Legend of saving mother in Pitaoshan, Emperor Wen of Sui

Yang Jian was born by the combination of immortals and mortals, with boundless magic and miraculous powers. Have you heard the story of Yang Jian's rescue of his mother by splitting Taoshan Mountain? The following is the legend of saving mother in Yang Jian that I compiled for you. I hope it helps you.

The legend of Yang Jian's rescue of his mother in Taoshan tells the story of Yang Erlang's life in the lost book Qing Yuan Qi Dao, Xian Sheng, Zhen Jun, Real People Protecting the Country and People, Loyalty and Filial Piety Erlang Bao Juan in the thirty-fourth year of Ming Jiajing. "There was a man named Yang, who, God bless, was a golden boy." He had a relationship with Yang Erlang, the "foreman of the fairy Yunhua" in the bullfighting palace and the next son of Yun Huasheng. The Monkey King was ordered to hold Yunhua hostage in Taihang Mountain, and "the Queen Mother of the Bull Palace came to take Jiro to the Heavenly Palace".

When Jiro grew up, he learned about it and split the mountain to save his mother. He has a "mountain axe, a double-edged knife and a golden bow with silver bullets", and he is sworn brothers with the "Seven Saints of Meishan", including "White Horse and White Dog". After saving his mother, he nailed the Monkey King to the mountain. According to the thirty-fourth year of Jiajing (1555), if this precious volume is thirty-four years of Ren Xu, it should be the first year of Jiajing (1562), which is 30 years earlier than the earliest published version of The Journey to the West Jinling Shidetang. The content of Jiro's life is consistent with that of The Journey to the West, and it is also implicated in the feud with Wukong, which is worth studying.

I found it in Journey to the West. ? Guanyin went to a meeting for the sixth time and asked the little sage why he gave way to the Great Sage. There are the following paragraphs in. When the Great Sage saw this, he smiled and picked up the golden cudgel and shouted, Who are you and how dare you challenge? True gentleman drinks a way:? You are as blind as a bat, don't you recognize me? I am the nephew of the Jade Emperor and also the nephew of Wang Erlang. Today, I was ordered to arrest you, an anti-Tiangong monkey. You don't know whether to live or die! ? Dashengdao:? I remember that when the jade emperor's sister wanted to have a baby with Yang Jun, was it you who cut Taoshan with an axe? I want to scold you a few times, but Zeng nai has no resentment; Too bad I'm going to give you a stick. You little husband, hurry back and call out your four heavenly kings. ? Zhen Jun was furious and said, Po Hou! Don't be rude Eat my knife! ?

Yang Jian introduced Yang Jian, whose full name is Yinglie Zhao Hui Qingyuan Miaodao Fuze Jixing Jiro. It is usually considered as the name of the legendary Erlang God, a combination of immortals and mortals, with infinite power and magic.

In Journey to the West, Yang Jian is an only son, and there is an Erlang Temple among the people. There is a sister and three goddesses in Lotus Lantern. Quentin knew Gong Xuan like the back of his hand. He had a third eye, which could distinguish monsters. He is holding a three-pointed double-edged knife (in Romance of the Gods, it is said that Yang Jian chased a monster into a cave and got a three-pointed double-edged knife and a pale yellow robe). Under his seat, there is a god dog. Erlang Temple in Guanjiangkou, The Journey to the West is the younger sister of the Jade Emperor and the son of Yang Jun..

The legend of Yang Jian takes the Erlang Temple in Guankou as an example, and the contradiction caused by various opinions is reflected here: according to the record of searching for gods in The Origin of Three Religions, this temple should be a Taoist temple, and Erlang God is revered by Song Zhenzong. Qingyuan Miao Dao Zhen Jun? Zhao Yu Zhao Erlang; However, the statue of Erlang God in this temple was a young husband, wearing a helmet and armor, and did not need powder. The most striking thing is that he has an eye on his forehead, a three-pointed double-edged knife in his hand, and a god dog in front of his soap boots, which makes people know at a glance that this is Yang Erlang described in The Journey to the West's Romance of Gods. Surprisingly, scholars of all ages praised Erlang God as the son of Li Bing, the guardian of Shu County in pre-Qin Dynasty, for the plaques, couplets and stone carvings embedded in the temple walls. If there is a pilgrim who loves to get to the bottom of it, he will have to be vague: what do you worship? Erlang God? That's it.

Who is the true identity of Erlang God, or in other words, how did the folk beliefs of Erlang God spread from Sichuan to the whole country come into being?

There are various theories in history, and modern scholars have a lot of textual research and inference.

Li Erlang said

Li Bing is the commander-in-chief of Qin and Shu. During his tenure, he led the people to build Dujiangyan, and his merits lasted for thousands of years. In this huge project, his second son? Jiro? He made great contributions to help his father chisel away the rubble and open the second river, so he was regarded as a god by the people. Such a legend can be found in written records, which seems to have started in the Northern Song Dynasty. "Song Yao Hui" records that in the eighth year of Jiayou, Yongkang Army was granted a favor and said? God is Li Bing's second son? , said? Jiro? The meaning of the second son. Fan Chengda, the Sichuan envoy before the Southern Song Dynasty, probably visited this? Ron Shen Jun? , its "Wu" said: Chongde Temple is located on the mountain outside the west gate of Yongkang Army (now Guankou Town), and it is also the dining place of Qin Taishou Li Bing's father and son temple. ? "Popular Compilation" quoted "Zhu Zi Quotations" and further pointed out:? Erlang Temple, a pass in the middle of Shu, was built because Li Bing left the heap. Nowadays, many ghosts are his second son. ? Later, this Li Erlang was named by the Yuan Dynasty. CHO HYE SUN, the hero. Bless the king? Was sealed by the Qing dynasty? Inheriting achievements and highlighting the king of England? . When Yong Zhengdi, the governor of Sichuan, gave Jiro the title, it seemed inappropriate to give his son a title instead of his father, so Yongzheng sealed Bing at the same time? Fukuzawa Jixingtong Wang You? ("A General Examination of Qing Dynasty Literature?" Group worship test 2 "). This is why the original name of Erlang Temple at Guankou was changed from Chongde Temple to Erwang Temple. Due to the seal of the emperor and the records of local chronicles, the saying that Li Erlang enjoyed offering sacrifices and pouring water has been spread all over the country for a long time, especially supported by scholars who pay attention to quoting classics.

Zhao Erlang said

According to the integration of ancient and modern books? "Nerve" Volume 39 quoted "Dragon City Record" as saying that there was a Zhao Yu in the Sui Dynasty who lived in seclusion in Qingcheng Mountain to learn Taoism. Because Yang Di forced him to be an official, he became a satrap in Sichuan history. Sometimes the old dumplings make waves and become a scourge. Zhao Yu jumped into the river with a knife, drowned in the water and struggled with Lao Jiao. In an instant, the river was all red, and the stone embankment collapsed and roared like thunder. Finally, Zhao Yu rushed out with jiaozi's head in his left hand and a knife in his right. So the people of the state wore them and regarded them as gods. Later, Zhao Yu abandoned his post and lived in seclusion, but when the Jialing River flooded, what was the temperature? Show it to god? . After learning from the memorial of local officials, Emperor Taizong named him a brave general and built a temple for him at the mouth of Guanjiang River. Later, when Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty fled to Sichuan to escape the Anshi Rebellion, he also sealed the King of Chicheng. According to scholars' research, The Story of Dragon City was written by Wang Luo, a poet in the Song Dynasty, in the name of Liu Zongyuan in the Tang Dynasty. The story about Zhao chopping jiaozi in the river should have been circulated in the Five Dynasties, but it was only a summary and record. According to the third volume of "Three Religions' Origins Seeking Gods", before Emperor Taizong became a god, the local people had built a temple for Yu Zhao in Guankou, commonly known as Guankou Jiro. When I was in the north, chaos occurred in Yizhou, so Zhang Guai Duck was ordered to rule Shu. Yico Zeng went to the temple for help. Afterwards, he begged the emperor to chase the holy name, saying? Qingyuan Miao Dao Zhen Jun? . Since then, this one? Erlang God? Jiro, which is becoming more and more popular in the novels and operas of the Song and Yuan Dynasties and the folklore of China, is basically the image of this Zhao Jiro. Miracle? , and had an important influence on shaping the image of Erlang God in The Journey to the West, The Romance of Gods, etc.

Yang Erlang said

With the help of novels, Yang Erlang became the most familiar person since Ming and Qing Dynasties? Erlang God? . Journey to the West called him for the sixth time? Show sage Jiro Zhenjun, see Guanzhou Guanjiangkou? And point out its origin through the Monkey King's mouth:? At that time, the jade emperor's sister thought worldly affairs, cooperated with Yang Jun and gave birth to a man. ? However, it is only called Jiro. The first character in The Romance of the Gods is Yang Jian, an apprentice of Ding Yu. In fact, in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, Yang Erlang? This theory has been circulated among the people in China. For example, Volume 340 of Tai Ping Guang Ji quoted Tong You Lu, that is, there is Lu Chuanshu on the tower. Double land with Yang Erlang? Like other languages, Erlang's surname is Yang because of common sense and belief.

So this? Yang Erlang? who is it? Li Sichun believes that its prototype is Yang Nandang, a border hero in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. He is the second son of Yang Sheng, the king of Lazi, and inherited the throne of his eldest brother Yang Xuan, so he is called Jiro in legend. Historically, Yang's ruling center was Wudu, Gansu. There used to be the land of Songpan altar factory, and troops were sent into Sichuan near the pass. Sichuan is the old place of Qiang people and Miao people, and it is easy to be awed by his military strength. Therefore, since the Tang and Song Dynasties (Ten Views on Jiangcun, Shanghai People's Publishing House, 1957), the establishment of temple worship has become the origin of the so-called gateway god. Zhao kuifu also agrees that Erlang is the deity of the Di nationality, and proves with abundant historical data that the ancestors of the Di nationality first lived in the northwest of China, and have kept it ever since? How many days is it? The custom of carving a mark on the forehead with a knife, and then applying ink to the wound to make it grow into the meat to form a permanent mark that looks like an upright eye is called? Eye of Heaven This is why Jiro has three eyes. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Miao people spread from Longnan to North Sichuan and Xikang. There are not only many temples of Erlang God in this area, but also many temples of Erlang God. Jiro? There are also many famous mountains, the most famous of which is Erlang Mountain in Xikang. Three records of Qionglai county annals? How many blue-faced statues are there in the ancient temple in central Sichuan? Have vertical eyes on your forehead? , reflecting the religious remnants of the Miao people. After the Tang Dynasty, the Miao people gradually merged with the Han and Tibetan nationalities, and Erlang, the third ancestor of the Miao people, became a member of the unified Chinese immortal world. The God of Tsing Yi in Gansu and Tibet also has three eyes. I'm afraid many of them are related to the integration of Tibet and Tibet, not from India as some scholars say (Three Eyes and the Origin of Tijen, No.6 of Literature and History Knowledge, 1997). Commonly used by Shu people? Blood food? Sacrifice to the gods, and Erlang's sacrifice is sheep. And then Jiro had it again? Hey? This name actually means to be blessed in bed, and when mixed together, it means to kill sheep's blood for happiness. There is another saying? Hey? Maybe yes? Du Jian? What? Jane? In other words, incorrect? Yang Jian? This name is probably composed of two legends of Erlang God.

In addition, it was also suggested? Yang Erlang? Could it be? Yojiro? Homophonic. For example, Huang Zhigang thinks that the prototype of Erlang Pass is Dayu, the ancestor of the ancient Qiang people, and it is the custom of the Qiang people to kill sheep to worship the gods. Re-prove with natural history? Is the surname Yang in western Sichuan a descendant of sheep? Legend, Sichuan sheep name (Yangmeng Mountain and Yangfei Mountain in Yangqu County) and Fan Shihu's Preface to the Poem of Self-piling? Is the rate of human sacrifice (Li Bing) 40,000 to 50,000 sheep? It can be inferred that most of Yang's surnames in central Sichuan were changed by Qiang people who migrated to farming areas, and it can be proved that both the image and surname of Erlang God at Guankou are variants of Dayu, the ancestor of Qiang people (The Relationship between Dayu and Li Bing in Water Control, Shuowen Monthly, Volume 2,No. 1 issue). Li Sichun had a similar opinion, but he speculated that Jiro Pass should have been the shepherd and hunter of Qiang people and Miao people at first. Shooting and hunting must carry bows and arrows and hounds, so the gateway gods in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties wore armor and held bows and arrows, and the shape of Erlang God driving an eagle and leading a dog in Ming Dynasty novels also evolved from this.

How do you know that the gateway gods of the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties were all armed with bows and arrows? This question even led to the initial idea that Jiro was a foreign god.

? Foreign gods? Jiro said

In The Ten Kingdoms in the Spring and Autumn Period, in the Five Dynasties, what was the face of the previous dynasty? Wearing golden armor, pearls and hats, walking with bows and arrows. People look at it and say it's like a god with an inverted coat? . In the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, there was a statue with a bow in Guankou, which was learned from this historical material. Interpretation of Shuo Wen Jie Zi Xin Fu? Hey? , said:? Just, so is Shen Hu. Judging from the signs, the sound of death. Fire is a thousand pieces. ? Someone confirmed this? The god of coats? That is, Persian gods worship fire, but some ethnic minorities in southwest China do worship fire. Therefore, it is speculated that the prototype of Erlang God should be the Persian God introduced to China from the Western Regions in Sui and Tang Dynasties, and then gradually localized. Li Guotao believes that the prototype of Erlang God is Vishpaka, the Zoroastrian wind god. The image of Erlang God in novels and operas since Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties: three eyes, holding a three-pointed and two-edged gun and holding a roaring dog, can be transformed into three heads and six arms. This image is completely consistent with the image of Vishnu in Zoroastrianism? Vishnpaka is the Zoroastrian god, which has been confirmed by Mr. Jiang Boqin. It looks like three heads and six arms, wearing armor, holding a fork, and painting a pointed dog's head on its arm. It is very similar to the image of Erlang God in literary description, which is one of the proofs of the kinship between God and Erlang God. Vishnu also has a morphological change, which can be found in the wood carvings unearthed in Hotan, and scholars have compared it with Vishnu. The statue is dressed in armor, riding a horse with a crown and hat and holding a bow and arrow, which is very similar to the image of King Shu in Shu Lang. There is another evidence that Erlang God is related to God: the customs of Erlang God are quite similar to those of God. Wake up alone magazine, volume 5:? According to a layman, Chongde Temple outside Yongkang Military City in Shu Road is the ancestral temple of Li Bing and his son. There are more than 40,000 sheep every year, and even those who give birth to lambs dare not stay. Yongkang sheep tax is calculated by county. People in Jiangxiang are also enshrined in the temple today, and their name is Erlang Guankou. Each sacrifice is cooked only once, and there is nothing else, so it is natural to cover it. ? Sacrifice must use sheep, and a large number of sheep are used, which is similar to the sheep used by immortals.

Zhang believes that it was introduced from India: among the gods in India, one is King Vishnu, also known as the King of the North. The second son of the heavenly king, Du Jian, often leads the heavenly soldiers to protect their national borders. There is a legend in Buddhist scriptures that in the first year of Tang Tianbao (742), five countries, such as Dashi and Kangju, besieged Anxi (now Kuche County, Xinjiang), and Anxi was in an emergency. Anxi road is far away, and it is difficult to rescue troops. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty sent a monk to ask King Vishnu to send a magic weapon to save him. The soldier who went out with troops was the second son of King Du Jian. He bit off all the crossbows of the five-nation allied forces with a golden hair as strong as a hedgehog, forcing the five countries to retreat one after another. Later, Xuanzong ordered all state capitals in the world to set up altars to support the image of the heavenly king and his followers, and it was at this time that the unique Erlang God spread widely. China, a foreign god, was often transformed, and Jiro was chosen as Zhao Yu or Emperor Wen of Sui, which was the result of the combination of local culture and foreign culture. However, judging from Jiro's deeds in Yuan and Ming zaju, the trace that he was originally the son of King Vishnu has not been eliminated (Random Talk on the Romance of Gods and Ghosts, No.4 Research on World Religions, 1982).

However, there should be no Du Jian. As Professor Zhang said, the belief in the King of Heaven in Pishamen could not have surpassed Tianbao at the earliest, but in the early years of Kaiyuan, there was a record of Erlang God in Cui's Jiao Fangji in the Tang Dynasty, which was completely different, with a difference of several decades, so the time was not established. In fact, Du Jian's statement is a bit like? What happened in the eighties spanned to the thirties? .

What's more, Du Jian was introduced to China as a god of war, and Jiro was the first water conservancy god.

To sum up, Erlang God has nothing to do with Du Jian, and the prototype of Erlang God cannot be Du Jian. Erlang God is a native of China.

Shi Erlang said

Yang Jizhong pointed out that according to Cui's Jiao Fangji, the court musicians in the early Tang Dynasty made the inscription of Erlang God according to the folk tune of singing Erlang God, because the name of Erlang God existed before the early Tang Dynasty. As for Bing's second son, Zhao Yu and Yang Jian? Jiro? , are attached to the Song Dynasty and later generations. So who is this unknown Jiro who was revered as a god by the people before the early Tang Dynasty? 1March, 974, a circular sculpture was unearthed at the bottom of Dujiangyan River in Guankou? Li Bing is a magical stone man. The stone man is 2.9 meters high and has three lines of inscriptions on his chest:

Yin Longchang and Chen Yi made three gods, stones and people. How could Jianning be the title of Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty? Town water? . This stone man is the earliest physical evidence that Li Bing was regarded as the town water god. The inscription says there are three stone figures. Where are the other two? 1975 65438+ 10, another stone carving man was unearthed at the bottom of the same river, only 37 meters away from where Li Bing was unearthed, about 2.2 meters high, shorter than Li Bing. Its stoniness, modeling style and erosion degree are consistent with that of Li Bing, and it can be concluded that it is one of the three immortals. As for the identity of this unknown stone man, it can be considered as an attendant of Bing, and the other remains to be discovered. Li Bing is the prefect of Shu County, and takes attendants according to the ancient method. The Eastern Han Dynasty round carving pays great attention to the beauty of symmetry, so it must have two followers. What was the name of this waiter at that time? Lang? Duties are escort, escort and assistant. People can clearly call Li Bing's God Stone Man, but they should use their identities for these two unknown God Stone Men. To solve it. Because? Lang? There are two, so the abbreviation is? Jiro? And because they are all stone men, they are also called? Ishijiro? . As the story of Li Bing's water treatment spread among the people, Jiro's stories also increased and merged into one, becoming a newly created god. This process lasted about 400 years and was completed before the early Tang Dynasty. Erlang God, also known as Twelve Lang, was carved in the early Tang Dynasty. Shiro? Really? Ishijiro? When the voice turns, can it be restored? Erlang God? It turns out that the historical truth of the two stone men provides some evidence (a brief study of Erlang God, knowledge of literature and history,No. 1982,No. 1). Publishing House: Zhao Edited Collection of Ancient and Modern Records of the Northern Song Dynasty? Li Bing asked his son Jiro to be a three-stone man to save the river? And so on, we can know that the historical fact that Chen Yi made Sanshiren town water in the Eastern Han Dynasty has been misinformed in later legends. Li Erlang? Under my father's orders, I built three stone men to town water. This record seems to provide another evidence for the indissoluble bond between Shi San and Erlang God.

Silkworm obedience theory

Unearthed in a large sacrificial pit at Sanxingdui Ancient Shu State Site, which is only a few tens of miles away from Dujiangyan, it is a powerful religious leader who combines gods, witches and kings? Bronze eyes. The appearance of Erlang God is exactly the same as the bronze statue and bronze mask of Sanxingdui Sacrificial Pit! The statue of Erlang God in the main hall of Erlang Temple before, especially the one used by Shu people to meet Erlang God on his birthday? Body image? No matter from the front, they are all poured out in the same mold as bronze figures. Eyes, nose, eyebrows, mouth and face? All the same. There are also the Journey to the West, the list of gods, the rescue of the mother by splitting the mountain, making a scene in the Heavenly Palace, and Jiro searching for the mountain? The image of Erlang God depicted in the book is the same as that carved in Erlang Temple in Guankou: there is a vertical eye on his forehead. The other two eyes, like the bronze giant standing on the altar of Sanxingdui, have an inclined outer corner, an inclined knife eyebrow, straight cheeks, a well-defined nose and a slightly aquiline nose.

The Taoist book "Prepare River Irrigation" says that Jiro is Can Cong with a vertical eye on his forehead. ? Biography of the King of Shu said: The first king of Shu was Can Cong, and his eyes were vertical. ? Shu people, who have a long tradition of ancestor worship, finally transferred their worship of ancestor Can Cong to Jiro. After Qin destroyed Shu, this belief and worship were not eliminated, but passed down from generation to generation, constantly strengthened and upgraded. Erlang God is the embodiment and shadow of the trinity of ancient Shu king, god and wizard.

Other statements

There are scholars? Erlang God? Is it a prototype in the white legend? Two stare blankly god? , Qiang legend? Luo and two kings? , Yi Legend? Shige Aron? And so on, the same thing is that this belief in God originated in the southwest of China, and its length is not redundant. Interestingly, any viewpoint can clearly explain the evolution of Erlang God belief. If we insist that Erlang God is a hero of the Qiang people and Li Bing is a Qiang people, he once led the Qiang people to control water, which became the cause of the legend that the Qiang people helped others cut jiaozi's water control in the future and deduced it? Li Erlang? Stories; Later, Taoism originated in Sichuan, and absorbed the god worshipped by this minority into its own god system and became? Zhao Erlang? . And stick to the historical sites of Li Bing's water control and the fact that Shiren Town is a water town? Erlang God? On the basis of faith, scholars identify other things with the mutual confirmation of unearthed cultural relics and historical documents? Jiro? Are they all created by Buddhism and attached by scholars?

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