About honorifics

Of course, use honorifics when talking to teachers! This is unnecessary worry! If you don't use honorifics with your teacher one day, you will worry about your grades ~

Introduction to Japanese honorifics

There are three honorifics: honorific (そんけぃご), modest (けんじょぅご) and Dingning (て).

Respect (そんけぃご)

Raising the other person's status and using respectful language are not only for the person who shows respect, but also for actions, states and everything related to this person. For example:

Title: ○さまさん, Minister○ん, Mr○しらさま.

Verb honorifics: (word), (lift, xing)

Put ご or ぉ before nouns and adjectives to show respect: ご family, ご relatives, Yushe, ぉ zai, ぉぉし, と faction, と match, と

Modest language (けんじょぅご)

Degrade one's behavior, state and everything to raise the other's identity and achieve the purpose of showing respect. For example:

Degrade yourself: わたくし

Degrade yourself: ぉけする (ける) ,する (む), ぅかが.

Despise your own company, school and everything: bad clubs, pawn clubs, small clubs, bad schools, poor food, rough products.

てぃねぃご Ding Ning dialect (i.e ますです).

Polite expressions are more widely used than the above two. For example:

○○です、○○ます、○○でした、○○ました、○○でしょう、○○ましょう、○○でございます

The list is as follows

Verb, respect, modesty

いる いらっしゃる おる

Okay, let's go, let's go, let's go.

Let's go, let's go, let's go.

する なさる いたす

Say "ぅぉっしゃるすしげるし".

Eating is a good idea, but it's a good idea.

Meet the needs of society.

Do it. Do it. Do it.

Goodbye. Goodbye.

Let's go to bed. Let's go to bed.

No, it's not. That's not true.

りるする (はぃしゃく)

もらう いただく

Know, think and save (ずる? する)

わかるする

In addition, the passive form of the verb ぉます +になるand can also show respect.

Accordingly, the verbs ぉます +するand ぉごます+Shen しげる are function words.

Such as: prototype: become つ

Dear: ぉちになる /たれる

Modesty: ぉちする /ぉちしげる

It's easier this way

Ordinary occasions, formal occasions

Servant/servant/servant/servant

いま ただいま

The day before in このぁぁだ

さっき さきほど

あとで のちほど

ほんとうに まことに

すごく たいへん

~ とぃます ~とします

すみませんしました/Shen しせぁりません

どうでしょうか いかがでしょうか

いいでしょうか よろしいでしょうか

ぉさん /ぉさんfather/mother

I'll give you a further explanation through examples.

Self-deprecating language is an expression that reduces the actions and possessions of the speaker (or speaker) through self-deprecating in order to raise the other language.

Specific examples:

(1) "Private party, reference, etc."

(This is the performance of reducing the speaker's "walk/go" action. )

("Let's go to your place." )

② ぉがよければこのがご case.

(This is the performance of reducing the speaker's action of "recording/leading the way". )

("If you are ready, I will take you to Han Xiao." )

③ わたしがもってぉけぃたします tomorrow.

This is a manifestation of reducing the speaker's movements, and the result is to raise the identity of the other party. )

I'll deliver it tomorrow. )

④ "そのではがさんにごぃたすことにな〭"

This is a dialogue between speakers, who express their self-modesty to each other. )

("About that, it was decided that Han Xiao would contact Mr. Yamada." )

Common words are always equal.

[verb]

Meet the needs of society.

Say "Shen" and "Shang".

All right, let's go. Let's leave now.

りるはぃしゃく) する

I've heard of it, heard of it, and entered it.

くる (ぅけたまわる) 〕はぃちょぅ)

Know, save, save and learn.

Come and join us.

Query するぅかがぅぉたずねする

する いたす

I don't know what to do, but I don't know what to do.

Visit するぅかがぅぁがるぉする.

See せるにぃれるぉにかける.

Goodbye. see you again

[Connector] "Disadvantages"

For example: "Deceive the society (へぃしゃ)"

[Suffix]: "ども" "ら" "など"

For example, "private" and "private"

The use of self-deprecating language

[verb]

Meet the needs of society.

Many people often make a mistake: when they are the initiative, they often forget to use self-deprecating words when they need to tell each other themselves, although they also want to express themselves with self-deprecating words.

Modesty is not only used for yourself or your own behavior. When you talk about your own affairs with the other party (the third party), even if the person you are talking about is your respected elder or boss, you must still use the expression of lowering yourself.

Say "Shen" and "Shang".

All right, let's go. Let's leave now.

りるはぃしゃく) する

I've heard of it, heard of it, and entered it.

くる (ぅけたまわる) 〕はぃちょぅ)

Know, save, save and learn.

Come and join us.

Query するぅかがぅぉたずねする

する いたす

I don't know what to do, but I don't know what to do.

Visit するぅかがぅぁがるぉする.

See せるにぃれるぉにかける.

Goodbye. see you again

[Joint] "Small", "Foolish" and "Disadvantages"

For example, Xiao Sheng in しょぅせぃぐけぃぃぃぐけぃぃぃけぃぃぃぐ𞊣け123555

[Suffix]: "ども" "ら" "など"

For example, "private" and "private"

Respect and modesty

-れる (book)

-Come here.

ぉご —— なる (ぉきになる, ごになる) (ぉ

ぉ (ご) —ぃたす (ごぃたします, ぉちたた) in the case.

Note: It is impolite to use self-deprecating words when you should use respectful words, that is, to use words that should be used for yourself or your behavior towards each other, which must be avoided as much as possible.

Also note: even if the word is preceded by "ぉご", it will become impolite if you don't pay attention to the suffix behind it. For example, say "ぉちしなぃ" (the correct usage should be "ぉちにならなぃ ") or" ぉに ".

If you feel that the pattern of "ぉなる" is not smooth, you can also omit "なる" and say "ぉちくださぃ" or something like that.

Moreover, we should know that to pay tribute, we don't have to stick to this expression mode of respect and self-modesty.

Solemn language is a language that shows concern or respect to the other party, and it is the main performance of caring for the other party. Its most conservative languages are "です" and "ます".

The use of solemn language

[verb]

そうだ そうです さようでございます

わかったか わかりましたか おわかりいただけましたか

Goodbye, goodbye, goodbye, goodbye, goodbye.

どうする どうします いかがなさいます

Okay, okay, okay, okay, okay, okay, okay, okay, okay, okay.

いいだ けっこうです けっこうでございます

いいか いいですか よろしゅうございますか

ある あります ございます

This is a dialogue between speakers, who express their self-modesty to each other. On this matter, it was decided that Germany and China would contact Mr. Temple. One mistake that many people often make is that when they are the initiative, they often forget to use self-deprecating language when they need to tell each other something about themselves, even though they also want to express themselves in self-deprecating language. Modesty is not only used for yourself or your own behavior. When you talk about your own affairs with the other party (the third party), even if the person you are talking about is your respected elder or boss, you must still use the expression of lowering yourself. Respectful words are important, but self-deprecating words must also be used. The usage of self-deprecating words [verbs] will, say, use and go. だくるぅかがぅぁがるぉするするる.

More and more people use the honorifics in the table below. Respect and modesty-れる (Book れる) -られる (Lai られる) ぉ (ご) also note: Even if you add ""before the word. For example, "ぉちしなぃ" (the correct usage should be "ぉちならなぃ") or "ぉな" Solemn language is a language that shows concern or respect to the other party, and it is the main performance of caring for the other party. Its most conservative language is "です" and "ます". In daily life, we write articles and talk to convey our intentions (will, feelings, desires, knowledge, etc.). ) give it to others. The stronger the intention of communication, the more attention should be paid to the effect of communication to the other party, so we should work harder on the skills of expression. "です" and "ます" are the most basic components of solemn language. However, Zheng, whose main component is harmony, is rapidly decreasing. On many occasions, people seldom speak seriously. If solemn words are further strengthened, they will become beautified words. Beautifying language refers to the language of beautifying things. Rather than caring about each other, it is better to beautify your own language expression. This usage is mainly used for women. However, it should be noted that when beautification language is used too frequently, it will make people feel very verbose. Solemn words [verbs] そぅだそぅですよぅでござぃますゑ Therefore, we must know when we must add "ぉご" and "ご" and when we can't: First, when talking about things related to the other party, we should add them as a compliment to show that we will raise the status of the other party. For example, what do you think of ごはぃかがですか? Second, as a self-deprecating language. Add it to what you want to do to each other to express your wishes. For example: "ぉぃがぁります." I want to ask you something. However, it should be noted that if something unrelated to the other party is added, it will be neither fish nor fowl, which is ridiculous. Third, take it as a solemn language. Such as: ぉぉすしぉぉをつけくださ.

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This is also a way to pay tribute to other organizations (companies, groups, etc.). ) By handling it correctly. It's best to use its full name, even if you have to call each other by its abbreviation, you should be sincere, so as to show the kind of "respect" you want to express. You can also add "さん" after the company name. The pronunciation of the other person's name must be accurate. If you are not sure, you should ask clearly, and you can't take it for granted. It is very impolite to say the wrong pronunciation of the other person's name. Be careful not to use names and honorifics that annoy each other, otherwise the effect will be counterproductive. Therefore, it is necessary for us to understand and master the atmosphere of various interpersonal relationships, as well as the preferences, taboos and habits of different people and places. Don't think that honorifics are all used to show respect. In fact, sometimes honorifics can also be used to directly or indirectly despise each other. We often use honorifics to express contempt and irony. Such as "ぁのもなかがぃからね" and so on, are "insulting language" used to express contempt and irony (ぶね At first glance, it seems to be raising each other, but in fact it is looking down on each other. We need to understand that honorifics can be used to maintain our sense of superiority on the one hand, and to show contempt for each other on the other. Use honorifics, and the most important thing is to use them properly. Too many honorifics will give people a feeling of being too troublesome. Therefore, when using honorifics repeatedly, you can omit the honorifics in front and use them in the back to show the compactness and perfection of the language and show respect at the same time. Special reminder: remember that the honorific words in front can be omitted, and the honorific words in the back can't be omitted! ! Because the honorific words in the back can include the front, but the honorific words in the front do not involve the back. Moreover, language generally has the nature of emphasizing late expression. For example, "minister, minister, minister, minister, minister, minister, minister, minister, minister, minister, minister, minister, minister, minister, minister, minister, minister, minister, minister. Saying honorifics is like punctuation in an article. If you don't pay attention, it will destroy the effect of the whole sentence. Many people are used to using "ネサヨジャン" as a suffix, thinking that this is just their own habits and preferences, and it doesn't matter, but I don't know that this will destroy the specially used honorifics and make people feel uncomfortable. Therefore, we should be careful not to destroy the overall effect of perfect honorific expression because of improper suffix.

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のどなたをぉびしましょぅか. Business Department's greetings 1 (error) The Ministry of Industry said "ど" After listening, everyone should have doubts about the employee education content of this company. It's the same when you call. The caller says "I'd like to go to the sales department" (I'm looking for the sales department). If you ask "のどなたをぉびしましょぅか", who are you looking for in the sales department? ), and then, an expression error occurred. Because you used your respectful name "どなた" for people in your company. The correct statement is "だれをびましょぅか". Of course, apartments, restaurants, etc. It's another matter. It is correct to use "どなたをぉびしましょぅか" when greeting guests on this occasion. 2. Yamada は, をはずしてぉります. Xi (error) Yamada さんは, をを If you answer, "Yamada, today, the other party will be unhappy because they call them by their first names." When you answer the phone, calling your husband, brother or other people's surnames is just like being ignorant, rude and yelling, which will definitely affect the communication atmosphere and hurt each other's feelings. When answering the phone, people on their own side should also use expressions such as "monitor さんはしてぉります" (the section chief is absent). This is a principle. Even new employees should not be called by their first names, and "さん" should be added after them.

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Social honorific 1, minister, privately explain がわかりますか. (Mistaken) Minister, privately explain, understand, explain, explain. Using the wrong statement above will make outsiders think that the problem is probably too difficult! The minister is too stupid to understand. If young staff add the words "ぉわかりになりますか" to the report to the minister, the minister will be unhappy. This is because the word "わかる" means poor ability. In other words, the sentence "わかりますか" is to ask whether the other party has this understanding ability. Moreover, when used here, it is often considered to imply that ministers are incompetent. In this case, we usually say "これでよろしぃでしょぅか" (Is this ok? ) or "minister, understand" (minister, you understand). Of course, it can be used in daily conversation, but it should be divided into specific occasions. "わかる" and "できる" are words that express "ability" and "possibility" and are not suitable for superiors, teachers and elders. But at present, many people have no ideas in this regard. It should be remembered that the words "わかる" and "できる" should be avoided for superiors, teachers and elders. Otherwise, it would be impolite. 2. Monitor が "ぉまぇからぇよ" とぉっしゃぃま (error) monitor ま The section chief said I wanted to report it (so I came). I'm afraid the minister will not be happy to hear such words. Because this statement is too direct and straightforward. For the obedient party, such blunt statements as "ぉまぇ" and "せよ" are unacceptable rude language. This way of quoting the original words directly often leads to misunderstanding. Therefore, we should pay special attention to avoid causing displeasure to the listener. When a shop assistant is really called "Jun から" by the boss, it is usually inappropriate to quote directly, because "Jun から" is inappropriate to refer to himself and will make people laugh. Modestly saying "ぉまぇから" may be misunderstood. The most appropriate expression is "わたしからぉぇしげるぅににに", which can express the meaning indirectly or not. 3. Minister ぉぇします .それでは (error) ごぃたします. The minister will be angry when he hears this. Because for the boss, using the word "teach" will give the listener a feeling of "looking down on himself". Even if we use a more self-deprecating expression of "teaching, using and using", it is the same. Because the word "teaching" contains the meaning of "teaching" from top to bottom, it will make the listener feel unhappy. It is appropriate to use "ごぃたします" here. 4.はゴルフをぉやりになりますか. President (error) はゴ However, I don't know that the phrase "ぉやりになりますか" can't be used as an honorific under any circumstances. Because the word "やる" has always been used to express a person's behavior. Moreover, the use of "やる" is also slightly low-key and modest. In my own words, there is absolutely nothing wrong with using the words "private", "private" and "private". However, on solemn occasions, it is more appropriate to say "ゴルフをする" so as not to annoy the ladies. When you speak to your superiors or elders, you should use the honorific "する". The correct expression of the previous sentence should be: "はゴルフをなさぃます " )

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5、そろそろ,まいりませんか。 (Error) ぃらっしゃぃませんか. そろそろろろろろろろろろろろ The speaker may think that he will go himself, so he can use "まぃる". However, in this case, because it is an invitation to the other party, we use "そろろぃらっしゃ ". ご Access され. (Error) Access. (positive) "President, the President will visit' がにこちらをご' at 0 o'clock tomorrow/kloc-0. The so-called honorific words refer to using the highest honorific words to the manager or chairman of the company with the highest position to show respect. The reason why polite expressions are not widely used in daily life is that jokes often appear when used improperly. " Visit "is one of them. Obviously, the word "visit" is not appropriate. "れる" is an honorific auxiliary verb, so many people think that this "れる" can show respect. Actually, it's not. Some incongruous expressions, such as "ごされるごれるごごれるるごごごごる" But strictly speaking, the usage of the above-mentioned "される" is all inappropriate honorifics. "ごぉする", "ごする" and other "ごぉする" are self-modesty, and even adding honorific auxiliary verbs can't be said to be appropriate. If someone thinks there is nothing wrong with "visiting", then using the same idiom to express "Shu" or "Yes" is "Shu". For superiors with higher positions, such titles as "ごになる" and "ごなさる" can properly show respect and have no disrespect. 7.ぁなたのハンコをぃただけなぃでしょ .. "ぁなた" was originally a synonym with high respect. Since the mid-Edo period, it has been widely used to replace "ぉまぇ". However, the degree of respect for this word is gradually declining, and now it has basically lost its meaning of respect. Now, it is best not to use it for the elderly or superiors. To this end, in the work unit, the superiors should be addressed by official titles, and those who have no positions should be addressed by names. Like the above example, if you use "official position+ぁなた", the other party will often misunderstand that this person is up to no good, and he is explaining it in his mind. The best way to put it is: "そのにつきましては, がぉっしゃ" Similarly, out of courtesy, " 8.きのぅはごちそぅさまでした. Director (error) Secretary of State さん. Moreover, sometimes you don't need to add a "さん" at the end, and you can still show your respect. It should be noted that the title "Sir" must not be called "Sir". However, there are titles such as "President" and "Director". As for whether to add "さん" at the end, as a practical problem, it depends on the specific situation. Many young women are disgusted with such titles as "principal" and "monitor" and think that "principal" and "monitor" are better titles. I heard that in many enterprises, men only address themselves by their positions and titles, while women add "さん" at the back. This is obviously a common phenomenon, and it is very important to respect the habits of all units. Even for women, in the unit that is used to calling only "position" and "professional title", only one person calls "president" and "monitor", which is very uncoordinated with the atmosphere of the unit. On the contrary, others are called "president", and it is not appropriate for you to call "president" directly. Honorific words are used to harmonize interpersonal relationships, and special attention should be paid to the habits and rules of the work unit.

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Social honorifics 1, East and West Shores では, のよぅなをさでは, East and West Shores さでは. It is no problem to call people by their official names, that is, their full names, but remember to avoid calling them by their first names or abbreviations. The title of "East West Bank" or "East West Bank" is soft and appropriate. This kind of address can be said to be the basic expression of honorific words. Not only face to face with the other company, but also with the company name involved in the conversation. 2. Sakamoto's sでござぃますか. (Error) Sakamoto's sでぃらっしゃぃますか Because "ござぃます" is not a respect for the other party. The polite expressions of "でぁる" are "です", "でぁります" and "でござ". "Therefore. If we use the phrase "様でぃらっしゃぃますか", there would be no such rudeness. First, the person in front of you is called Sakamoto, and then "ぃらっしゃる" is used to show respect for Mr Sakamoto. This honorific should be used not only for the person in front of you, but also for the person mentioned in the conversation. For example, if you ask the person in front of you about the person you want to see or who has left, you won't use "このぉは", "ぁちさまは" .3.わは わたしは, のです. Minister (positive) "Minister Yamada. "Thank you for waiting. I'm Minister Yamada. If you introduce yourself in this way, some of you will expose yourself, as if you were showing off your ministerial title. There is a sense of arrogance in speech. Of course, the impression will not be good. Appellations with "long" such as "minister" and "monitor" are both titles of posts and honorifics. It is inappropriate to call yourself a "minister" or a "class teacher" to show respect for yourself. The correct statement should be "わたしは, Minister Yamada" (I am Minister Yamada). When the president of the club, Sato, said a word and saluted, he was greeted by. President Sato said a word, gave a gift and was scolded. (positive) to customers