Why does Napoleon always win when tactics are monotonous?

1. First of all, in those days, I didn't think of the German blitzkrieg raid or the Bo Forget Po ambush in Zhu Gekongming. At that time, the mechanized troops relied entirely on manpower, and the horse-drawn artillery moved slowly. Napoleon was one of the rare military geniuses who emphasized that soldiers were expensive and fast. There is a famous saying in the French army, "The emperor said that victory lies in our legs." If we say blitzkrieg, Napoleon is the originator of the German army. 1800, in the war with Austria, Napoleon commanded his elite troops, took the trench and artillery, crossed the Great Saint Bernard Pass in the Alps, raided the Austrian Marshal meras's rear base in Alexandria, and finally won the battle of Marengo. His expedition across the Alps was written into military textbooks. The suddenness of the battle is achieved through quickness and concealment. 1940, the Germans crossed the Ardennes forest and bypassed maginot line, which was actually an imitation of Napoleon. If there is an ambush, so will His Majesty Napoleon. 1798 In July, Napoleon led the French Expeditionary Force to Egypt, and the Mamluk cavalry in Egypt adopted guerrilla tactics, posing a great threat to the French army. After more than ten days of forced marching, the French army arrived near the pyramid. Napoleon led Mamluk cavalry to a decisive battle by luring the enemy deep. He laid an ambush under the pyramid, ambushed hundreds of cannons on the east and west sides in advance, and deliberately let the soldiers wander around in groups, which seemed very undisciplined. He rode a good horse himself, took a few followers, came to the Sphinx in the moonlight and shot it. Egyptian guards heard gunshots and rushed from the south. Napoleon saw that the purpose of luring the enemy deep had been achieved, and ordered to blow the horn and assemble the infantry. There was a fierce battle with the bloody yellow sand under the pyramid. Thousands of Egyptian troops were killed and thousands of people were captured. Napoleon entered Cairo and became the overlord of Egypt. Tactics like this were widely used in Napoleon's war career. 2. The brighter the uniform, the more dazzling it is, and it will be seen from a distance by others. About military uniforms. In the Napoleonic era, the military uniforms of European countries were very bright. This should be analyzed from two aspects: from our own point of view, bright red military uniforms can inspire soldiers' sense of honor and boost morale. It also enables commanders and comrades-in-arms to accurately distinguish between the enemy and ourselves on the battlefield. Moreover, bright military uniforms have the same effect as ancient warriors painting themselves as evil, which has the function of shocking the enemy. On the other hand, in the early19th century, the range and hit rate of muskets were very limited. Even if the enemy can see the soldiers in bright uniforms, they can't hit them. Until the end of 19, at the beginning of the 20th century, under the precise attack of new rifles, British soldiers in red uniforms almost became targets, and no Boers in green clothes could be found, so bright uniforms were eliminated. In addition, from the way of fighting, it can almost be described as stupid, that is, two rows of people stand up and shoot each other, damn it, this is also called fighting, and the people in the first row can die quickly! If Napoleon's infantry stood completely in the skirmish line of modern infantry, then everyone would die faster! The 1777 flintlock used by the French army in the Napoleonic era has an effective range of 300 yards (1 yard is equal to three feet, that is, 0.9 144 meters). Only when 100 yards, the shooter has a chance to aim at the target and hit it. The main reason is that at that time, the rifle used black powder chamber without rifling, so that the gunpowder gas could not completely act on the barrel material of the bullet, and the musket could not be fired repeatedly. It must be fired once, reloaded and fired again. In ancient China, there was a saying that "the enemy can't beat three shots". If facing cavalry, the scattered musketeers were beheaded by Cossack cavalry before they could install the second gun. Under such conditions, Napoleon's army adopted a straight line tactic. Musketeers stand in 10 rows. After the soldiers in the front row finished shooting, they used the method of kneeling in place to replenish ammunition. After the soldiers in the back row finish shooting, the soldiers in the front row stand up and shoot again, and the whole musketeer phalanx can form a dense and continuous fire density. The volley tactics in the Napoleonic era were not because of bravery or ignorance of tactics, but because the shooting rate of musketeers was too low at that time. It is said that a musketeer at that time had a hit rate of less than 65,438+0% when shooting a humanoid target 65,438+000 steps away, so he could only improve the hit rate by quantity. If the skirmisher tactics had been adopted at that time, the result of the encounter between the two musketeers was that the two sides shot at random for a while and then threw away the musketeers and rushed to the meat fair. 4. And why did the formation stand in a square? Why didn't it spread out? Everyone thought Napoleon was an artillery, and everyone stood in a square, so dense that they couldn't hit it! Look at the answer above and you will know this question. The scattered musketeers have too weak firepower and low hit rate to resist the cavalry's attack. Compared with artillery, cavalry poses a greater threat to musketeers, so they should stand in the phalanx of musketeers. The performance of artillery in the Napoleonic era was limited. As can be seen from the following information, the artillery at that time could not explode in the square like modern artillery. Unless the musketeers' phalanx is facing the artillery phalanx full of grape-shot, the artillery can't do great damage to the musketeers' phalanx. The following information: six-pound gun: caliber 84 mm, gun length (caliber multiple) 18, muzzle velocity 4 16 m/s, effective range: live ammunition 600m/ shotgun 400 m, bomb quantity: live ammunition 4kg/ shotgun 8 kg, firing rate/. Eight-pound gun: caliber 108 mm, gun length (caliber multiple) 18, muzzle velocity 4 10 m/s, effective range: 800 m live ammunition/600 m shotgun, and ammunition amount: 8kg live ammunition/8 kg shotgun. Twelve-pound gun: caliber 12 1 mm, gun length (caliber multiple) 18, muzzle velocity 4 10 m/s, effective range: live ammunition 900m/ shotgun 900 m, and bomb quantity: live ammunition/kloc. 150 mm mortar: caliber 165 mm, gunner length (caliber multiple) 4.5, muzzle velocity 170 m/s, effective range: live ammunition 600m/ shotgun 400 m, firing rate 1 hair/minute. When shelling, choose different shells according to the enemy to be killed-solid shells, grape-shot shells or empty shells. Cannonballs are solid iron balls with different weights, which are divided into 3 pounds, 6 pounds or 12 pounds-the choice of cannonballs depends on what type of artillery is used. These shells can be aimed at different infantry phalanxes and strategic locations, and its successful shooting will depend on how the shells bounce, roll and explode after landing. A huge rolling solid shell can kill dozens of soldiers at once, but it will get stuck in the wet mud and stop rolling on the wetland. Shotgun, or sudden close-range shooting, is a deadly close-range shelling method, which can cause maximum casualties of the enemy. Shotgun is an ordinary shell, coated with thin tin, and each small shell is about 200 grams. When it shoots from the barrel, it will explode quickly. Dispersion can destroy the whole row of enemies, leaving a huge gap in the enemy's phalanx for impact. The gunner's third choice is the shell, which is a shell with a thin shell and a timing fuse, which can explode from the inside, causing great casualties to nearby enemies. This kind of shell will explode into a shotgun after launching, killing as many enemies as possible through a long distance, and also causing artillery casualties. First, after the French Revolution, the French people urgently needed an iron-fisted and talented national leader to lead the French nation (just as the Russians supported Putin). Napoleon just met this condition. He has supreme authority in the empire, and the army absolutely obeys him. Second, after Napoleon came to power, he selected talents in an eclectic way, which greatly stimulated the enthusiasm and creativity of military officers and men. Of the 26 marshals promoted by Napoleon, 24 were from civilians. Napoleon cleverly inspired every soldier's reverie and made them believe that the marshal's scepter was hidden in the marching bag. As long as you work hard, the next marshal is yourself! Most of Napoleon's generals, except Marshal Bertil, were young people. At the age of 28, Dawu was appointed as the cavalry commander of the expedition to Egypt, and was awarded the marshal's scepter at the age of 34. Marmond was appointed commander of French artillery in Italy at the age of 26 and promoted to marshal at the age of 35. Sirte was promoted to major general at the age of 30 and was awarded the title of marshal at the age of 35. Jubail was the commander of the independent army at the age of 27, and commanded the French army in the Netherlands and Italy at the age of 29. 1804 In May, after Napoleon proclaimed himself emperor, seven of the active marshals in 14 were under 37 years old. Regardless of family background: Napoleon completely abolished the traditional concept of selecting generals by birth. He publicly declared that "every soldier has a marshal's baton in his backpack." He called on everyone to be generals and marshals. Napoleon's soldiers were glad to see that many outstanding marshals came from the lower classes and soldiers. The famous Marshal Ney is the son of a restaurant owner, Marshal Rana is the son of a soldier, and Marshal Bernardote and Marshal Le faivre are both ordinary soldiers. Although these people have humble origins and different experiences, they have one thing in common, that is, they all have quick judgment and tenacious will. After the victory of the war, Napoleon also generously distributed land and trophies to his officers and men, further mobilizing the enthusiasm of the soldiers. Third, Napoleon's tactics were advanced. At that time, the Russian army mainly relied on cavalry, the British army was dominant in the navy, the Prussian army was commanded by nobles, and the command system was rigid. Napoleon's troops were composed of infantry, cavalry and artillery, with flexible command and independent officers. These troops are no match for him.