How does Balzac view the relationship between environment and characters in the book "Gao Lao Tou"?

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Title: Analyze Balzac's Gao Lao Tou, and explain the ideological and artistic features of Balzac's creation.

Reward score: 20- Question time 2008-3-11/kloc-0: 27.

Reference: Gao Laotou plays an important role in human comedy. Many important figures in human comedy made their debut in Gao Laotou. Judging from the character system, Gao Laotou can be said to be a prelude to human comedy. The ideological and artistic characteristics of Balzac's creation can be expounded by combining the ideological content, typicality of characterization and structural skills of Gao Laotou.

This is the topic of my graduation thesis this year, but I am completely blind now ~ I hope someone can help me, thank you ~ ~

Questioner: Dream Whispering-other answers to the first level *** 1

Balzac's Gao Lao Tou

Gao Lao Tou is a famous novel by Balzac, a great French critical realism writer in the 19th century. The whole novel truly and vividly "reflects the social environment of the whole era he wants to write" by describing the unfortunate ending of the flour merchant Gao Lao in his later years during the French Revolution. (Preface to the translation of Eugenie Grandet Gaolaotou, translated by Zhao Jianwu and Fu Lei, People's Literature Publishing House, 198 1 edition, page 1) profoundly reveals and criticizes the desire and disaster brought by money in French society.

Old and tall, middle-aged and widowed. He devoted all his love to his two daughters. He gave almost all his love and money to make them squeeze into the upper class. However, in the end, the old man with no money died alone in Fu Gaigong's attic, and none of his daughters really came to see him.

Honoré de Balzac's real name is Honore balsa. His father was an upstart during the French Revolution, and his mother was the daughter of a banker. Balzac's father changed his surname to Balzac, a noble surname, because he often dealt with the upper class and felt that the civilian surname balsa was disgraceful. The family's political attitude, fame and fortune thought and feudal consciousness of attaching to nobles played a negative role in Balzac's creation. But it is precisely because of this life experience that Balzac is used to intrigue in French society and to people's ingratitude for money regardless of family ties. These also provide rare materials for his works.

During the twenty-two years from 1830 to 1852, Balzac has successively created: the story of a double man (1830), the story of a donkey's skin (183 1) and Colonel Xia Bei (/kloc-0). Disillusionment (1837 ~ 1843), Aunt Bei (1846), Farmer (1844 ~ 1852) and other works.

In the end, he spent 20 years of hard work and energy casting the most brilliant literary milestone in the history of European literature-Human Comedy, which consists of about 90 ministers and short stories. And "Gao Laotou" is called the first work to practice "human comedy". From this novel, Balzac began to reproduce the characters in human comedy. He groped for the social existence of character communication in his heart.

As one of the founders of realistic novels, Balzac put forward a set of realistic aesthetics to people. Accurate observation, choice of details, creation of living environment, dramatic development, unity and concentration of image and passion make Balzac successfully establish his social realism method.

Old Man is a true portrayal of French society at that time. Its profound and thorough ideological connotation and typical rich characters have achieved perfect artistic combination through the author's pen. I think we can understand Balzac's ideological connotation, artistic characteristics, writing characteristics and creative characteristics from the following points.

The works study and reveal the essence of the real society through the psychological process of the characters.

Obviously, Balzac wrote a complete history of the old man Gao. The story describes the social life of Paris during the Bourbon Restoration from the end of 18 19 to the beginning of 1820. Through two stories, the author reflects the characteristics of the restoration period and the social outlook, and it is the characters in his novels who undertake this historical process.

In Balzac's novels, each character always has his own characteristics of the times and life brand. The psychological change of characters always indicates the change of this era, and finally reveals the influence and function brought by the whole society. Rasty Nie in Gao Lao Tou is such a figure, and his description runs through the whole article.

Rasty Nie is a young college student. He comes from a poor aristocratic family with white skin, black hair and blue eyes. He is passionate and talented. He has a desire to climb up, and wants to be a clean and honest judge by his own efforts. But he can't stand the temptation of the prosperous society in Paris.

"In many trivial matters that don't need to be listed one by one, his desire for power and his desire to get ahead have been strengthened tenfold. Like all ambitious people, he vowed to fight for everything on his own. " (Fu Lei, Eugene Grandold, People's Literature Publishing House, 198 1 Edition, page 21~ 212).

His life track truly explains the life choices faced by many young people in French society. When he realized that the road to hard work was too difficult and too far, and the full amount might not work, he began to look for support in the real society. This novel describes:

"I found that women have a great influence on social life, and suddenly I want to join the upper class and conquer several women who can be his backstage." (Eugenie Grandet Gao Laotou, translated by Fu Lei, People's Literature Publishing House, 198 1 version, page 2 12).

Rasty Nie witnessed the retirement of Madame Busayoun, which proved that "noble brother" and "sincere love" could not compete with money, and also made him understand a cold reality, that is, even between lovers, they pursued the principles of egoism and money worship, otherwise it would be a disaster. Fu Tuoling's arrest proved that the superior "courage and ingenuity" can't compete with money, and once again let him verify the truth that ordinary people worship money. Lao Gaoman's tragic death proved that "noble fatherly love" could not compete with money, which made him deeply know that the principles of egoism and money worship were not only popular in the whole society, but also penetrated into the family's closest relatives. Rasty's Nie buried Lao Gaoman and the last tear of his youth. The whole process made him accept the law of bourgeois egoism and become a bourgeois careerist. Balzac studied and demonstrated Rasty's inner struggle and ideological changes from the height of the whole society. It also points out that the transformation process of Rasty Nie is the change of its class attribute, and the change from a simple young man from other provinces to an unscrupulous careerist is the degeneration of its moral quality. He saw the essence of the whole French society through the psychological process of the characters, analyzed and exposed the naked money relationship between people in capitalist society from the perspective of economics, and criticized and denounced the law of money that dominated the whole society.

He not only made a list of vices and virtues truthfully, but also used the viewpoint of class struggle of bourgeois historians to explore and study the reasons and significance behind these phenomena. He even violated his sympathy and prejudice, and revealed the historical process of the bourgeoisie's victory over the nobility and the objective trend of the realistic development. This is his faithful realistic creative thought and the profound ideological connotation of this novel.

The works shape the characters' personalities through their passion and personality language.

Gao Lao Tou is a sign that Balzac's creation has reached a mature stage. This realistic writing style was followed by other works of Balzac's Human Comedy and became a classic. More than 20 characters in Gao Laotou became the pioneers of more than 2,000 characters in the whole Human Comedy.

The novel "Gao Lao tou" mainly shows all this through two groups of characters. One group is the tragedy that Lao Gaoman was abandoned by his daughter. He turned from prosperity to decline, and finally became a victim of money relations, and pitifully withdrew from the stage of life in Paris. The other group is the experience of a degenerate bourgeois careerist, which is characterized by Rasty's Nie. From the countryside to the big city, he tried to climb into the upper class, attached to the money relationship, and began to walk on the stage of life in Paris. The two clues in the novel are intertwined, complement each other and deepen each other, and consistently run through all the plots of this human tragedy.

Looking at the whole work, it is not difficult to find that most of the text writers complete it through the language dialogue of the characters. Therefore, the personalization of characters' language is an important content of the author's writing. The shaping of various characters, each character's thoughts and behaviors are inseparable from their inner monologues, and the language in aristocratic salons is absolutely different from that of fugitives.

During the formation of Rasty's careerist personality, Mrs. Bao Siang and Votlon were his mentors, who taught Rasty's philosophy of extreme egoism and the law of money respectively.

As a social butterfly of the upper class, Madame Busion was born in a noble family and was the last daughter of the French "Bagon royal family". She told Rasty that the upward path was entirely bourgeois. In gentle language, she taught him to use the legal means of "self-interest and money worship" without seeing blood. "'society is mean and cruel,' said the viscount at last. ..... "Well, Mr. Rasty, you must fight back against this society," ... The more heartless you are, the higher you rise. If you beat people mercilessly, people will be afraid of you. "... isn't it, if you don't have a woman who cares, he is worthless here. This woman must be young, rich and beautiful. "("Eugenie Grandet Gaolaotou "translated by Fu Lei, People's Literature Publishing House 198 1 Edition, p. 256).

As a hunted slave of the lower class, Votolen enlightened Rasty Nie with his naked robber language and achieved the goal of "attaching importance to money" by illegal bloodshed. He said to Rasty's Nie, "Do you know how Parisians conquered the world? Either the brilliance of genius or the ability to corrode. In this crowd, you don't go in like a cannonball, you have to go in like a plague. Innocence and honesty are useless. " (Eugenie Grandet Gao Laotou, translated by Fu Lei, People's Literature Publishing House, 198 1 Edition, p. 280)

Two different persuasions have the same effect, but their expressions are completely different. It seems that in order to prove their respective influences on Rusty's Nie, the author directly distinguishes their functions through Rusty's Nie's thoughts.

"Rasty nie couldn't help thinking,' what a stubborn guy! Mrs. T. Boucylon told me politely, and he said naked. He tore my heart with steel claws. "("Eugenie Grandet Gao Laotou "translated by Fu Lei, People's Literature Publishing House 198 1 Edition, p. 280).

Although Rasty Nie was moved by Fortolene's naked words, when Fortolene put forward a plan to kill people, he finally failed to do it. This shows that he is not mature enough to meet the predatory nature of capitalism as a whole

It is not difficult to see that every important figure in Balza's works is controlled by some kind of passion, and they can't control themselves to satisfy this passion. Balzac uses this erotic and personalized language to describe the personality of the characters. Personalized language plays an important role in shaping the characters and expressing the characteristics of the times in Gao Laotou.

The work creates a perfect artistic image through typical characters in a typical environment.

As Engels said: "In my opinion, realism means not only the truth of details, but also the true representation of typical characters in typical environments." (Selected Works of Marx and Engels, Volume 4, page 462) In Balzac's view, any individual can't do without group shaping, just as any individual can't do without society. The unity of personality and sex is the generalization and summary of similar people. Therefore, in his The Old Man, all the characters live in the specific environment of Paris, including the background of the times, the social outlook, the relationship between the characters and the material conditions of daily life. And this special environment has an impact on all kinds of people living in this era. The relationship between environment and characters, and the social relationship between environment and characters are what the author should try his best to show.

Gao Laotou describes a rich apartment and three noble families, one is poor and the other is luxurious, but they all reflect the historical characteristics of the restoration period, which is a typical environment for the formation of Rusty's great personality. Rasty's activities in two opposing and interrelated environments completed his life education and personality transformation. The description of the inside and outside of the rich apartment makes people feel immersive, and the description of the aristocratic salon can also reflect people's identity and character.

Although people living in this environment have different identities and their own pursuits and goals, they can't escape the temptation and mercy of money in the end.

Four plot clues are arranged in the book, with the fall of Rasty's Nie as the main line, while others play a supplementary role, criss-crossing and distinct. Therefore, we know that the depiction of typical characters in typical environment in "Gao Lao tou" is the greatest artistic feature of Balzac's creation.

For example, Balzac described Madame Busayoun in this way. Although she taught the bourgeoisie in Rasty "egoism and money worship" in gentle language, she has always been the communication queen of the upper-class aristocratic society and maintained a stubborn aristocratic tradition. Her lover, the Marquis of Portugal, abandoned her in order to get a bourgeois lady with a dowry of 4 million. Frustration in love made her bid farewell to Paris and live in seclusion in the countryside. This is the result of the times. As a socialite of the upper class in Paris at that time, Madame Busion could only maintain her aristocratic status, but yearned for bourgeois life. Balzac gave her infinite sympathy and tried to exaggerate the tragic atmosphere when she withdrew from the historical stage.

Fu Tuoleng, nicknamed "Ghost Fool", is a bandit leader and absconding convict in Gao Laotou, and a representative of the image of a vicious bourgeois crocodile who has not yet gained power. Because of his rich social experience, shrewd mind and keen eye, his exposure of the true face of society often hits the nail on the head.

Fortorin told Rasty's Nie: "Those who sit in a car covered with mud are gentlemen, while those who walk on two legs covered with mud are villains and hooligans. Pick anything and show it to the court square. Everyone treats you like a play and steals 1 million. In the communication field, you will be called a great man and a great virtue. You spent 30 million on military police and judicial personnel to maintain this morality. Wonderful! " (Eugenie Grande Gaolaotou, translated by Fu Lei, People's Literature Publishing House, 198 1 Edition, p. 227) In the whole social environment, as an absconding criminal, he wants to fight evil with evil and get wealth by any means. But in the end, even a clever, tenacious and socially aware robber was defeated by money. Balzac's attitude towards him is contradictory, that is, writing him as a representative of evil embodies the evil of the bourgeois law of the jungle and extreme egoism, and appreciates his courage and ability.

We find that the author always lets the beautiful and typical environment influence the characters' personalities. Whether it is the specific living environment in which the characters live, the background of the whole era and the political, economic and cultural environment, it has a profound and shocking impact on the characters in the book. I think this is the charm of Balzac's critical realism works.

Through the description of the details of the story, the work truly reproduces life and accurately expresses the theme.

We find that in the works of "Gao Laotou", whether it is the arrest of Fu Tuoleng, the farewell dance of Mrs. Bao Saiong or the death of Gao Laotou, it is thrilling and full of dramatic effects. The true description of story details is another creative feature of Balzac's works.

Gao Lao-tou not only uses the technique of drama structure to organize contradictions and conflicts, but also pays attention to describing drama details. Balzac attaches great importance to the description of the details of the characters' actions, and writes the characters' inner thoughts and personalities through writing actions. For example, every time Lao Gaoman eats a piece of bread, he must put it under his nose and smell it. This unremarkable action vividly shows the inner world of an old man. He cherishes every penny he earns and shows his father's love for his daughter-"doting".

The image of an old man is the product of the rapid transformation from feudal society to capitalist society. He retained the inherent male chauvinism of the citizens and bought his daughter's "caress" with money. He wants to seek spiritual sustenance and comfort from his daughter in order to gain her respect and love for her parents and always hear "my good father".

Poor Gao Man is dying, and he is still looking forward to his two daughters coming to see him. "'None,' Rasty Nie shouted ..." No, "the old man sat up and said. ..... they won't come. I knew it. I don't know what my daughter is until I die! Alas, my friend, don't get married and have children! You give them life, they give you death. You bring them into this world, and they drive you out of this world. "They won't come," a tear came from each of his eyes and rolled to the edge of his bright red eyelid without falling. (Eugenie Grandet Gao Laotou, translated by Fu Lei, People's Literature Publishing House 198 1 Edition, p. 420).

This is Lao Gaoman's desperate cry at the last moment of his life. There are not only the misfortunes and sorrows of the old man's personal life, but also the author Balzac's condemnation of the society corroded by money and his helplessness to the arrival of the bourgeois era.

Money is a symbol of the new era of capitalism, and fatherly love is the residual affection of the outdated patriarchal clan system, which constitutes the contradictory character of Gao Laotou. Old man Gao is a typical image of his father's love being destroyed by money. Old Gao Man was the product of the rapid transformation of French society from patriarchal clan system to capitalism. His tragic death proved that money destroyed humanity, conscience and family. His essence is the tragedy that the feudal patriarchal clan system was defeated by the bourgeois moral principle of money supremacy.

He cultivated his daughter's egoism and money worship, but he became a victim of the relationship between egoism and money. His fatherly love not only has the feudal patriarchal consciousness centered on fatherly love, but also has the bourgeois money worship thought. Balzac tried to exaggerate his father's love. However, as an abandoned father, Lao Gaoman's tragic experience is realistic and typical.

We can see that Balzac, a great literary master, has vivid and accurate descriptions of details, both in his psychological description of the old man and his daughter's behavior. His profound literary foundation and extraordinary artistic accomplishment cannot but amaze our readers.

Balzac's works have become a complete historical masterpiece through the classification of events and characters and the description of characters' language and personality. Both the aristocratic image and the bourgeois image in the real society are props used by the author to reveal society and life. This is a truly great and outstanding masterpiece of critical realism.

Summary:

Gao Laotou is a famous work of Balzac, a French writer, and a masterpiece of critical realism. In order to open up a new world of French novels, it "established a realistic tradition for future generations that is still getting rid of sex." (Preface to the translation of Eugenie Grandet Gaolaotou, translated by Zhao Jianwu and Fu Lei, People's Literature Publishing House, 198 1 version, p. 1 page).

The novel exaggerates the so-called father's love, which leads to his tragic ending. Through psychological description, it depicts the contradiction between Rasty's inner conscience and ambition, and successfully shows the evolution of his personality. With demonic words and deeds and naked robber language, Fu Tuoleng, a hunted convict in the lower class, was portrayed. This paper tells the story of Mrs. Bao Saiong, the queen of high society communication, about her understanding of society and life and her tragic experience with many characters.

Balzac successfully saw the essence of the whole society through the course phenomena of various characters. Both the noble and bourgeois images in real society are props used by the author to reveal society and life. The author profoundly exposes the naked money relationship between people in capitalist society and criticizes and denounces the law of money that dominates the whole society.

Balzac classifies events and characters, portrays the characters' language and personality, and makes the work Gao Lao Tou a complete historical masterpiece. This is an outstanding masterpiece of great critical realism in the true sense.