Why has the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang never been stolen on a large scale?

Who dares to disturb Lao Qin’s graveyard? He was one of the most powerful tyrants in the world, and thieves would not dare to enter. If he did, he would be quartered. Wouldn't he be afraid? :) What a joke, the location of Lao Qin’s tomb is relatively inaccurate. This is exactly what the scheming Lao Qin did to prevent you from finding him.

Let us take a look at the mystery of the layout of Qin Shi Huang’s Mausoleum:

The mystery of the layout of Qin Shi Huang’s Mausoleum

(Dayang Net News) The dust on the "civilian figurines" has not yet been When all is gone, the bronze crane has arrived gracefully... The mausoleum of Emperor Qin Shihuang, which has frequently seen miracles, has withstood more than 2,000 years of ups and downs under the "protection" of more than 7,000 terracotta warriors and horses. The latest archaeological exploration and research show that the mystery of the layout of China's first imperial cemetery that has troubled people for many years has been solved.

Experts believe that Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum is like a capital city with regular designs and magnificent buildings, covering an area of ??about 2.13 square kilometers. The layout of the entire cemetery is clear at a glance and can be divided into four levels, namely the underground palace (underground palace). It is the core part, and the others are the inner city, the outer city and outside the outer city in order, with their priorities clearly defined.

According to Xinhuanet, as early as 40 years ago, archaeologists conducted the first comprehensive archaeological exploration of Qin Shi Huang’s Mausoleum, clarified the structure of the inner and outer cities, and obtained some basic data. Since the discovery of the Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses in the 1970s, generations of archaeologists have successively explored and excavated millions of square meters of building foundations, more than 600 various burial pits, burial tombs and tombs of the people who built the tomb, both inside and outside the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum. More than 50,000 cultural relics of various types were produced. But this unprecedented scale of the cemetery still leaves many mysteries behind.

“One of the biggest achievements in the past 40 years is that the layout of Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum is now basically clear.” said Yuan Zhongyi, honorary director of the Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum and an expert on Qin Mausoleum archeology. Yuan was the first generation of archaeologists to participate in the archaeological excavation of the Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses in 1974, and has been committed to the archaeological research of the Qin Mausoleum for decades.

He told reporters: "The Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin, also known as the Lishan Garden, is high in the south and low in the north, with a height difference of 85 meters. It is a rectangular cemetery with the north and south larger than the east and west. The city wall of the cemetery consists of two parts, the inner and outer. , the two city walls are rectangular in the north-south direction and fit into each other, forming a "Hui" shape that is long from north to south and narrow from east to west. The total length of the city wall is about 12 kilometers, which is similar to the length of the Ming Dynasty city wall in Xi'an. "

He said that the core of the cemetery is the underground palace. The Qinling Underground Palace is located under the seal of the southern half of the inner city, which is equivalent to the "palace city" of Qin Shihuang during his lifetime. In this regard, "Historical Records" records that he "used mercury to infuse hundreds of rivers and seas, and imbue them with structures. The upper part is astronomical, and the lower part is geography." Although the circumstances are unclear, there is indeed a strong mercury that is several times higher than the normal value above the underground palace. Exception area.

The second is the inner city. The inner city is the key construction area of ??the Qin Mausoleum. The inner city wall has the most ground and underground facilities, especially the southern half of the inner city. Numerous burial pits such as underground palaces, dormitories, chariots and horses, ceremonial guards, and warehouses are all located in the southern half of the inner city. The west area of ??the northern half of the inner city is the ancillary building area of ??the Bedroom, and the east area is the tomb area for the harem personnel. This layout clearly shows that the southern part of the inner city is the key area and the northern part is the auxiliary area. The connotations of the facilities in the north and south belong to the scope of the palace.

The third is the outer city, that is, the part of the outer city between the inner and outer city walls. According to archaeological data, the western area has the densest concentration of above-ground and underground facilities. Distributed from south to north: a large curved stable pit, 31 pits for rare birds and animals, 48 ??tombs for harem personnel, and three sets of courtyard-style garden temple building foundations for officials. There is a large burial pit in the south of the East District. A large number of stone armors and a few chariots and horses were unearthed in the test excavation. The "Baixi" pit is not far to the south. No remains have been found in the south and north areas. , relics. This layout shows that the western part of the outer city is a key area, and its connotation is that it symbolizes the stables, gardens and temples in the capital, which are obviously subordinate to the inner city.

The last area is outside the outer city wall. In addition to the well-known Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses pit, there are 98 small stable pits and numerous burial tombs. To the west, there are three cemeteries of the tomb builders and brick and tile kiln sites. On the north side, there are storage pits containing animal parts and turtles, the official office of the cemetery supervisor, and Liyi architectural ruins. On the south side, there is a flood control embankment about 40 meters wide near Lishan.

Duan Qingbo, leader of the Qinling Mausoleum Archaeological Exploration Team, said: "After more than two thousand years of historical ups and downs, except for the partial remains of the seal and the inner city wall in the south, the buildings of Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum are almost gone. After exploration and excavation of the inner and outer city gates on the east side and their auxiliary ruins, as well as several other city gate foundations and city walls, it was found that the inner and outer city gates on the east and west sides were all courtyard-style buildings, and were accompanied by three-queue-style buildings, which were particularly important. What is surprising is that the inner city wall of the cemetery is a cloister-style city wall with corridors on both sides, and its four corners also have turrets?

Since Chinese society was in a period of great transformation during the Qin Shi Huang era, the transitional nature of the Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum The complexity of the Mausoleum is often unexpected. The Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin was not only the first in the history of Chinese mausoleums to set up a mausoleum, build a dormitory hall, and start the trend of large-scale construction of burial pits, but it was also different from the previous royal tombs of the Qin Dynasty. There is only one tomb in the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum, and no queen's tomb was found.

In this regard, Yuan Zhongyi believed that according to the concept of "death is like life", the old system of "like a capital" for the mausoleum and the new rule of "the supremacy of imperial power". For the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum under construction, "the layout of the cemetery is basically clear. Although archaeological exploration and excavation are often surprising, it is expected." (Li Yong and Feng Guo)