearing? 、? He wastes all his time on parties and revelry. He is a lover of spring and a tyrant at night? 、? Soft songs and slow dances, string and bamboo music, the emperor's eyes can never stare at her? It can also be clearly seen in other statements. However, with the development of the story and the tragedy, the author's attitude towards Li and Yang changed from criticism and satire to sympathy and pity. Where did this come from? The emperor couldn't save her, but covered his face? 、? Until their hooves trample on those moths? 、? But the water in Shu is always green and the mountains are always blue, so your majesty's love is constant and deeper than the sky? The emperor clung to this place and refused to leave? 、? That memory, that pain. Where is her white face? ? 、? But the petals are like her face, and the willow leaves are like her eyebrows. Whenever he looks at them, what can he do but cry? ? 、? Fireflies were flying on the throne, and he was meditating in the twilight. He will extend the wick to its end and still never fall asleep. ? And so on, a lot of emotional descriptions, you can get very obvious and strong feelings. It is true that as the inheritor of tragedy, the author has deep sympathy for Li and Yang. As the maker of the tragedy, the author also condemned Li and Yang. However, the author's condemnation has its own foothold, that is, Li and Yang's wanton indulgence not only delayed the state affairs, endangered the country, but also brought great misfortune to themselves, rather than exposing the decadence of criticizing the rulers (although poetry objectively has this cognitive function). Otherwise, why did the author spend so much ink to describe the eternal hatred between Li and Yang? Even if you press it? Fable? The commentator said, what is this? Is it a subtle irony to pass through the embarrassing scene of Li Longji losing everything in his later years? Then, at least the whole description of the fourth part is unnecessary; And there is no need for the author to pour such obvious and profound sympathy between the lines!

The teacher guides the students to think. What is the focus of this unit? If the students can't answer, please read the instructions in Unit 1? Against your will, know people and talk about the world? What is this? Against your will, know people and talk about the world? Tell the students that when we analyze the theme of Song of Eternal Sorrow, we should also know others and discuss the world. We should deeply explore their life and life, and fully understand their environment and times.

Although Bai Juyi's original intention was to create Song of Eternal Sorrow? Punish the stunner, curb the chaos, and hang up later? In the first half of the poem, he satirized and criticized Tang's extravagance and waste, but it was written because of his own love experience and because he experienced a desperate love. Later, he became a sympathy for Tang Yang's love and finally became a praise for Tang Yang's love.

The teacher projected related information: the love tragedy between Bai Juyi and Xiangling.

Bai Juyi had a good relationship with a girl Xiangling since childhood, but Xiangling was born in a poor city, and Bai Juyi was born in an official family. Bai Juyi's mother had a strong concept of family status and would never agree to their marriage. In the autumn of the tenth year of Zhenyuan (804), Bai Juyi was thirty-three years old, working as a janitor in Chang 'an, and needed to move his family to Chang 'an. After returning home, he begged his mother to allow him to marry Xiangling again, but the mother, who had the highest authority in the children's marriage, not only refused his request again, but also refused to let them meet when the whole family moved away. Bai Juyi just moved home and quietly went to say goodbye to Miss Xiangling before leaving. For fear of disturbing others, they dare not speak or cry when they meet. The extremely depressed pain and gloom are all reflected in this poem "Hidden Away". Bai Juyi wrote: don't cry, sneak away; Silent, dark acacia, no one knows outside the heart. A solitary bird locks a deep cage at night, and a sword breaks branches in the spring. Although the river is turbid and clear, the bird's head is black and white. There is only seclusion and dark parting, and each other is willing to have no later period. ? Thousands of years have passed, but people still can't bear to watch.

Bai Juyi integrated his own emotional experience in the process of poetry creation, and infiltrated his own love tragedy into poetry, thus making Tang and Yang break away from the historical prototype, re-processing and transforming in art, and endowing them with broader and better connotations. Tang is no longer a dissolute and drunken king image, and Yang is no longer a disaster beauty in the traditional sense. Their love is beautified, exalted and has universal value, which has become an ode to the persistent pursuit of true love by the world. It is precisely because of this that this poem has gained eternal artistic charm and has become a love classic that will never fade.

X. The artistic features of Song of Eternal Sorrow

What moved you most about this poem? Think about it. What kind of writing skills did Bai Juyi use to impress you?

1. This poem adopts a seven-character ballad style, which creates a new tone on the basis of inheriting the peacock flying southeast in the Han Dynasty and the four outstanding figures and seven ancient figures in the early Tang Dynasty. In form, even and even sentences are used, even and even sentences are used, and several sentences are rhymed. Syllables are tortuous with the plot and frustrated according to the situation, and many thimbles are used, such as? There are other women in his court, 3,000 stunning beauties, but his love for 3,000 women is concentrated on one person? And so on, make the rhyme more harmonious and clear, tactfully moving. Later generations call it? Evergreen style .

2. The story is vivid and tortuous

The combination of realistic plot and imaginary plot makes long poems full of legend and romance.

(2) Using the method of opening and closing ups and downs, the plot is ups and downs and full of changes.

3. Delicate and vivid characterization

① Li Longji: lascivious and earnest, sincere and persistent in love.

② Yang Yuhuan: Beauty and loyalty.

3. Narrative, lyric and description are integrated into one furnace.

Combine two or three poems? ... high rose and plum palace, into the blue clouds? Where to? However, no lovely soul visited his dream? Analyze the characteristics of emotion and scenery in poetry.

This is a narrative poem with strong lyrical elements. The poet adopted the expressive techniques that China's traditional poems are good at telling stories and portraying characters, and harmoniously combined narrative, scenery description and lyricism, forming the lyrical characteristics of poetry. Poets sometimes inject the thoughts and feelings of the characters into the scenery, and use the refraction of the scenery to contrast the mood of the characters; Sometimes we grasp the distinctive scenery and things around the characters, express their inner feelings through their feelings, and render them layer by layer, appropriately expressing the unspeakable feelings hidden in the hearts of the characters.

Summary:

As a narrative poem that will never be sung again, Song of Eternal Sorrow has achieved great artistic success ... Throughout the ages, many people have affirmed the special artistic charm of this poem. What infected and seduced readers with the art of Song of Eternal Sorrow? I am afraid it is its greatest artistic personality, and it is the power that attracts readers for thousands of years, making them infected and tempted. What else is there? Multi-topic theory? Yes, projection.