How to improve logical thinking

How to cultivate and improve one's logical thinking ability? What are the specific methods in daily life?

If you want to improve your logical thinking ability, you must first understand what logic is! Because many people now think that people who can speak in the debate are people with strong logical ability, which is a wrong understanding. It's best to start with the basic knowledge of logic. It's best to buy a book online or download a book about logic. You can also find some logic questions online, but you must find the answers. Better have an answer. Introduction to Logic (version 1 1) was written by American Kopi/Cohen. It is a good textbook from introduction to mastery, with more than 700 pages. It also cost me about 50 yuan, and I bought it online. There are some simple introductory ones, such as simple logic. Especially in senior management, leaders with strong logical ability can easily find the problems existing in enterprises, and their speeches can also be meaningful, such as formulating strategies, reporting work, and formulating management regulations. And clear logic is very important! In daily life, we should apply the logical knowledge learned from books to our daily work and study. For example, when we talk to people, we should analyze what is logic, what is fallacy and what is sophistry. The key is to be careful! .

No, I don't think the absolute method on the first floor is very good. "It is good to read more. The key is to learn to think while reading, and to learn to ask answers! Western philosophy Nietzsche Schopenhauer Plato's works; China's classical literature books are also worth reading. "Zhuangzi Xunzi" is a very strong way of thinking, which has been improving since then. I think the landlord can read books on reading, writing and thinking. To tell the truth, some people say that thinking doesn't know what thinking is. Recommend the landlord to read books on thinking. Reading is quiet and quiet, which can improve people's associative ability. Generally speaking, reading depends on experience to combine and produce opinions. If you read few books, you can start with one. Learn some simple truths, such as math problems. If you are more exclusive to math, you can link memory and imagination to improve your thinking ability indirectly. Thinking can be roughly divided into logical thinking, image thinking, reverse thinking, vertical thinking, diversified thinking and so on. According to different requirements, it is best to study for thinking.

How to improve logical thinking?

First, develop the habit of understanding things from multiple angles.

Logical reasoning is carried out on the basis of grasping the inherent and inevitable relationship between things. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop the habit of understanding things from multiple angles and comprehensively understand the internal and external aspects of things and the various relationships between one thing and another. The first thing is to learn the thinking habit of "seeking differences from the same": compare the same things, find out some differences and distinguish the same things. At the same time, we should learn the thinking habit of "seeking common ground while reserving differences": compare different things, find out the similarities in one aspect and summarize different things.

Second, play the role of imagination in logical reasoning.

Exerting imagination can greatly promote the improvement of logical reasoning ability. To develop imagination, we must first enrich imagination materials and expand our knowledge. The more solid the knowledge base is, the wider the knowledge is, and the more imaginative it is. Secondly, image processing should be carried out frequently to form a correct representation of knowledge. Knowledge is only the basis of forming imagination, which does not mean that the more knowledge, the richer imagination. The key is whether you have the habit of processing knowledge in the image and forming correct representation. Besides, we should enrich our own language. Imagination depends on language and description that forms new representations. Therefore, language ability directly affects the development of imagination. Only by consciously accumulating vocabulary, reading more literary works, practicing and writing more, and learning to describe people and events in rich languages can we expand our imagination.

Third, enrich the theoretical knowledge about thinking.

In fact, there are differences in generality, logicality and consciousness in reasoning, and there are also formal differences between deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning. Moreover, the development of reasoning ability follows certain laws. Middle school students should know more about the theoretical knowledge of thinking development and consciously use theory to guide the development of their logical reasoning ability. Generally speaking, middle school students' mastery and application of various reasoning abilities are unbalanced. For example, the results of inductive reasoning show that the correct utilization rate of junior one students has exceeded 60%; Deductive reasoning cannot approach 60% accuracy until the third grade. According to this law, middle school students should learn to consciously take theory as guidance to promote the balanced development of their various logical abilities.

Fourth, maintain a good emotional state.

Psychological research reveals that being in a bad mood will affect the speed and accuracy of logical reasoning. Uncontrolled revelry, rage and crying, as well as persistent depression, worry and fear, will have a bad influence on reasoning. Therefore, middle school students should learn to use consciousness to adjust and control their emotions and moods, keep themselves calm and relaxed, and improve the level and quality of their logical reasoning.

How to train logical thinking

There are two ways to train logical thinking. One is that the practices and procedures have been determined, and the executors can complete the work as long as they follow the model. This is the so-called "standard operation". The other is that the creative efforts of the executors must be added. The most common example is that if you develop new products without creativity, it is impossible to be different. If you want to earn more than10 million a year, the only way is to get into the habit of being creative at work. In other words, you must be a knowledge worker, not an assembler. In other words, to improve their strategic thinking ability, the following three methods may be the most commonly used in the workplace: multiple thinking, logical thinking and creative thinking. In other words, we should not expect only one answer to everything, but should think from many aspects and create the possibility of multiple solutions. People who are used to multiple thinking methods can analyze any problem from different angles and viewpoints, even if it is a big problem, and can find a solution. So, how to cultivate the ability of multiple thinking? Here are three good ways. Remind yourself not to be a "cooked frog". There is a fairy tale in which the protagonist is a frog. The frog accidentally fell into the pot on the stove, because the water temperature was 20 degrees, and the frog felt very comfortable. But the water temperature gradually rises, rising to 30 degrees and 40 degrees. But because the water temperature changes slowly, although it feels hotter and hotter, the accustomed frog is too lazy to jump out. As a result, the frog was finally cooked. In fact, there are similar situations in our work and life. Once we get used to it, even if the environment deteriorates, we will think that "just bear it." After a long time, we feel paralyzed, and when the problem is so serious that we can't control it, there is nothing we can do. Therefore, when there is an early warning at work, we must strictly remind ourselves. Never become a "cooked frog". Thinking from different standpoints, most people actually have quite fixed thinking patterns. But once things are fixed, they lose the flexibility of multiple creativity. It is the most fundamental step to exercise your multiple thinking ability, abandon past habits and rethink from another angle. To get into the habit of thinking while writing, you will always record good ideas and ideas. It is also an effective way to cultivate multi-thinking ability. Just the imagination in your head makes your thinking prone to deviation and narrowness. Writing it down will make it easier for you to grasp the overall situation and find out the shortcomings and defects. 2. Improve your logical thinking ability. The so-called "thinking and reasoning ability" simply means that you can't work hard when facing problems. As for the specific training methods of ethical thinking, there are three ways-from macro to micro, MECE and logical tree. The so-called "blind people touch the elephant" means that they can't grasp the outline of things as a whole, so they have to make a wrong imagination by covering the whole place. After developing the habit of thinking from macro to micro, MECE thinking method may wish to further learn "MECE" thinking mode. Simply put, "repetition" is a waste of energy. The application of logical tree diagram can be said to be the epitome of logical thinking method. Its main feature is that it can effectively deal with the relationship between size, causality and hierarchy. People with few ideas and weak thinking ability are easily eliminated in the business world. How to improve your creative thinking ability? Here are three good ways to brainstorm. The reason why most people don't have enough ideas is mainly due to the improper influence of "common sense" and "prejudice". The simple way to get rid of them is to use "brainstorming". Many enterprises like to brainstorm, put forward new work plans and plan the future development direction. When brainstorming, we must: first, try to let all kinds of ideas run out; Second, imitate "loneliness" to form new ideas. For example, when discussing the topic of "how to use an empty jar", some people say that it is used to "hold water" and serve as a teacup. At this time, we can extend the word "sheng shui" to "sheng tu", that is, as a potted plant. Then, in the same way, it can also be used to hold soot and become an "ashtray" ... the possibilities are actually infinite. The process of sorting out ideas belongs to theory and can promote the activity of the left brain. Therefore, sorting out ideas can train both the left brain and the right brain at the same time. What's more, creativity has to be evaluated and tested by others. If they are not recorded and classified, they will lose the chance to be tested. Such an idea is usually useless. To make use of ideas, we must focus and classify. First, we must distinguish between "useful ideas" and "useless ideas", and prioritize all kinds of ideas, and pick out the most useful ones first. Secondly, "classification" must put together ideas with similar nature, so as to clearly present the characteristics of ideas. Do you have to call a lot of people together to brainstorm? In fact, even one person can achieve the effect of brainstorming. Of course, it is more difficult for a person to brainstorm, so it is necessary to form a habit. For example, you might as well practice brainstorming for 5 minutes every day, come up with 20 plans in 3 minutes, come up with 30 plans in 5 minutes and so on. For a subject, in short, develop the habit of brainstorming, and your thinking and creativity are naturally excellent.

How to improve a person's logical thinking ability

Online finishing.

For reference only, let's share an interesting reasoning process: a young man goes to a barber shop to get a haircut. He asked, "How long does it take to get a haircut?" The barber looked at the customers in the shop and said, "About two hours." The young man is gone.

A few days later, the young man came for a haircut. As soon as I entered the door, I asked, "How long does it take to get a haircut?" The barber glanced at the customers in line in the shop and said, "About three hours." The young man is gone.

A week later, the young man came again and asked, "How long does it take to get a haircut?" The barber saw that the shop was full of customers and said, "About four and a half hours." The young man is gone.

The barber looked at a friend in the shop and said, "Hey, Bill, follow this guy and see where he goes. He always came to ask him how long he had to wait for a haircut, but he never came back. "

After a while, Bill went back to the store, laughing hysterically. The barber asked, "Where did he leave here?" Bill looked up and smiled with tears in his eyes: "I went to your house!" " "At first I thought it was a dirty joke, but later I felt ashamed. This young man is a thief and should have stolen something, so this is a serious joke.

But when I watched it again, it was still a dirty joke, because if I stole something, I might have been caught twice before. This makes sense at first glance, but there is a key figure in the text-Bill, why did he laugh hysterically and burst into tears? No matter on the barber's side or the young man's side, his smile is not very reasonable. As an excellent joke, there should be no such mistakes, which shows that my understanding of this joke is biased.

We need to continue to analyze and re-understand. Now our focus is on Bill. Why is he the only one with a name in the whole article? The young man went to the barber shop three times. Bill, has he been here all the time? What exactly does Bill stand for? What do hairdressers and young men stand for? Marx said, "Think about everything." So, first of all, let's analyze the background of this story and what kind of social conditions it takes place in.

The background of the story involves two places, one bright and the other dark. The name of my friend who is a barber under the light is Bill, which is an obvious western name.

It takes a long time to queue up for a haircut in the dark, and the haircut service is in short supply. Judging from the clues in the lamp, the story usually happens in western countries, but everything is afraid of being true, so we can't jump to conclusions hastily, and we should make a comprehensive analysis to see which result is more reasonable and realistic.

Let's keep looking. It seems impossible to draw any definite conclusion from the darkness, but judging from the source and spreading process of jokes, especially considering the warning function of the story, I think this story is set in China, and I believe everyone has the experience of queuing for a haircut.

But why did the author let a westerner's name appear? Who the hell is he? To answer this question, we need to re-analyze the roles of hairdressers and young people. This young man's activities are very simple. Every time he goes to the barber shop, he asks if there is a place, then he goes to the barber shop, then to the barber shop, and then to the barber shop. If yes, the third one (I wonder if it will continue).

Here, I think the barber shop, as a large and unrestricted place, is a metaphor for the whole society, while the barber is in charge of the society, while the barber's house represents a place where young people can temporarily leave the society but can't live and stay for a long time. Young people obviously represent a kind of people, and the key point is on this small scale, representing youth.

Let's imagine, a young man, running to the society and asking, is there a place? People in power say, no, how long will it take? The young man had to leave here for a while and go to a temporary place. After a while, he came over and asked, is this scene familiar? What is this? By the way, you are right. The young man represents the students looking for a job, the location of the barber shop represents the job opportunity, and the barber's home is our lovely school. In this way, the whole joke can be translated into this: Do you have a job after graduating from college? No, wait another two years, alas, then I have to study for a master's degree; I graduated with a master's degree Do you have a job? No, wait another three or four years, alas, then you have to be a doctor; I got my doctorate when I graduated. Do you have a job? No, wait. Well, we have to fuck a strong man.

Now back to our original question, who is Bill? Think again, which bill is the best now? Congratulations, you got it right again. He's Bill Gates! In this way, you can understand why Bill laughed so hysterically. Bill went to work before he graduated from college, so it was really funny to see the young man go back to study for a doctorate for work. To sum up, this joke is actually about school and employment.

Whether the above reasoning result is really the intention of the joke teller or not, at least it is a very reasonable metaphorical logic. Then how can I improve my logical thinking ability? The first thing to say is that it is useless to read too many books "I'll teach you how to think".

To put it bluntly, logical thinking is a skill. Just like playing games, picking up girls and boxing, more practice is the key. Reading is an effective way to systematically learn knowledge, but it is not an effective way to acquire skills.

You can't learn a way of thinking just by reading books. Secondly, it's useless to do math problems.

I don't know what the really difficult math is, but as far as most people are familiar with high school math problems, they are just practicing a skill: how to solve them quickly and find the answer in a given time. The meaning of logical thinking is broader than this.

People with good logic can do math problems faster, but doing math problems is not a direct way to improve logic. The third is that it is useless to look at the introduction to logic, and it will be dizzy.

The following is quoted from Baidu Encyclopedia: "Logical thinking is a rational cognitive process in which people actively reflect objective reality with the help of concepts, judgments, reasoning and other thinking forms in the cognitive process, also known as theoretical thinking." Does this help you? After studying Newton physics for ten years, your hit rate may not be higher than others.

Then write what I think is the most effective practice method. My personal experience is to write some exercises and do them by myself.