There is an urgent need for translation of fourth-grade English poems and jokes. The content should be understood by the fourth-grade students.

Some poems are divided into stanzas, and each stanza consists of several lines (each line begins with a capital letter); Some poems have no paragraphs. At present, our common poetic styles are:

Sonnet (1. Sonnet), a short lyric poem originated in the Middle Ages, was popular in Italy in the 13 and 14 centuries, with Petrarch of Italy as the representative figure. Each line has eleven syllables, one section has eight lines, and the other section has six lines, with abba, abba and cdcdcd (cdecde) as the rhyme. The first eight lines ask questions and the last six lines answer them.

Later, Thomas Wyatt (1503- 1542) introduced sonnets into England, with iambic pentameter, three lines and one line, the first three sections asking questions and the last two sentences ending. Spencer (edmund spenser, 1552- 1599) uses the rhymes abab, bcbc, cdcd, ee. William Shakespeare (1564- 16 16) used the rhyming words abab, cdcd and EE. See, for example, the fourth part of this article.

2. limerick: usually a small joke, or even a story. Generally, there is no title or author's name. It contains humor and satire, and often uses puns, internal rhymes and other techniques. Each poem has five lines, and the rhyme is aabba, and the meter is mainly iambic and iambic.

There was a young black lady.

She smiled while riding a tiger;

They rode back.

The lady is inside,

And the smile on the tiger's face.

2) tutor who teaches flute.

Trying to teach two pipers to play the flute,

"Is it difficult to play the flute, or

Two men said to the tutor,

Teach two pipers to play the flute? "

3. blank verse: iambic pentameter verse without rhyme.

Through the watery bales, and shout:

Answering his call, trembling bells,

Long cheers, screams, loud echoes.

Double and double: crazy convergence

The noise of joy! …

William wordsworth: There is a boy.

4. Free verse: a common style in modern poetry. Poems of different lengths exist in the same poem, and they don't pay attention to rhyme and meter, but only pay attention to the images and emotions expressed in the poem. The American poet walt whitman's Leaves of Grass adopted this format. See the fourth part for examples.