Who discovered color blindness?

Dalton, a British scientist, 1766 was born in a poor peasant family in Innomra, Cumberland, England. He has no formal education since he was a child. He learned all the knowledge through hard self-study. During his hard self-study, he not only learned from books, but also from nature and all knowledgeable people. Because of his hard study, he made many contributions to mankind all his life, discovered the "law of gas partial pressure" and "law of multiple proportion", and founded the atomism. It was Dalton, whom Engels called "the father of modern chemistry", who played many jokes in his youth. However, the joke is not due to his ignorance, but to a congenital physical defect. One year, he went to Cumberland to play with some young friends who also dropped out of school. When they were walking on the sidewalk of a wide street, a group of soldiers happened to pass by the street. While he was watching, a little boy next to him pointed to the soldiers' clothes and said, "What a bright red coat!" " "Dalton immediately retorted," how can you be so stupid that you can't even tell the color? How can the clothes worn by marching soldiers be red when they are grass green? "You all say!" The children finally couldn't help laughing. Dalton was embarrassed by the laughter, but he was still puzzled. 10 years have passed. When Dalton was 28 years old, he specially arranged time to go to the department store to celebrate his mother's birthday, and wanted to buy something that her old man likes to eat as a birthday present for her. Dalton walked into the department store and saw a dazzling array of goods on the shelves, but none of them were to Dalton's taste. It seems that Dalton finally went to the sock counter and asked the salesperson to pick out some pairs of socks for him. After some comparison, he took a fancy to a pair of high-grade stockings, let the salesperson wrap them up, and then paid the money and went home directly. Along the way, Dalton thought, socks are very soft, they must be very comfortable to wear, the knitting is also very fine, the style is still fashionable, and the luster is good, especially the dark blue. Dalton thinks it is most suitable for the elderly to wear, elegant and generous, and the more he thinks about it, the more desirable it is. Thinking about it, I feel that I have walked to my door. Before I could cross the threshold, I shouted all the way: "Mom, look what I bought for you!" " "Mother heard the second child so happy to call her, and hurried to the living room to have a look. When Dalton saw his mother, he held the new socks to his mother with joy and respectfully said, "Mom, today is your birthday. I bought you a pair of stockings in the department store specially. Put them on and you will be satisfied! " The old mother looked at the exquisite socks carefully, then smiled and said, "Silly little two, look at how bright the colors of these socks are." How to wear it at such a big age? Dalton, who suffers from color blindness, misunderstood his mother's meaning and quickly added, "Mom, dark blue socks are just right for your age! """Ha ha ha ha ha ..." The old mother leaned back and smiled, and all the servants present laughed. Everyone thought Dalton was joking on purpose! My brother came to the living room after hearing the laughter. There is no doubt that Dalton saw his brother coming, so he picked up his stockings and asked him, "Brother, is it appropriate for mom to put on these dark blue socks?" "Yes, this age is the best for my mother to wear." My brother voted for it without hesitation. "Ha ha, ha ha ..." There was another burst of laughter. Gal, Dalton brothers really froze. "Children, these socks are obviously red, as red as cherries. How can you say they are dark blue? " Mom still said with a smile. At this time, Dalton's period just came to his mother's birthday, and he smiled when he heard that his socks were blue. In this way, the whole room was divided into two factions: one insisted that it was the dark blue Dalton brothers; One must be red. However, Dalton did not stop arguing because of this. Conversely, he pointed to his upper body and asked, "menstruation, what color is my coat?" Menstruation replied categorically: "Green!" "Strange, my coat is dark red, how can it become green?" As a scientist, Dalton is full of doubts in the face of this strange phenomenon, and on the other hand, he has to get to the bottom of it and find out the truth. So, he stopped all the chemical experiments at hand, specialized in research, and wanted to find out wholeheartedly. After a period of hard work, it proved that my brother and I suffered from a congenital eye disease because of the atavism, and some colors were unclear. Dalton is a thoughtful scientist. It was not until he came here that he stopped studying this matter. He further thought: have other people's eyes suffered from the same problem except my brother and me? Dalton made a comprehensive survey of many people's vision and found that there are still many people who can't distinguish certain colors. Roughly estimated, there are 5-6 men in every 100 and 100 women. 1794, Dalton published his research results and called this eye disease "color blindness". After the publication of Dalton's research paper, it aroused widespread concern in society. In recognition of Dalton, the British also called color blindness "Dalton's disease". Color-blind people are not suitable to be drivers, cashiers and artists. For example, when a colored blind person drives, he will read wrong road signs, rice fields and so on. Because of his low ability to distinguish colors, it led to traffic accidents; Bank tellers are color-blind, and they can't tell the authenticity of banknotes, so the loss can be great; How ridiculous it is for a color-blind painter to draw a color picture with uncoordinated colors! Interestingly, people with color blindness usually don't affect their daily activities or feel pain, so some people don't even know that they have the disease all their lives. References:

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