The Battle of Jingxing in Classical Chinese

1. The original text and translation of the Battle of Jingxing

The original text of "The Battle of Jingxing": Xin and Zhang Er, with tens of thousands of soldiers, wanted to go east to Jingxing to attack Zhao.

The king of Zhao and Chen Yu, the king of Cheng'an, heard about the Han Dynasty and attacked it. They gathered troops at Jingxingkou, claiming to be two hundred thousand. Li Zuoche, the king of Guangwu, said to Cheng Anjun: "I heard that Han Xin of the Han Dynasty crossed the Xihe River and captured the king of Wei. Qin Xia said that there was a bloody battle, and now he is supplemented by Zhang Er, who wants to conquer Zhao. He will take advantage of the victory and go to the country. When fighting from afar, one cannot take the lead.

The ministers heard that food was sent from thousands of miles away, and the soldiers were hungry. , marching for hundreds of miles, the food will be behind them.

The original army of 30,000 false ministers will cut off their baggage from the road. There is no way to fight, no way to retreat, my troops will be able to defeat them, so that there will be no plunder in the field. In less than ten days, the heads of the two generals will be killed.

The original king will pay attention to the plan of the minister. "

Cheng'an Jun, a Confucian, often said that righteous soldiers do not need to use deceit and tricks, and said: "I have heard of the ten principles of war. If the number of soldiers is tens of thousands, it is actually only a few thousand.

If you can attack me from thousands of miles away, you can't do it now. If there is a big one in the future, why do you want to attack me? The princes say that I am cowardly and come to attack me lightly."

If you don't listen to Guangwu Jun's strategy, Guangwu Jun's strategy will not be used. Han Xin was so happy that he dared to lead his troops and went down.

Thirty miles before arriving at Jingxingkou, we stopped. In the middle of the night, a message was sent out, and two thousand men of light cavalry were selected, each holding a red flag. They looked at the Zhao army from the Jiandao Mountain, and warned: "When Zhao sees me leaving, he will chase me with an empty wall. If he rushes into the Zhao wall, he will pull out the Zhao flag. "The red flag of Han Dynasty was established."

He ordered his generals to pass on the food and said: "We will break Zhao's food today!" The base is a wall, and he has not seen my general's banners and is not willing to move forward, fearing that I will be blocked and return."

Xin Nai ordered ten thousand people to go ahead and go out, carrying the water. Zhao Jun laughed when he saw it.

On the first day of the Ping Dynasty, General Xinjian's banners and drums came out of Jingxingkou, Zhao Kaibi attacked them, and the battle lasted for a long time. So Xin and Zhang Erxiang abandoned the drums and flags and went to the water army.

The water army moved in and resumed the battle. Zhao Guo fought against Han Xin and Zhang Er with empty walls and drum flags.

Han Xin and Zhang Er have joined the water army. They are fighting to the death and cannot be defeated. A surprise troop of 2,000 cavalry came out of Xinsuo. They waited for Zhao Kongbi to pursue the advantage. Then they galloped into Zhaobi. They all pulled out Zhao flags and set up 2,000 red banners of Han Dynasty.

The Zhao army was defeated and could not be trusted. When they wanted to return to the wall, they were all red flags of the Han Dynasty. They were shocked and thought that the Han army had captured the generals of the King of Zhao. The soldiers were in chaos and fled. Although the Zhao generals Cut it off, you can't ban it. So the Han soldiers attacked from a pinch and defeated the Zhao army. They cut Anjun into pieces and forced the King of Zhao to rest on the water.

Full text translation of "The Battle of Jingxing": After the Han army was defeated in Pengcheng, King Sima Xin of Sai and King Dong Yi of Zhai rebelled against Han and surrendered to Chu. Qi and Zhao also rebelled against Han and reconciled with Chu. In June, King Bao of Wei asked for leave to return to his hometown on the pretext of visiting his mother's illness. As soon as he arrived in the feudal state, he immediately cut off the main traffic road at Linjin Pass at the Yellow River ferry, rebelled against the king of Han, and made peace with the Chu army.

The king of Han sent Li Sheng to lobby Wei Bao, but failed. In August of this year, the King of Han appointed Han Xin as Prime Minister Zuo to attack King Bao of Wei.

The King of Wei stationed the main force in Puban and blocked Linjin Pass, the Yellow River ferry. Han Xin added more suspected troops and deliberately arranged warships to pretend to cross the river at Linjin. However, the hidden troops used wooden pots and urns to float across the river from Xia Yang and attacked Anyi.

King Bao of Wei panicked and led his army to attack Han Xin. Han Xin captured Wei Bao, pacified Wei and reorganized it into Hedong County. The King of Han sent Zhang Er and Han Xin to lead the troops eastward and attack Zhao and Dai in the north.

In the leap month of this year, the army of Dai was defeated. Zaiyu said that he had captured Xia alive.

After Han Xin conquered Wei and destroyed Dai, the King of Han immediately sent people to transfer Han Xin's elite troops to Xingyang to resist the Chu army. Han Xin and Zhang Er led hundreds of thousands of troops to break through Jingxingkou and attack Zhao.

When King Zhao and Chen Yu, Lord of Cheng'an, heard that the Han army was about to attack Zhao, they gathered troops at Jingxingkou, claiming to be an army of 200,000. Li Zuoche, Lord of Guangwu, proposed a plan to Lord Cheng'an: "I heard that the Han general Han Xin crossed the Xihe River, captured Wei Bao, and captured Xia alive. He said that he had recently been bloodbathed, and now he was assisted by Zhang Er, and planned to seize Zhao.

This is an expedition to leave the country in the spirit of victory, and its momentum is unstoppable. However, I heard that the soldiers will look hungry when they transport food and wages thousands of miles, and the army will not be able to cut firewood and grass for cooking. Always eat well.

At present, two chariots cannot run parallel to each other on the Jingxing road, and the cavalry cannot line up. The marching army is sent out in the middle of the night, and two thousand light cavalry are selected. Each person took a red flag and went up the mountain from a hidden path to observe Zhao's army.

Han Xin warned: "During the battle, if the Zhao army sees that our army is defeated, they will definitely mobilize to chase me." Army, you rush into the Zhao army's camp, pull down the Zhao army's flag, and raise the Han army's red flag. "The Zhao army came out of camp to attack. After a long battle, Lord Han Xin abandoned the drum and flag, pretended to run away, and retreated to the military formation by the river.

Upon seeing this, the Zhao army fought for the abandoned drum and flag of the Han army. At this point, Han Xin's back-to-back army was furious.

With no way to retreat, they fought tooth and nail to defeat the Zhao army who had just won. The plan was to pull down all the flags of the Zhao army and erect the two thousand red flags of the Han army.

At this time, the Zhao army could no longer win and could not capture Han Xin and others, so he wanted to retreat to the camp. The red flags of the Han army were planted all over, and they were shocked. They thought that the Han army had captured all the generals of King Zhao, so the army was in chaos and fled. Even if the Zhao generals killed the deserters, they could not stop them. So the Han soldiers attacked from both sides and completely. The Zhao army was defeated, a large number of troops were captured, and King Zhao Xie was captured alive on the banks of the Sang River.

Han Xin ordered the entire army not to kill Lord Guangwu, and he would be rewarded with a thousand gold coins if he could be captured alive. Someone tied up Guangwu Jun and sent him to the military camp. Han Xin personally untied him and asked him to sit facing east and facing west, treating him like a teacher.

The generals presented their heads. The commander and the prisoners congratulated Han Xin, and took the opportunity to say to Han Xin: "The Art of War says: 'The marching formation should have mountains on the right and behind, and water on the front and left.' This time the general ordered us to line up against the enemy and said, "We defeated the Zhao army." We were not convinced, but we actually won. What kind of tactic was this? Han Xin replied: "This is also in the art of war, but you didn't pay attention."

Isn’t it said in the art of war that ‘trap yourself in a place of death and then survive, put yourself in a place of death and then survive’? Besides, I have never had the opportunity to train the soldiers. This is what we call "driving the people in the market to fight." 2. Classical Chinese translation of the Battle of Jingxing

After the Han army was defeated in Pengcheng, King Sima Xin of Sai and King Dong Yi of Zhai rebelled against Han and surrendered to Chu. Qi and Zhao also rebelled against Han and reconciled with Chu. In June, King Bao of Wei asked for leave to return to his hometown on the pretext of visiting his mother's illness. As soon as he arrived in the feudal state, he immediately cut off the main traffic road at Linjin Pass at the Yellow River ferry, rebelled against the king of Han, and made peace with the Chu army. The king of Han sent Li Sheng to lobby Wei Bao, but failed. In August of this year, the King of Han appointed Han Xin as Prime Minister Zuo to attack King Bao of Wei. The King of Wei stationed the main force in Puban and blocked Linjin Pass, the Yellow River ferry. Han Xin added more suspected troops and deliberately arranged warships to pretend to cross the river at Linjin. However, the hidden troops used wooden pots and urns to float across the river from Xia Yang and attacked Anyi. King Bao of Wei panicked and led his army to attack Han Xin. Han Xin captured Wei Bao, pacified Wei and reorganized it into Hedong County. The King of Han sent Zhang Er and Han Xin to lead the troops eastward and attack Zhao and Dai in the north. In the leap month of this year, the army of Dai was defeated. Zaiyu said that he had captured Xia alive. After Han Xin conquered Wei and destroyed Dai, the King of Han immediately sent people to transfer Han Xin's elite troops to Xingyang to resist the Chu army.

Han Xin and Zhang Er led hundreds of thousands of troops to break through Jingxingkou and attack Zhao. King Zhao and Chen Yu, Lord of Cheng'an, heard that the Han army was about to attack Zhao and gathered troops at Jingxingkou, claiming to be an army of 200,000.

Li Zuoche, Lord of Guangwu, offered his advice to Lord Cheng'an: "I heard that Han sent Han Xin across the Xihe River, captured Wei Bao, and captured Xia alive. He said that he had recently been bloodbathed, and now he was assisted by Zhang Er, and planned to seize Zhao. This is Leaving the home country with the vigor of victory, its edge is unstoppable. However, I heard that when transporting food and wages thousands of miles away, the soldiers will look hungry and cut firewood and grass for cooking. The army cannot always have enough food at Jingxing. On this road, two chariots cannot run parallel, cavalry cannot line up in a row, the marching army is hundreds of miles away, and the team transporting food is bound to lag far behind. I hope you can temporarily allocate 30,000 troops to me, and use hidden paths to escape. To intercept their supplies of food and fodder, you dig deep trenches, build high forts, and hold on to the barracks without engaging in combat. They cannot fight forward and cannot retreat backward. I send out surprise troops to cut off their retreat, so that they can plunder nothing in the wilderness. In less than ten days, the heads of the two generals will be delivered to the general's tent. I hope you will consider my plan carefully, otherwise you will be captured by them. "Cheng Anjun is a rigid scholar who believes in Confucianism. The army that often claims justice does not need to deceive and trick, saying: "I heard in military books that if you have ten times the enemy's strength, you can surround it, and if you have twice the enemy's strength, you can engage in battle. Now Han Xin's army is said to be tens of thousands, but in fact it is only a few. Thousands of people have traveled thousands of miles to attack us. Now that I can't avoid attacking, how can I deal with the powerful follow-up troops? The princes will think that I am coward and will attack us easily. Lord Guangwu’s plan.

Han Xin sent people to investigate secretly and learned that Lord Guangwu's plan was not adopted. He came back to report. Han Xin was overjoyed and dared to lead his troops into the Jingxing narrow road. We were still thirty miles away from Jingxingkou, so we stopped and camped. 3. The Battle of Jingxing, original text in classical Chinese

Xin and Zhang Er, with tens of thousands of troops, wanted to go east to Jingxing to attack Zhao.

The king of Zhao and Chen Yu, the king of Cheng'an, heard about the Han Dynasty and attacked it. They gathered troops at Jingxingkou, claiming to be two hundred thousand. Li Zuoche, the king of Guangwu, said to Cheng Anjun: "I heard that Han Xin of the Han Dynasty crossed the Xihe River and captured the king of Wei. Qin Xia said that Xin Xin was bloody and wanted to conquer Zhao. Now he is supplemented by Zhang Er. He wants to go to Zhao. He will take advantage of the victory and go to the country. When fighting at a distance, one cannot take the lead.

The ministers heard that food was sent from thousands of miles away, and the soldiers were hungry. , marching for hundreds of miles, the food will be behind them.

The original army of 30,000 false ministers will cut off their baggage from the road. There is no way to fight, no way to retreat, my troops will be able to defeat them, so that there will be no plunder in the field. In less than ten days, the heads of the two generals will be killed.

The original king will pay attention to the plan of the minister. ”

Cheng’anjun, a Confucian, often said that righteous soldiers do not need to use deceit and tricks, saying: “I heard that the art of war is to encircle an enemy, and to fight if it is doubled. The number is tens of thousands, but it is actually only a few thousand.

If you can attack me from thousands of miles away, you can't do it now. If there is a big one in the future, why should you attack me? Come and attack me."

If you don't listen to Guangwu Jun's strategy, you won't use Guangwu Jun's strategy. Han Xin was so happy that he dared to lead his troops and went down.

Thirty miles before arriving at Jingxingkou, we stopped. In the middle of the night, a message was sent out, and two thousand men of light cavalry were selected, each holding a red flag. They looked at the Zhao army from the Jiandao Mountain, and warned: "When Zhao sees me leaving, he will chase me with an empty wall. If he rushes into the Zhao wall, he will pull out the Zhao flag. "The red flag of Han Dynasty was established."

He ordered his generals to pass on the food and said: "We will break Zhao's food today!" We first set up a convenient ground as a wall, and since they have not seen my generals, they are not willing to attack and move forward, fearing that I will be blocked and return."

Xin Nai ordered ten thousand people to go ahead and go out with the water behind them. Zhao Jun laughed when he saw it.

On the first day of the Ping Dynasty, General Xinjian's banners and drums came out of Jingxingkou, Zhao Kaibi attacked them, and the battle lasted for a long time. So Xin and Zhang Erxiang abandoned the drums and flags and went to the water army.

The water army moved in and resumed the battle. Zhao Guo fought against Han Xin and Zhang Er with empty walls and drum flags.

Han Xin and Zhang Er have joined the water army. They are fighting to the death and cannot be defeated. A surprise troop of 2,000 cavalry was sent out from Xinsuo. They waited for Zhao Kongbi to pursue the advantage. Then they galloped into Zhaobi. They all pulled out the Zhao flag and set up 2,000 red banners of the Han Dynasty.

The Zhao army was defeated and could not be trusted. When they wanted to return to the wall, they were all red flags of the Han Dynasty. They were shocked and thought that the Han army had captured the generals of the King of Zhao. The soldiers were in chaos and fled. Although the Zhao generals Cut it off, you can't ban it. So the Han soldiers attacked from a pinch and defeated the Zhao army. They cut Anjun into pieces and forced the King of Zhao to rest on the water. 4. The Battle of Jingxing, original text in classical Chinese

Xin and Zhang Er, with tens of thousands of troops, wanted to go east to Jingxing to attack Zhao. When King Zhao and Chen Yu, Lord of Cheng'an, heard about the Han Dynasty and attacked, they gathered troops at Jingxingkou, claiming to be 200,000. Li Zuoche, the king of Guangwu, said to Cheng Anjun: "I heard that Han Xin of the Han Dynasty crossed the Xihe River and captured the king of Wei. Qin Xia said that Xin Xin was bloody, and now he is assisting.

He opened his ears and discussed that he wanted to surrender to Zhao. , Taking advantage of the victory to go to the country to fight, the front can not be taken. The ministers heard that food was sent from thousands of miles away, and the soldiers were hungry. , march for hundreds of miles, and the food will be behind them. They have 30,000 false troops, and they will cut off their baggage along the way. There are deep ditches and high fortresses under their feet, and they will not fight in front of them, and they will not be able to retreat. My troops will be able to defeat them, so that there will be no plunder in the country. In less than ten days, the heads of the two generals will be killed. If the original monarch pays attention to the plan of the minister, he will be captured by the second son. "Cheng Anjun is also a Confucian." , often said that righteous soldiers do not need to use deceit and tricks, saying: "I have heard that the art of war is to surround an enemy ten times, and to fight if it is doubled. Today, Han Xin's soldiers have tens of thousands, but in fact they are only a few thousand. They can attack me thousands of miles away, and they have stopped. Today If I avoid attacking like this, why should I be attacked by someone powerful later? Then the princes will say that I am cowardly and come to attack me lightly. "If you don't listen to Guangwu's strategy, you will not use it."

Han Xin made the world look at him, knowing that he was useless and repaying him. He was overjoyed and dared to lead his troops. Thirty miles before arriving at Jingxingkou, we stopped. In the middle of the night, a message was sent out, and two thousand men of light cavalry were selected, each holding a red flag. They looked at the Zhao army from the Jiandao Mountain, and warned: "When Zhao sees me leaving, he will chase me with an empty wall. If he rushes into the Zhao wall, he will pull out the Zhao flag. He ordered his subordinates to pass on the enemy and said: "We will destroy Zhao today!" All the generals responded, "No." He told the military officer: "Zhao has taken advantage of the situation. Moreover, he has not seen my general's banners and is not willing to move forward, fearing that I will be blocked and return." Xin then asked ten thousand people to go ahead and leave the water behind. Zhao Jun laughed when he saw it. On the first day of the Ping Dynasty, General Xinjian's banners and drums came out of Jingxingkou. Zhao Kaibi attacked them and the battle lasted for a long time. So Xin and Zhang Erxiang abandoned the drums and flags and went to the water army. The water army moved in and resumed fighting. Zhao Guo fought against Han Xin and Zhang Er with empty walls and drum flags. Han Xin and Zhang Er have joined the floating army. They are fighting to the death and cannot be defeated. A surprise troop of 2,000 cavalry came out of Xinsuo. They waited for Zhao Kongbi to pursue the advantage. Then they galloped into Zhaobi. They all pulled out Zhao flags and set up 2,000 red banners of Han Dynasty. The Zhao army was defeated and could not be trusted. They wanted to return to the wall, but the Han soldiers on the wall were red flags. They were shocked, thinking that the Han army had captured the generals of the King of Zhao. The soldiers then fled in chaos. Although the Zhao generals beheaded them, they could not be restrained. So the Han soldiers attacked from a pinch and defeated the Zhao army. They cut Anjun into pieces and forced the King of Zhao to rest on the water. 5. The original text of the Battle of Suiyang in classical Chinese

Another day, Zhang Xun’s general Lei Wanchun was patrolling the city. The rebels saw it and fired arrows together. Lei Wanchun was not paying attention and was hit in the face. Shot six arrows. But in order to stabilize the morale of the army, he remained unmoved. Linghu Chao thought that Zhang Xun was deceiving him with some kind of dummy, so he called the spies to inquire. He was shocked and said to Zhang Xun outside the city: "I have to meet General Lei before I can issue military orders, but how is it like heaven!" Zhang Xun replied: "You don't understand human relations, how can you know the way of heaven!" He ordered the soldiers to rush out of the city, and Ling Huchao fled. The defenders captured fourteen rebel generals and killed more than a hundred people, winning a great victory.

Zhang Xun’s garrison was only over a thousand, while the rebels always numbered in the tens of thousands. But I persisted like this for a year. Until one day, Zhang Xun received an urgent document from Xu Yuan, the prefect of Suiyang (now Shangqiu, Henan), saying that the rebel general Yin Ziqi had led 130,000 troops to attack Suiyang, and asked him to rescue him immediately.

Zhang Xun rushed to Suiyang and joined Xu Yuan's army, with only more than 6,000 soldiers. Although Xu Yuan had a higher official position, he knew that Zhang Xun was a good soldier, so he asked Zhang Xun to command the defense of the city. Although there was a huge disparity in strength between the two sides, Zhang Xun led his troops to hold on and fought fiercely with the rebels for sixteen days. He captured more than 60 enemy generals and annihilated more than 20,000 enemy generals, forcing Yin Ziqi to retreat.

Two months later, Yin Ziqi received additional reinforcements and surrounded Suiyang again.

The situation is getting more and more critical.

One night, Zhang Xun asked the soldiers to beat the war drums. The rebels outside the city heard the beating of drums and quickly formed their formations to prepare for battle. When daybreak came, the defenders still did not come out. Yin Ziqi sent people to climb the mountain to look into the city. He saw that the city was quiet and there was not much movement, so he ordered the soldiers to take off their armor and rest. The rebels were nervous all night and fell asleep. At this moment, Zhang Xun, Lei Wanchun, Nan Jiyun and other more than a dozen generals, each leading fifty cavalry, rushed out from various city gates at the same time and rushed into the enemy camp in separate ways. The rebels were unprepared, and there was a sudden chaos. More than 5,000 people were killed by the defenders.

Zhang Xun wanted to shoot Yin Ziqi when he was out in battle to command, but when Yin Ziqi usually went into battle, there were always several people dressed the same as him, making it impossible to tell them apart. Once, when the two armies were facing each other, Zhang Xun ordered his soldiers to shoot an arrow cut from wild wormwood into the enemy's position. The rebel soldiers picked up the arrow and thought they had run out of arrows in the city, so they rushed forward to report Yin Ziqi. As soon as Yin Ziqi got the mugwort arrow, Zhang Xun on the top of the city ordered Nan Jiyun beside him to shoot Yin Ziqi with an arrow. Nan Jiyun shot an arrow and hit Yin Ziqi's left eye, causing him to fall off his horse. Zhang Xun ordered him to go out of the city and charge, and won another great victory.

Yin Ziqi failed to attack the city and lost an eye. He was unwilling to give up. Surround Suiyang tighter. The rebels outside the city gathered more and more, and the defenders in the city became smaller and smaller. In the end, there were only more than 1,600 people left. There was also no food. The soldiers even ate bark, tea leaves and paper, and one after another they starved. In desperation, Zhang Xun had no choice but to send Nan Jiyun and thirty cavalry to break out of the encirclement and borrow troops from He Lan, the defender of Linhuai (now northwest of Suining, Jiangsu Province).

Helan Jinming was afraid of the rebels and was unwilling to send troops to rescue Suiyang. But he cherished Nan Jiyun's bravery and summoned his men to host a banquet for Nan Jiyun, hoping to keep Nan Jiyun for his own use. Nan Jiyun knew that Helan Jinming refused to lend troops, so how could he have the heart to eat? He bit off one of his fingers and said with tears that he had failed to complete his mission, leaving a finger as a testimony of his coming here. Nan Jiyun left Linhuai, borrowed three thousand troops from elsewhere, and returned to Suiyang. He was discovered by the rebels and entered Suiyang after a bloody battle. Zhang Xun and Xu Yuan knew that they had not borrowed troops. After repeated discussions, they believed that Suiyang was the barrier between the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River. In order to prevent the rebels from going south, they had no choice but to defend Suiyang.

When there was no food in the city, they ate bark from trees, horses, and even sparrows and mice. All the soldiers and civilians in the city knew that there was no hope of holding on, but no one defected.

By mid-October, under the harsh conditions of disease, hunger and no external aid, the soldiers guarding the city had lost their combat effectiveness. They watched helplessly as the rebels climbed over the wall and entered the city, but no one had the strength to do so. Resistance, Suiyang City finally fell.

Zhang Xun, Xu Yuan, Nan Jiyun, Lei Wanchun and others preferred death to surrender, but were all killed by Yin Ziqi. But Yin Ziqi was also defeated by the Tang army a few days later, the entire army was wiped out, and Yin Ziqi was killed in public. In December, the world was temporarily peaceful, and Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty pursued the heroes who died. Later, during the reign of Emperor Xizong of the Tang Dynasty, the portraits of Zhang Xun, Xu Yuan, and Nan Jiyun were moved to Lingyan Pavilion for future generations to worship. 6. I would like to know about the famous "Battle of Jingxing" in history

Battle of Jingxing

In 206 BC, after the fall of the Qin Empire, which was once flourishing, Chinese history entered a new stage. new stage. At that time, Xiang Yu, the overlord of Western Chu, and Liu Bang, the king of Han, formed two new groups respectively. The two sides fought for the world and launched the famous Chu-Han War in history. In this war that lasted for nearly five years, Han Xin, the general of the Han Dynasty, showed his outstanding intelligence and military strategy of "with an army of millions, he will win in battle and capture in attack". His achievements can be called a miracle in military history. Jing Xingzhi War is the essence of his glorious battles.

In October of the third year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty (204 BC), Han Xin led more than 10,000 newly recruited Han troops to cross the Taihang Mountains and advance eastward to attack Zhao, Xiang Yu's vassal state. Zhao Wangxie and Zhao Jun commander Cheng'an Jun Chen Yu concentrated 200,000 troops at Jingxingkou in the Taihang Mountains (now east of Jingxing, Hebei), occupying favorable terrain and preparing for a decisive battle with Han Xin. Jingxingkou is one of the eight major passes in the Taihang Mountains. To the west of it, there is a narrow post road about a hundred miles long, which is easy to defend but difficult to attack, and is not conducive to the movement of large troops. At that time, the Zhao army held Jinxingkou in advance, standing high and waiting for work. With strong troops, it was in an advantageous and active position.

On the other hand, Han Xin only had more than 10,000 men under his command, and they were newly recruited soldiers. After marching thousands of miles, his men and horses were exhausted, and he was in a disadvantaged and passive position.

Li Zuoche, the counselor of the Zhao army, suggested to Chen Yu: If the front is strong and the wall is strong, there will be no fighting. Instead, part of the troops will be used to go behind the enemy and cut off the Han army's food routes, so that Han Xin "cannot fight in front, cannot retreat, and has nothing to lose." "Plunder", and finally attacked from both front and back, and captured Han Xin in one battle. However, Chen Yu was a classical soldier who advocated frontal attack. He adhered to the doctrine that "rebellious soldiers do not need to use deceit and tricks", and believed that Han Xin's soldiers were few and exhausted, so he should not avoid fighting. He rejected Li Zuoche's suggestion and rigidly followed the formula in the military book of "encircle an enemy ten times, and fight twice".

Han Xin was far-sighted and knew that there was a huge disparity in the strength of the two sides. If he used a force attack, he would be frustrated, so he decided to station himself far away from Jingxingkou and repeatedly studied the terrain and the deployment of Zhao's army. When Han Xin found out that Li Zuoche's strategy had not been adopted and that Chen Yu, the commander-in-chief of the Zhao army, was underestimating the enemy and planning for a quick decision, he immediately commanded his troops to set up camp thirty miles away from Jingxingkou. At midnight, Han Xin selected two thousand light cavalry, each carrying a Han army's red flag, and took advantage of the darkness to sneak back through the mountain trails to the side and rear of the Zhao army's camp to ambush. When the Zhao army was dispatched the next day and the camp was empty, He broke into the Zhao army's camp, pulled down the Zhao army's flag, and put up the Han army's flag. Later, Han Xin ordered the troops to have a meal. He said to the generals: "It is enough to have a small meal, and then have a full meal after dawn breaks the Zhao Dynasty." The generals were doubtful and could only obey the order. Han Xin then sent an order to beat the drums, send out the general's flag and march towards Jingxingkou. He said: "The Zhao army has occupied the favorable terrain before me and built forts to wait. The general's flag and flag cannot be seen. I am afraid that they will suspect that I am still behind." The army refused to attack."

When the Han army approached Jingxingkou, Han Xin did not even send a mounted sentry, but immediately ordered all the main forces of the Chinese army to go forward to the river and form a formation with their backs to the water. Zhao Jun was far away from the camp. Seeing that the Han army was arrayed against the water and had no way to retreat, they all ridiculed Han Xin for not knowing the art of war. After a while, the sky was already bright, and a light dust rose from the Han army's camp. With the exciting drumbeats, a group of flag poles turned out. Han Xin, surrounded by generals, rode up to the front of the formation. Chen Yu saw that Han Xin had few troops and he was in a favorable position. So he led his light cavalry and sharp soldiers to swarm out, hoping to capture Han Xin alive. Han Xin ordered the flags, drums, and honor guards to be abandoned and quickly moved into the formation. Seeing this scene, Chen Yu immediately ordered the entire battalion to attack and attack the Han formation. The Han army was fighting near the river and had no way to retreat, so everyone fought bravely and fought for the lead. The two sides fought for more than half a day, but Zhao Jun still failed to win. At this time, Zhao Jun's camp was empty, and the two thousand light cavalry that Han Xin had laid down in advance galloped in and planted the Han army's red flags all over Zhao Jun's camp. During the fierce battle, Zhao Jun suddenly found that the camp behind him was covered with Han flags, and the formation was immediately in chaos. Han Xin took advantage of the situation to counterattack and defeated the 200,000 Zhao army. He beheaded the Zhao army commander Chen Yu and captured Zhao Wangxie alive.

After the war, the Han soldiers had a banquet to congratulate each other. They all asked Han Xin: "The general asked us to form an array with our backs to the water. This is against the law of war. Why can we win?" Han Xin laughed loudly. Laughing: "Isn't it all said in the art of war? Survive after death, survive only after death. If I give you a way to survive, will the soldiers be able to fight to the death?" The generals then understood the importance of forming an array with their backs against the water to win. Mysterious, I admire Han Xin greatly.

In the Battle of Jingxing, Han Xin, with a disadvantaged force of more than 10,000, used both good and evil forces, arrayed himself against the water, and used his troops flexibly. He defeated the 200,000-strong Zhao army in one fell swoop, destroyed the Zhao State that Xiang Yu entrusted, and wrote the history of China A wonderful chapter in military history. Wang Ya, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, vividly described the Battle of Jingxing in his "Army March". Praising Han Xin's superb strategy and commanding skills:

Ge Jia has been in the army for a long time and knows the difficulties of battle.

I pay homage to Han Xin today, and hope that I will be successful in the coming days. 7. Zhao Xie’s Battle of Jingxing

In October of the third year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty (204 BC), Han Xin led tens of thousands of newly recruited Han troops to cross the Taihang Mountains and attack Zhao State eastward. Chen Yu, Lord of Cheng'an, gathered 200,000 troops and occupied Jingxingkou, a strategic point east of the Taihang Mountains, preparing to fight. To the west of Jingxingkou, there is a narrow road about a hundred miles long, with mountains on both sides. The road is narrow and Han Xin must pass through it. Zhao Jun's counselor Li Zuoche proposed a plan: defend the front without fighting, send troops to the back to cut off Han Xin's food route, and trap Han Xin to death in the narrow road of Jingxing.

Chen Yu refused to listen and said: "Han Xin only has a few thousand men and can attack thousands of miles away. If we avoid attacking, won't we make the princes laugh?"

After Han Xin found out the news, he quickly led the Han army to enter The narrow road of Jingxing was set up camp thirty miles away from the entrance of Jingxing. In the middle of the night, Han Xin sent two thousand light cavalry, each carrying a Han army flag, to ambush behind the Zhao army's camp via the trail. Han Xin warned: "During the battle, if the Zhao army sees that our army is defeated, they will definitely come out to chase me." Army, you rush into the Zhao army's camp, pull down the Zhao army's flag, and raise the Han army's red flag." After the rest of the Han army ate some simple dry food, they immediately marched towards Jingxingkou. When they arrived at Jingxingkou, the troops crossed the Mianman River and formed a formation with their backs to the water. When Zhao Jun saw them from a distance, they all laughed at Han Xin.

After daybreak, Han Xin set up the general's flag and guard of honor and led the crowd out of Jingxingkou. Chen Yu led his entire army to swarm out to capture Han Xin alive. Han Xin pretended to abandon his flag and drum and fled back to his position by the river. Chen Yu ordered the entire Zhao army to attack and attack the Han army's position. Since the Han army had no way to retreat, they all fought bravely to take the lead. The two sides fought for half a day, but Zhao Jun could not win. At this time, Zhao Jun wanted to retreat to the camp, but found that his camp was full of Han army flags, and the team was immediately in chaos. Han Xin took advantage of the situation and counterattacked, Zhao Jun was defeated, Chen Yu died in the battle, and King Zhao was captured.

After the war, someone asked: "The Art of War says that you must form with your back against the mountain and the water. This time we fought with our back to the water and actually won. Why?" Han Xin said: "In the Art of War Isn't it also said that "you will survive after being trapped in a place of death, and you will survive after being trapped in a place of death"? ”