What mysteries did Qin Shihuang leave behind?

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There are many mysteries in Qin Shihuang's life, among which the following five are the most intriguing and thought-provoking:

1. The mystery of biological father: Whose son was Qin Shihuang?

Regarding the birth of Qin Shihuang, Biography of Lv Buwei in Historical Records said: "Lv Buwei regards all the girls in Handan as excellent dancers and lives in Handan. Zi Chu never drinks Wei, but when he sees it, he will talk about it. Because he was celebrating his birthday, he invited him ... so he offered his concubine. Ji has been hiding from her body, and when she gets her period, she will have a baby. So Li Ji is a concubine cycle, that is, 12 months. This record of Sima Qian was also the source of many historians who later said that Qin Shihuang was the illegitimate child of Lv Buwei. As for Lv Buwei's offering pregnant Zhao Ji to Zi Chu, his intention is to let his son ascend the throne in the future, thus usurping the throne.

However, Sima Qian's statement is suspicious. Because according to modern medical knowledge, the time limit for the fetus to stay in the mother's stomach is 280 days, which is about ten months. If it exceeds this limit, it is deformed, even if it is not stillborn. Besides, how can Lv Buwei be absolutely sure that Evonne will have a son? What if it's a lifelong girl? So isn't the plan to seek the country for others ruined?

2. The mystery of appearance: What did Qin Shihuang look like?

Qin Shihuang was not only born out of phase, but also looked strange. The ugly point is that he is particularly fierce. According to Records of the Historical Records of the First Qin Emperor, the description of Qin Shihuang's appearance by Guo Wei at that time (that is, Qiu of later generations) was "dazzling:' The king of Qin was a man with fine bees and long eyes, and his loyalty to birds was illusory, and the wolf was noisy, and the tiger was less kind, easy to descend, and his ambition was light to eat people ...'" According to Guo Moruo's analysis, "Feng.

However, in the portraits made for Qin Shihuang in the past dynasties, he was portrayed as a graceful and dignified image, handsome and natural. This view has been generally recognized by traditional historians. For example, the famous historian Jane Bozan thought Qin Shihuang was handsome and charming. It is not clear which of these two views is right or wrong.

3. Spouse mystery: Does Qin Shihuang have a queen?

According to historical records, Qin Shihuang had at least 23 sons and 10 daughters, so it can be inferred that there were many concubines in his harem. Strangely, however, the number, names and activities of these concubines can not be found in the history books, nor can any records established by Qin Shihuang be found. Maybe during the reign of Qin Shihuang, there was no queen at all?

There is a saying that Qin Shihuang did not stand behind the emperor, because he hated his mother and Lv Buwei and? What is yeast? Vent? Title? In an instant? Yefu? The child was elevated to the status of the mother instrument world. This explanation is quite reasonable, but it cannot be ruled out that Qin Shihuang did set up a queen, but the historical materials were missing and not preserved.

4. The mystery of preservation: Why did Qin Shihuang preserve this tiny place?

After Qin Shihuang annexed six Shandong countries, he did not completely eliminate the semi-independent regime attached to the six countries, such as defending the country. Although Wei Guo was a vassal of Qin at this time, he was not a county after all and had considerable autonomy. It was not until the first 209 years that Ji Jiao, the monarch of Wei State, was deposed by Qin Ershi, and Wei State officially perished. Regarding the mystery of Qin Shihuang's defending his country, Shang Yang and Qin made great contributions, and they were all patriots. Qin Shihuang kept defending his country out of gratitude. However, considering Qin Shihuang's unkindness, this explanation is too naive.

Qin Shihuang stayed in Wei for another purpose. After the downfall of the six countries in Shandong, Qin Shihuang often awarded the title of "Jun" to a few monarchs imprisoned in Fujian, Zhejiang, Yunnan and Guizhou, and nominally brought their territory into the territory of the Qin Dynasty, keeping them semi-independent. In order to reflect the status of the monarch as a courtier under the emperor's rule, it is necessary to set up a "model" in the Central Plains. Fortunately, defending the country was "selected", which naturally avoided the fate of temporary national subjugation.

5. Mystery of Pit Confucianism: Did Qin Shihuang pit Confucian scholars?

From ancient times to the present, whenever Qin Shihuang's cultural tyranny is mentioned, it is inevitable to use one sentence, that is, "burning books to bury Confucianism." In fact, Qin Shihuang burned books, but as for "burning books to bury Confucianism", there are many doubts. In Historical Records written by Sima Qian and Hanshu written by Ban Gu, it is said that Qin Shihuang trapped and killed warlocks, not Confucian scholars. The theory of "burying Confucianism by burning books" began with the Preface to Kong Anguo, a pseudo-ancient literary history in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Preface: "Qin Shihuang, however, destroyed ancient books, burned books and buried Confucianism, became a bachelor in the world, fled and was dissolved." This theory was recognized and popularized by historians in the Tang Dynasty, and finally formed the viewpoint of modern traditional historiography.

Moreover, The Justice of Historical Records written by Zhang Shoujie in the Tang Dynasty also provided a detailed proof for the incident of "Pit Confucianism": "The place where Wentang is located is now Xinfeng County, which is famous as hometown. There is a manger in the southwest of Wentang, and there is one on the west bank of the manger. According to ancient legends, Qin? Confucianism is also. Wei Hong wrote a letter to the preface of ancient prose,' Qin burned books, fearing that the world would not follow its changed methods, and all the students worshipped Lang, with 700 people around. They planted melons at moderate temperature in Lishan Mountain, and the melons became real. Dr. Zhu Sheng said it. Different people say different things, so it depends on what they say. In order to subdue the machine, all sages and Confucianists are embarrassed, and it is difficult to decide which side to take. Because of the machine, it was filled with earth from above, all of which were pressed, but in the end it was silent. "People with a little rational analysis ability can easily see the absurdity of this record. In order to suppress speech, Qin Shihuang did not dare to kill Confucian scholars, so he wanted to borrow the poor idea of cheating Confucianism. It was really absurd. You know, just one year before the "pit Confucianism", Qin Shihuang issued a "book burning" order to severely punish the behavior of discussing poetry books. If Confucian scholars really dare to break the ban, and some are only openly tortured and physically destroyed, then why assassinate them? Therefore, the joke of "killing Confucianism by borrowing melons" is absurd and not worth refuting.