Briefly introduce a nation! ! (one of 56 ethnic groups)

Korean people are mainly distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces. The rest are scattered in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Beijing, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Jinan, Xi and Wuhan. Among them, most residents of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in Jilin Province use Korean and Korean. Chinese is widely used by Koreans living in mixed areas. According to the statistics of the fifth national census in 2000, the Korean population is 1923842.

The ancestors of Korean people in China are Koreans who moved from the Korean Peninsula to the three northeastern provinces of China. After they settled down, they gradually developed into a nation in China. 1982 during the national census, it was found that some Korean ancestors in China had settled in the northeast as early as the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. For example, Han surnamed Park in Pujiagou Village, Gai County, Liaoning Province, has settled in the local area for more than 300 years. Since the middle of19th century, more and more Koreans have moved in from the Korean peninsula, which is the main source of Koreans in China. Due to the cruel exploitation and oppression of the feudal ruling class in Korea at that time, especially in 1869, the northern part of Korea suffered a great disaster. Some suffering Korean farmers crossed the Yalu River and Tumen River and came to China to reclaim land along the two rivers, where they lived with the Han and Manchu people. But at this time, the number of people moving in is not very large, most of them come in spring and go in autumn, and their residence is still unstable. With the intensification of Japanese imperialist aggression against Korea, a large number of residents moved to the northeast frontier of China in order to find a way out, regardless of the ban of the Qing government. According to statistics, in 1870, there were 28 Korean-inhabited towns on the north bank of Yalu River. In the seventh year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (188 1), there were more than 10000 Koreans in Yanbian area. From 65438 to 0883, there were more than 37000 Korean residents in Ji 'an, Linjiang and Xinbin counties. During the same period, a large number of Korean farmers moved into the areas along the Wusuli River.

19 In the 1950s and 1960s, the Qing government still adopted the policy of prohibiting North Korean farmers from entering the country. Later, the policy of recruiting people to fill the sea was changed. 188 1 year, set up famine relief bureau in Jilin and reclamation bureau in Nangang (Hunchun), Yanji and Donggou to recruit immigrants. All the recruits are from China. 1885, the Qing government designated the northern bank of Tumen River, which is about 700 miles long and 50 miles wide, as a special reclamation area for Korean farmers, so as to facilitate a large number of Korean farmers to move to the northeast.

19 10, Japanese imperialism annexed Korea, and the Korean people and some patriots moved to the northeast of China in large numbers, which reached more than 360,000 in 19 18.

The Korean people have a glorious revolutionary tradition. 1906 After Japanese imperialism invaded the Korean colony, the Korean people began anti-Japanese activities, from spontaneous to organized anti-Japanese activities emerged one after another. 1927 to 10, China's * * * production party organization was established in North Korea. Under the leadership of China's * * * Production Party, anti-Japanese guerrillas from North Korea and China were established in various places. In the second army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition, Koreans account for the vast majority, and Korean soldiers in the first and seventh armies also account for about half. 1in the autumn of 938, eight female guerrillas of Han nationality and Korean nationality shot the last bullet, smashed their weapons and jumped into Wushun River, a tributary of Mudanjiang, with a glorious sacrifice, and wrote the famous tragic anti-Japanese poem "Eight women jumped into the river". Tens of thousands of North Korean soldiers died in the anti-Japanese battlefield. During the War of Liberation, only 50,000 Koreans in Yanbian joined the army. After the outbreak of the Korean War, a large number of Korean youths responded to the call of "resisting US aggression and aiding Korea to protect their country and defend their country", participated in Chinese people's Volunteer Army, crossed the Yalu River and fought side by side with their compatriots in neighboring countries, making great contributions to the victory of the Korean War.

socioeconomics

The area inhabited by Koreans is one of the main forest areas in China, with fertile land and rich resources. Under Changbai Mountain, the Korean people opened up this rich territory. In the early days of land reclamation in the northeast frontier, the Korean people were short of food, so they used wild fruits and wild vegetables to satisfy their hunger. Living in a very humble thatched cottage; It's a wooden plow. It doesn't need to farm animals. It's cultivated by manpower. By 188 1, more than 5,300 hectares of land have been cultivated in Yanbian area. In 1884, more than 12000 hectares of land were reclaimed in Korean residential areas. For a long time, most of them are engaged in agricultural production, and some of them are engaged in forestry and sideline. During the period of 65438+70s, they successfully planted rice in Dadianzi, Tonghua County, Jilin Province, and then expanded rice in Linjiang, Huairen, Yingjing, Liuhe, Hailong and some areas in Yanbian. From 65438 to 0906, North Korean farmers dug canals in Dajiaodong, Yongzhi Township, Helong County, and diverted water for irrigation, which increased rice production. Since then, the rice fields in Yanbian area have increased year by year, becoming an important rice producing area in Northeast China. The rice processed with the rice here is white, shiny and nutritious, which is as famous as the "platform rice" in Beijing and Tianjin. However, a small number of Manchu-Han "mountain-occupying households" with special powers used various means to seize large areas of land developed by farmers with sweat, making farmers their own tenants or employees. At the same time, there are also a few landlords among the Korean people. By the late1940s, North Korea was in the stage of feudal landlord economy development and had some capitalist economic components. There are two lease relationships: "live rent" and "fixed rent". The "live rent" rate is 50%. In addition, there are all kinds of super-economic exploitation. During the Republic of China, there were more than 30 kinds of tax items collected by local governments in Yanbian area alone.

1945 after War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, the Korean region was liberated one after another, and the people's democratic regime under the leadership of the Communist Party of China was established. 1946 land reform. After the founding of New China, especially since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Chinese Production Party, the Korean people have undergone profound changes in all aspects and their lives have improved significantly.

Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture of Jilin Province was established on September 3rd, 1952. Changbai Korean Autonomous County of Jilin Province was founded in 1958. Korean people living in various places have also established dozens of ethnic townships.

In order to make full use of the above-ground and underground resources in the Korean-inhabited areas and develop the national economy, the industry, agriculture, transportation, post and telecommunications in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture are developing vigorously under the brilliant light of the party's ethnic policy. Yanbian Prefecture has industrial and mining enterprises such as steel, coal, electric power, machinery, non-ferrous metals, textiles, rubber, fertilizers, paper-making, printing, food, ceramics and pharmaceuticals. The industrial system has begun to take shape, and it has become one of the production bases of ethnic special products in China. The total industrial output value is increasing year by year. All-round development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and by-products production. Yanbian is the hometown of rice in the north of China, with excellent varieties and good climatic conditions. They actively introduce science and technology to increase rice production every year. The variety of fruits is complete, with the nationally famous apples and pears as the bulk. Flue-cured tobacco production is also considerable, which is one of the main flue-cured tobacco producing areas in China. Ginseng and pilose antler are also traditional products in this area, which have a long reputation. Yanbian Autonomous Prefecture has railways and highways extending in all directions, and there are trains connecting counties. With the further deepening of reform and opening up, Yanbian has benefited from its topography in opening up. Hunchun Special Economic Zone has been approved by the State Council. Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture has a strong economic growth momentum.

Culture and art

The Korean people have a long and beautiful tradition of national culture and art, especially good at singing and dancing, and like to express their feelings through singing and dancing after festivals or work. When there are happy events at home, they will sing and dance to form an interesting "family song and dance party". Kaye's piano performance, top water dance, fan dance, long drum dance and farmhouse dance are all very popular traditional song and dance programs. Korean dance is graceful and elegant, and its dance is gentle and pleasant, such as cranes spreading their wings and willow branches brushing water; Or vigorous and powerful, or lively and natural and unrestrained, reflecting the bright and enthusiastic, delicate and euphemistic, subtle and deep national character. Korean songs have the characteristics of smooth, smooth and clear melody. Famous songs include "Changbai Chorus" and "Daughter Solo". Well-known folk songs include "Orange Stalk Ballad", "Arirang" and "Nuoduo River". Everyone can sing.

Sports activities in Korea also have their own characteristics. Wrestling is their ancient sport and entertainment. Playing football is a popular sport for men. From village to village, there are usually their own football teams. Generally, students above the fourth grade of primary school organize to play football. There have been some women's football teams in recent years. During festivals and holidays, various sports competitions centered on football are often held. Due to the popularity of football, Yanbian has become a famous "hometown of football" in China. Swing and springboard are women's favorite entertainment and sports activities.

The Korean people attached great importance to education and established many schools as early as the early 1930s. There is a good tradition of "chewing bark rather than letting children go to school". After liberation, non-governmental organizations such as "parents' meeting" and "board of directors" were established in various places, and hundreds of primary and secondary schools were set up with self-raised funds and materials. As early as 1949, Yanbian University, the first comprehensive minority university in China, was founded in Yanji. Later, Yanbian Medical College, Yanbian Agricultural College, Yanbian Education School, a dozen secondary specialized schools and 1000 primary and secondary schools were successively established. Educational networks at all levels have been formed. All kinds of colleges and universities have trained generations of Korean high and middle-level intellectuals, all over the central government, provinces and Korean fronts. Various adult education schools have also been established in Yanbian area. Various scientific research groups such as agriculture, forestry, literature, history and teaching have made important contributions to the development of Yanbian.

Customs and religious beliefs

Korean marriage is monogamous. According to the traditional custom, close relatives, consanguinity and surname are not married. It is a common custom that "men are in charge of the outside and women are in charge of the inside". Father-son relationship is the foundation of all interpersonal relationships. Value father and love filial piety, and the eldest son supports his parents. Old people in society are respected, and people despise unfilial people and behaviors. Residents in most areas were buried, while those scattered in towns were cremated.

Koreans prefer plain white clothes. Women's clothes are short skirts and long skirts, which are called "Zegaoli" and "Chima". Men's clothes are short coats with waistcoats and wide trouser legs. I wore a robe tied with a cloth belt when I went out, and now I am wearing a uniform or a suit.

The staple food of Koreans is generally rice and millet, and Beijing kimchi (spicy kimchi) is an essential dish. I like to eat big cakes, cold noodles, miso soup, peppers and dog meat. Nowadays, many people learn the cooking skills of the Han nationality.

Most Korean villages are located on the flat land under the hillside. The buildings in the village face southeast, south and southwest. There are tile houses and straw houses, and the walls of the houses are painted white. Rooms are generally divided into bedrooms, guest rooms, kitchens and warehouses. There is a flat kang in the room. Take off your shoes and sit on the kang. In recent years, the furnishings at home have become more and more exquisite. Koreans are very polite and pay attention to hygiene, especially avoiding spitting. The house, tableware, clothes and quilts are all neat.

Korean festivals include Spring Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. Add soil to the tomb on Qingming Festival, weed in Mid-Autumn Festival, and pay homage to the old friends to show their mourning. In addition, there are three family festivals, namely, the first anniversary of the baby's birth, Jiahui Festival (60th birthday) and Wedding Festival (60th wedding anniversary). In the last two festivals, children, relatives, friends and neighbors all send birthday wishes to the elderly.

There are fewer Koreans who believe in religion. Some believers believe in Buddhism, while others believe in Christianity or Catholicism. Buddhism has a long history among Koreans, and some Buddhist etiquette and customs have already penetrated into Korean life and become national customs. But now Buddhism has little influence on Koreans. In recent years, influenced by South Korea, more and more Koreans believe in Christianity. However, the Korean people do not have a unified national religion.