Lev tolstoy's works

His early works mainly include: the autobiographical trilogy Childhood, Teenagers and Youth, the collection of military novels The Story of Sevastopol, the novella Morning of a Landlord, and the novel Lucerne written during his travels in Western Europe.

In the early 1960s, his creation reached its climax. In addition to the novella Cossack (1853 ~ 1863), he also wrote the epic novel War and Peace (1866 ~ 1869).

The main work in the 1970s is the novel anna karenine (1873 ~ 1877).

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, on the basis of long-term spiritual exploration, he completed a complete transformation of his world outlook, divorced from his own class and turned to patriarchal farmers. At this time, he strengthened his criticism of the autocratic system, but also advocated "non-violence and non-cooperation" and "moral self-improvement"

After 1980s, Tolstoy continued to create masterpieces. The novel Resurrection was completed on 1899, which can be said to be a summary of the writer's life-long thought and artistic exploration.

In addition, his major published works include: The Death of Ivan ilych, Hai Zi Miao La, After the Ball, The Power of Darkness, The Promethean and so on.

Tolstoy in his later years was always deeply troubled by the distance between his thoughts and feelings and the peasants, and he was very uneasy about the huge gap between his family life and the peasants. 19101010 ran away from home, got pneumonia on the way, and died at Astabovo station on the 20th. At the age of 82.

Tolstoy was born into a noble family, entered Kazan University in 1844, dropped out of school in 1847 and returned to his hometown, trying to reform serfdom in his own territory. 185 1 ~ 1854 served in the Caucasian army and began to write.

From 65438 to 1960s, his works began to be translated and published in Britain, Germany and other countries. At the turn of the 1970s and 1980s, 19 won the reputation of a world-class writer with its French translation of War and Peace, and became the main target of "Russian fever" in Europe and America at that time.

Extended data:

1, creative background

Tolstoy thinks a lot about human nature in his novels, from which we can see the truest side of Tolstoy's spiritual world. Tolstoy's thinking on human nature was mainly inspired by Russian history and reality at that time.

Traditional Russia is a patriarchal society. Orthodoxy determines people's way of thinking and feelings. Tolstoy was deeply influenced by the Orthodox Church, whether his attitude was acceptance or reservation. On the other hand, the enlightenment spirit in Europe is also very profound. The influence of Russia has shaken the foundation of Russian traditional beliefs to a great extent, and the Enlightenment has also had a great influence on Tolstoy.

This made Tolstoy doubt the basic teachings of the Orthodox Church. He will not treat the question of faith as an ordinary believer. However, Tolstoy did not completely embark on the enlightenment position of European individualism. Therefore, his thoughts on human nature are often separated, sometimes like a believer and sometimes like a humanist.

Tolstoy's works have utopian thoughts, which are mainly reflected in opposing violence and slavery, private ownership of land, capitalist material civilization and advocating "evolution", demanding legal life obligations and reasonable life rules to restore health. In farm life, through everyone's labor and moral practice, we have established a "paradise" full of brotherhood, equality, harmony and friendship.

2. Artistic features

Tolstoy wrote a historical poetic novel. Historical facts are mixed with artistic fiction, bold brushwork and delicate description; Personal appearance is revealed in the huge group image, and the epic solemnity is interspersed with lyrical monologues, which are varied and spectacular.

He is good at manipulating the structure of many clues. He is inextricably linked and seamlessly connected. He can break through the flowery and lifeless "closed" form of novels.

Tolstoy's artistic charm lies not only in copying the macro world, but also in depicting the micro world. Grasp the dialectical development of the world soul in front of world literature and describe in detail the psychological process influenced by the outside world; Deepen people's subconscious and express it in a harmonious relationship with consciousness.

Tolstoy's artistic power is real, and he stands out in the role-shaping. To truly describe a character's inner versatility, richness and complexity, we should not only write a prominent side, but also dominate the mentality. Don't cover up the shortcomings of your beloved characters, and don't stifle the shining light in the exposed people's hearts.

In his later years, he tried to be concise in psychological analysis, not writing the whole process of feelings, but only writing the main links of each stage of psychological process; Sometimes it is expressed in a dramatic way through actions and dialogues. It is better to write about the decisive changes caused by unexpected accidents than to write about the sequential development of personality.

Structurally, flashback is often used to show the awakening of characters; In order to concentrate, the novel no longer uses multiple clues, but gradually develops with a single clue. In terms of language, we strive to be concise, easy to understand and close to folk stories.

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