How much do you know about the place names in Guizhou?

Place names are an important part of history and culture. Place names can often witness the history and culture of a region, including products, nationalities, landforms, historical evolution and so on. It can be said that place names are living fossils for studying regional history and culture. The place names in Guizhou have both generality and particularity. Guizhou is a member of the global family, and it has initially merged into the Han cultural circle in China, at least in China's Zhou Dynasty, and all ethnic groups in Guizhou belong to the Sino-Tibetan language family, so it has many cultural characteristics in common, so the naming of its place names also follows the general principles of place names. Guizhou is also a special place, where the Yelang culture created by Yelang people, an ancient indigenous people, continues to this day, and the descendants of Yelang people, the Gelao people, are still thriving in this land. Miao people, the descendants of the ancient Sanmiao, are also widely distributed in this land, and together with other ethnic groups, they have created the history of Guizhou. There have been many great ethnic migrations in Guizhou's history, the most influential of which are the three great migrations during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Hongwu of the Ming Dynasty, and at the beginning of the establishment of the People's Republic of China. In the early Han Dynasty, shortly after the envoy brought back the joke of "Yelang is arrogant" from Yelang, Emperor Wu sent troops to subdue the small countries in the southwest. Yelang was one of them. In order to consolidate the fruits of his victory, he established southwest counties, including Yelang County, and appointed local officials to manage the counties for a long time, and Han Dynasty troops were stationed in the southwest counties for a long time. As a result, the first great migration in Guizhou history was formed, and the oldest Wu and Chen surnames in Guizhou entered Guizhou at that time. During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, in order to stabilize the southwest, first sent troops to subdue the southwest. In order to stabilize the morale of the army, he also used compulsory means to transfer a large number of people from the mainland, mainly military families, various artists and businessmen, to move to Guizhou, and live together with the local garrison. According to the number of people and the different division of labor, they were named Tun, Fort, Camp and so on. At ordinary times, businessmen are businessmen, artists are entertainers, and when there is a war, everyone is a soldier. This is the "military camp". This great migration has formed the "pu" culture in Guizhou. In the early stage, the entry of soldiers was called "transferring the north to the south", and in the later stage, the immigration of non-soldiers was what people often said. It is also this great migration, which basically laid the national composition and cultural features of Guizhou. The third great migration is a large number of "southward cadres" and their families who have been living in social work for military and civilian reasons under the arrangement of the leadership of the CPC Central Committee after the founding of the People's Republic of China, and a large number of workers and their descendants who have entered Guizhou with the machine workshop. Their arrival has brought advanced customs and culture, and brought fresh blood to Guizhou's local culture once again. Guizhou has a karst landform represented by Zhijin Cave, Huangguoshu Waterfall, Fanjing Mountain, etc. It takes 32, years to form a soil with a thickness of one centimeter. Guizhou's ancient local culture, the (faulted) Central Plains culture in different periods and Guizhou's unique scenery and landforms brought about by previous ethnic migration make Guizhou's place names unique and colorful. It can be said that if we want to study the history of Guizhou, but not the place names of Guizhou, then the research is definitely not perfect. Let me briefly talk about the general situation of place names in Guizhou. Although it is not perfect, there will inevitably be mistakes, but I hope it can play a role in attracting jade. The first one is related to the ancient nationalities. In the history of the world, nations or surnames are often named after place names or country names, or named after nations or surnames. For example, Wu's surname comes from Ji's surname, and Ji's surname is named after Ji Shui. Another example is Wujiang, Jiangsu, which got its place name because of the surname Wu. Puding in Guizhou belongs to the ancient Yelang area, and the related place names are Yeshan and Langdai (Mountain). Some archaeologists think that they got the place name because of the country name, while others think that they got the country name because of the place name, and the two must be one of them. The ethnic group that established the ancient Yelang Kingdom is the Bu nationality, but in Puding, Guizhou, there are Bu Dui, Bu Lang, Bu Guo Chong, Pu She, Pu Ding, which are similar to the sound of Bu, and they are adjacent to the existing Pu 'an. Zhang Yingzhi, an archaeologist of the older generation in Guizhou, thinks that many place names in Guizhou that begin with the sound of "meng" are also related to Gu Yelang, and that "meng" is the sound transition of "mo" and "mo" is the sound transition of "pu". There are many place names similar to these sounds in all parts of Guizhou. For example, Huishui has "seventy-two models". It is said that there are seventy-two place names that start with "model", while Puding has names such as Mengjia, Mengzhou and Mengzuo. Gu Yelang's "Bu" clan was named "Pu" clan by the secretary of history, and the descendants of the Bu clan were "Liao". In Puding, there were names similar to "Liao", such as Nayongzhi, Nayougu, Naba, Nahei and Narui. The descendants of the "Liao" people are the present Gelao people. In the border area between Puding and Zhijin Peace Dam, there is a saying of "nine districts and eighteen places". There are eighteen place names that begin with "舵", and there are still some places that have survived to this day, such as 舵 舵 舵񑘕3333333333;33 The place names of sounds similar to the "sound" are Gawo, Gongda and so on. Another example is that most of the place names beginning with "Long" are villages where Buyi people gather-Long Ga, Long Hei, Long Jiao and so on. Second, it is related to war. There are many ethnic groups in Guizhou. In ancient times, wars often occurred between ethnic groups because of conflicts of interest, but decisive wars all happened with the Central Plains court, and all ended in failure. This aspect mainly occurred in the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty. Some people won after a bitter war, and some people were "peacefully liberated" because of the great army's siege of Enemy at the Gates. Anyway, the winner was a "teacher of benevolence and righteousness", so there were Qingzhen, Zhenning, Anshun, Xingyi and Dingnan. On the surface, every place name is beautiful, but it contains a bloody word, which can almost interpret the general situation of the Ming court's surrender to the place at the beginning. The third is the legacy of the Tunjun culture during the Hongwu period of Daming. During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, because the war in the Central Plains was coming to an end, the imperial court took out its military power to pacify the "southwest barbarians", so it "transferred the north to the south" and the war soon ended. However, according to historical experience, once the political situation in the Central Plains was unstable, various interest groups in the southwest were divided into one side, each claiming the title of king and not paying tribute to the Central Plains court. How to jump out of the strange circle of history has become a problem that the authorities must solve. The imperial court finally learned from the effective "military camp" in history, such as Yue Fei in Song Dynasty, which dealt with the northern Jin people. So the families of the generals, as well as various craftsmen and their families drawn in proportion, moved to the garrison places in Guizhou in batches to carry out military camps. Soldiers, craftsmen and their families are all organized by the army. At ordinary times, they do business on their own, and together with the war, it can be said that they are all at sea. The military deterrent and the softening power of advanced culture have made the culture of Guizhou have a great legal exhibition, and the productivity has been greatly improved. Facts have proved that the "military camp" strategy is very successful. According to the scale, level or nature of the garrison, it is divided into flag, chariot, fort, pan, camp, shop and whistle, leaving the names of "Nine Tun and Eighteen Fort", such as Datun, Xiaotun, Yuguantun, Zhangguantun, Mabao, Laotanbao, Zhangshaobao and Yuguanbao, and other names such as Songqi, Baiqi, Hongqi and Yunpan. Fourth, place names are related to local main features or markers. Such as Trident River, Shuang Shan, Fish Pond, Dashuijing Ancient Buildings, Grey Kiln, Caotang, Hebao Mountain, Broken Head Mountain, Pianpo and so on in Puding. Fifth, the combination of landforms and surnames, such as Wujiashanjiao, Zhangjiapingzhai, Xiajiagaopo and Meijiayuan Dam in Puding. When you look at a place name, you can not only understand its geographical environment, but also know the main families who live there, and often play a role in exploring the cultural background. However, sometimes the surnames given before the place names are inconsistent with the residents, which is often caused by the rise and fall of the family. Therefore, place names can sometimes provide evidence for studying the history of the rise and fall of some families. Sixth, place names are named after local specialties. Such as Huangguoshu, Masangzhai, Dayouzhai, Livestock Farm, and the big kiln, small kiln, Wagangzhai and so on, which are named after rich earthenware products. Seventh, place names are named after myths or legends. Fairy horse in Puding, because it is said that there were fairy horses in this place, left fairy horse holes, fairy horse wells and other place names. In Pudinghua, it is said that there was once a Taoist monk who sat down here and became immortal, taking the meaning of "the monk sat down and became immortal" and named it "the place of transformation". The eighth kind, Jiazi place name, is also called Zodiac place name. In ancient China, Jiazi was used to date the year, during which a small geographical circulation place was formed, so it was named after the zodiac or Jiazi. Because Jiazi matched the zodiac with a cycle of twelve days, Jiazi field was left, also called the Zodiac Field. It is called rat farm, cattle farm and horse farm in turn. . . . . . . , everywhere. Ninth, named after historical celebrities. For example, Guanling is also called Guansuoling. According to legend, Guansuo, the son of Guan Yu, a famous Shu state, was stationed here in the Three Kingdoms. Later generations named Guansuoling in memory of Guansuo and simplified it to Guanling. Ruofei Avenue in Anshun City is named in memory of Wang Ruofei, the historical hero of the * * * Party. Another example is Wang Erhe, Wang Wuzhai and so on. The tenth kind, named after faith or worship. In that history of China, all ethnic group and tribes have their own worship. Dogs, horses, wolves, rats, etc. were once worshippers. In primitive society, the Yu tribe was related to the Huangdi tribe by marriage. This tribe worshipped an animal called Yu, which is said to be the king of beasts, and named its own tribe Yu, and the people of this tribe were called You Yu. Then, many ancient place names in the Central Plains with the beginning of "Yu" were left behind. Such as Yu county, Yu city, Yu state and so on. And plants and natural objects are also worshipped. As the foundation of life, water has been the foundation of building a village since ancient times. Without water, a village cannot be built, and without water, a village cannot be built. The metropolises and ancient civilizations that disappeared in history are also related to the exhaustion of water. It is not surprising that water has become the worship of some ethnic groups or tribes. There are jellyfish, old jellyfish, new jellyfish and beautiful water waves in Puding, Guizhou, and water cities in neighboring counties. Eleventh, named after the establishment of the Republic of China. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, due to the establishment of factories, the stationing of troops, the development of industry and agriculture, etc., some place names were naturally left with historical imprint. Such as Hongqi Village, Hongqi New Village, People's Village, Jiefang Village, XX Farm, XX Power Plant, XX Park and so on. The twelfth kind is purely related to surnames. People in China have a tradition of living together, which often leads to the formation of unique villages with one family, one surname and one master first, such as Chenjiazhai, Dongjiazhuang and Huajiayuan in Puding, Guizhou. Thirteenth, the orientation is named. According to the philosophy of Yin and Yang, geomantic experts in China believe that the north of the water in Shan Zhinan is Yang, and the north of the mountain is Yin. Guiyang means "the sun of your mountain". Shuangyang in Anshun is just between Shannan and Shuibei, so it is Shuangyang. However, because of the small mountains and small waters, you can't see the taste of "Shuangyang". Fourteenth, the original name of the United States. The Chinese nation is a nation that loves beauty. Even if it lives in into the badlands, it will never forget to appreciate and create beauty. Place names are often endowed with beautiful connotations and beautiful words. Such as the Boyu River-the waves are like the jade river. Weaving gold-mountains and gullies interweave into gold. Polly-Water waves are beautiful. Fifteenth, naming cultural characteristics. China is a country of etiquette, and all the sages of past dynasties advocated "benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and faithfulness", so there are Zunyi, Xingyi, Tongren and Xingren. Benevolence and righteousness are the standards of moral behavior, which may also imply the taste of "teachers of benevolence and righteousness" There may be other naming methods, but the above naming method is the most basic. Some place names with less obvious semantics, such as Chuanjia and Yanlang, are often left for a certain ethnic group in history, and their meanings are hard to understand, but they basically follow the above naming principles. Place names can reflect their essential attributes in the natural or cultural environment, and the evolution of place names also reflects the changes of their essential attributes. Such as the evolution of some place names in Puding. 1. White Flag (Tunpu)-Red Flag (New China National Flag) 2. Sow Cave (Legend)-Maguan Underground Reservoir (Artificial Reservoir) 3. Taiping Fort (Tunpu)-Anshun Power Plant (Modern Power Plant) 4. Puding (Gu Yelang)-Daming Dingnan Station (Tunpu). The place names in Guizhou also follow these principles and have their own characteristics.

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