What are the basic arrangements and characteristics of compulsory education for children with intellectual disabilities in my country?

According to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), intellectual disability (Intellectual Disability) is characterized by deficits in general mental abilities such as reasoning, problem solving, planning, and abstraction. Thinking, judgment, academic learning and learning from experience.

These deficits result in impairments in adaptive functioning such that the individual is inconsistent with standards of personal independence and social responsibility in one or more aspects of daily life—including communication, social participation, academic or occupational functioning, and Independence of family or community.

The behavioral definition of intellectual disability usually includes two aspects: intelligence and adaptive function:

1. Intellectual deficits

Perception: sensory speed and general Children are relatively slow, and visual stimulation generally takes precedence over auditory stimulation; in terms of attention: unable to concentrate, with severe distraction problems, and limited attention span;

In terms of memory: long-term Both memory and short-term memory are worse than those of ordinary children;

Speech ability: unable to express one's thoughts accurately and unable to use more complex language;

Thinking ability: lack of reasoning, The ability to judge and abstract thinking, basically no numerical concepts, and can learn simple addition and subtraction calculations by relying on mechanical memory;

In terms of understanding ability: serious lack of imagination and generalization ability, unable to complete schoolwork and learn from experience .

2. Deficiencies in adaptive function

Personality: unable to achieve independence, unable to assume social responsibilities, weak willpower, lack of self-confidence;

Emotional Aspects: Emotional instability, poor self-control;

Living ability: Weak daily living ability, unable to live independently;

Social aspect: Existing in family, school and society Communication and social participation issues.

The factors leading to intellectual disability are very complex. The more authoritative explanation is that organic lesions in the brain cause intellectual disability.

There are many explanations for the causes of organic damage or incomplete development of the brain - harmful factors such as genetic variation, infection, poisoning, head injury, craniocerebral malformation or endocrine abnormalities may all cause fetal malformation. Or the brains of infants and young children cannot develop normally or develop incompletely, causing the development of intellectual activities to stay at a relatively low stage, resulting in intellectual disability - Lei Xiuya, "Assessment and Consultation on Children's Psychological Problems".

Finally, as for how to guide education, I personally think it is not a problem that can be solved by a few popular science articles on the Internet. If you really need it, you can take your child to the hospital for formal diagnosis, and professionals can tailor the child's future education process and the parents' psychological development to the right extent.

However, whether it is a child with mild, moderate, severe or extremely severe intellectual disability, parents must pay attention to their children's sex education!

The sexual crimes against children that have been exposed in the past few years are really shocking. Normal children and teenagers are so vulnerable and powerless when faced with deliberate murder by adults (or even minors), let alone those with neurodevelopmental disorders. , Children who are naturally disadvantaged!

Attach importance to the sex education of mentally retarded children. On the one hand, it protects children from being harmed. On the other hand, it also prevents children from being maliciously guided and instigated to become perpetrators.

When the respondent was in elementary school, there was a classmate in his class who had mental retardation due to lead poisoning. He was a few years older than us because he had to repeat a grade. At first, it was the ignorant children who bullied him. Later, when he reached senior grades, he began to "bully" younger children under the leadership of problem children. . .

Nowadays, regarding children’s sex education, there are many easy-to-understand picture books that you can read with your children. Children in the Netherlands have begun to receive picture book-assisted sex education when they are three years old. For children with intellectual disabilities, before kindergarten, at least let them know which parts of the body are not allowed to be touched even by teachers.