What is the smallest particle in the microscopic world?

What is the smallest particle in the microscopic world? The result of current scientific research is quarks. What is a quark? Why is it called quark? Let's take a look.

The smallest particle in the microscopic world? quark

Gherman got the word quark from James? The lines in Joyce's novel finnigan's Night Sacrifice? For mark, the king of examiners, three quarks are important for calling mark? . Quarks have many meanings in this book, one of which is the sound of seabirds. He thinks it suits his original idea? Fundamental particles are not fundamental, and elementary charge is not an integer? At the same time, he also pointed out that this was just a joke and a resistance to the pretentious scientific language. In addition, it may be because of his love for birds.

The principle of quark appearance

A proton and an antiproton collide at high energy, producing a pair of almost free quarks. 1964, American physicist Murray? Gherman and G. Zweig independently proposed that hadrons such as neutrons and protons are composed of more basic units? Quarks. They have fractional charge, which is 2/3 times that of elementary charge or-1/3 times, and their spin is 1/2. Quarks are smaller particles than neutrons and protons. Follow? Asymptotic freedom? Principle.

All neutrons are made up of three quarks, while antineutrons are made up of three corresponding antiquarks, such as protons and neutrons. Proton consists of two upper quarks and one lower quark, and neutron consists of two lower quarks and one upper quark.

The origin of quark naming

Quark gherman originally wanted to name quarks after ducks. At first, he was not sure about the actual spelling of the new word until he entered James? In Joyce's novel Finnegan Wake? Quarks? This word:

Three quarks to boss Mike!

? Finnegan wake, James? joyce

Gherman described the origin of the word quark in more detail in his book Quark and Jaguar:

In 1963, I named the basic composition of the nucleus? Quarks? (quark), I had a voice first, but I didn't spell it, so I could write it at that time? Guo Ke? (kwork). Soon after, after I read James occasionally? I was there when Joyce wrote Finnegan Wake? Three quarks against boss Mike? See the word quark in this sentence. Because? Quarks? (literally, the cry of seagulls) is obviously to follow? Mike. It rhymes with other such words, so I have to find an excuse to make it sound like? Guo Ke? . But this book represents the dream of bar owner urwick, and has several etymologies. The words in the book are often used by pubs to order wine. So I thought maybe? Three quarks against boss Mike? What could be the source? To the boss, Mike. Three quarts? So I want it to be read? Guo Ke? It's not completely unfounded. In any case, the three words in the sentence completely coincide with the nature of quarks in nature.

Zweig used it? Ace？ (Ace) refers to the particles he theorized, but when the quark model was widely accepted, gherman's words became famous. Many Chinese physicists call quarks? Layer? There are also translators in Taiwan Province province? Zi Kui? , but it is not widely used.

Quarks are named for a reason. The reason why the upper quark and the lower quark are called the upper quark and the lower quark is because the isospin has two components, the upper quark and the lower quark, both of which carry such a quantity. Strange quarks are named because they are found in strange particles of cosmic rays, and there is no quark theory when they are found. They are regarded as? Strange? Because their life span is unusually long. Glashow, who put forward the charm quark with Buyokon, said: We call it charm quark because we saw the symmetry it brought to the subatomic world in the process of building it. We were fascinated by this beauty and were very satisfied with the result. ? As for it? Top？ And then what? Bottom? These two names, Harari decided to do this because? Are they logical partners of upper quarks and lower quarks? . In the past, bottom quarks and top quarks were sometimes called. Beautiful? And then what? Really? Quark, but these two names are rarely used now.