Debate presiding common sense

1. What should I pay attention to as a debate moderator?

Rhythm control, atmosphere adjustment, accurate expression, and decent humor. With the help of evaluation (1), there is a trick in martial arts novels called "leveraging strength", which means that people with deep internal skills can fight back with the strength of their opponents' attacks.

This method is also suitable for argument. Fang Zhengzhi was able to treat himself with examples of opposing sides because he had a series of theories that were not expressed orally and reinterpreted words as a strong backing.

(2) Replacing the defective part of the opponent's argument with favorable opinions or materials can often achieve the miraculous effect of "four or two". We call this technique "grafting"

The technique of replacing flowers with wood is a strong attack in argument theory, which requires debaters to be brave in making moves and fighting back, so it is also a kind of difficulty and high antagonism. Persuasive argument skills.

It is true that the actual scene is eloquent and changeable, and there are many "substitute flowers". It is necessary for the debater to accurately summarize or deduce the other party's views and our position at that time. (3) On the surface, agree with the other party's point of view, follow the other party's logic, and set some reasonable obstacles in the derivation according to your own needs, so that the other party's point of view cannot be established under additional conditions, or come to a conclusion that is completely opposite to the other party's point of view.

(4) Thoroughly cleaning up The so-called thorough cleaning up, in this article, metaphorically speaking, is to point out that the other party's argument is not closely related to or runs counter to the topic, fundamentally correct the foothold of the other party's argument, and bring it into our "sphere of influence" so that it can just serve our point of view. Compared with the method of "pushing the boat with the current" of forward reasoning, this skill is just the opposite of its thinking.

(5) Selective questioning is one of the offensive moves used by many debaters. Usually this kind of question is premeditated, which will make people fall into a "dilemma". No matter which choice the other party makes, it is not good for them.

A specific skill to deal with this kind of problem is to take out a preset option from the other party's multiple-choice questions for a powerful backchat, which will fundamentally defeat the other party's spirit. This technique is to solve the root of the problem. Of course, the actual situation on the debate field is very complicated. To turn passivity into initiative in debate, it is only one factor to master some anti-customer skills. On the other hand, it is necessary to improvise, which is quite in place, but there is no rule to follow.

(6) Go straight to the crux of the matter In debates, it is often the case that the two sides are entangled in trivial issues, examples or expressions, and they are arguing endlessly. As a result, it seemed that the debate was lively, but actually it deviated from the topic of Wan Li. This is a taboo in argument.

An important skill is to quickly identify the key issue in the opponent's argument after the first debate and the second debate, seize this issue and attack it to the end, so as to completely defeat the opponent in theory. For example, the key to the debate that "food and clothing is a necessary condition for talking about morality" is: Can we talk about morality without food and clothing? Only by always grasping this key issue in the debate can we give the other side a fatal blow.

In the debate, people often have the saying that "avoiding the truth is empty", and it is necessary to use this technique occasionally. For example, if the other party asks a question that we can't answer, if we don't know, we will not only lose points, but even make jokes.

In this case, we should tactfully avoid each other's problems and look for other weaknesses to attack. But in more cases, what we need is to "avoid the reality and be empty" and "avoid the importance and be light", that is, to be good at fighting hard on basic and key issues.

If the other party asks questions, we will immediately avoid them, which will inevitably leave a bad impression on the judges and the audience, thinking that we dare not face up to the other party's questions. In addition, if the attack on the basic arguments and concepts put forward by the other party fails, it is also a loss of points.

Being good at grasping the opponent's key points and attacking can win, which is an important skill in the debate. (7) Using Contradictions Because both sides of the debate are composed of four players, four players often have contradictions in the course of the debate. Even the same player may have conflicts in the free debate because of his fast speech.

Once this happens, we should seize it immediately and try our best to expand the contradiction between the other side so that it can't take care of itself and attack us. For example, in the debate with the Cambridge team, the Cambridge team's three arguments think that law is not morality, while the second argument thinks that law is basic morality.

These two views are obviously contradictory, and we took the opportunity to widen the gap between the two debaters of the other side and push the other side into a dilemma. For another example, the other side initially regarded "food and clothing" as the basic state of human existence, and later, under our fierce offensive, it talked about "hunger and cold". This is contradictory to the previous view. Our "spear belt, shield belt" made the other side speechless.

(8) "Draw the snake out of the hole" In the debate, there is often a deadlock: when the other side insists on its own argument, no matter how we attack it, when the other side only uses a few words to deal with it, if it still adopts the method of frontal attack, it will inevitably have little effect. In this case, it is necessary to adjust the means of attack as soon as possible, adopt a circuitous method, start with seemingly insignificant issues, and induce the other party to leave the position, thus hitting the other party and causing a sensational effect in the hearts of the judges and the audience.

(9) "Li Jiang" When we encounter some arguments that are difficult to demonstrate logically or theoretically, we have to adopt the method of "Li Jiang" and introduce new concepts to solve the difficulties. The significance of this tactic is to introduce a new concept to deal with the other side, so as to ensure that some key concepts in our argument are hidden behind and not directly attacked by the other side.

Debate is a very flexible process, in which some more important skills can be used. Experience tells us that only by combining knowledge accumulation with debate skills can we achieve better results in debate.

In daily life, we can see the following situations: when the fire brigade receives a call for help, it often answers it in a slow tone. This gentle tone is to stabilize the speaker's mood and let the other side explain the situation correctly.

2. Main draft of the debate

I. Opening remarks

President: Leaders and students, welcome back to the debate. We begin the second debate today. The second topic we are going to talk about today is: Is the doctor's medical skill or medical ethics important? Let me introduce the contestants who participated in the second debate: Founder: 1 Class 02 1 Class 1 Class 1 Class 2, Class 3 and Class 4. Their position is that "doctors' medical skills are more important than medical ethics"; The opposing side: From Class 2, Grade 02, the opposing side argued once, twice, three times and four times. Their position is that "doctors' medical ethics are more important than medical skills".

Second, declare the panel debate open:

(1) When the two sides argue, the active party will speak first, and their respective speaking time will not exceed 3 minutes;

President: Now I declare the second game officially started. First of all, the students on the active side of the debate state their positions and speak for three minutes (applause).

President: Thank you, students (for arguing), thank you! Let's ask the opposing students to state their views for 3 minutes.

(2) Attack and debate

Chairman: Thank you, students (against the argument)! The next step is to enter the offensive and defensive link. In this session, first of all, we ask any of the second, third and fourth debaters of the other side to answer the questions. Note: The time for asking questions is 1 minute and 30 seconds, and the time for answering questions is 2 minutes and 30 seconds. Ok, first of all, please ask students with positive opinions. (Applause)

President: OK, now please ask the opposing students to choose a debater from the second, third and fourth arguments to answer the question. Similarly, the question time is 1 minute 30 seconds, and the answer time is 2 minutes 30 seconds.

President: OK, let's invite three opposing students to choose a debater from the opposing side to answer questions. Question time 1 minute 30 seconds, answer time 2 minutes 30 seconds.

PRESIDENT: This is the last round of debate. Ask the opposing students to choose a debater from the second, third and fourth arguments to answer the questions. Similarly, the time for asking questions is 1 minute and 30 seconds, and the time for answering questions is 2 minutes and 30 seconds.

(3) Free debate stage:

PRESIDENT: Thank you (the last speaker)!

Ok, next, we will enter the most exciting stage of the debate-free debate. The cumulative time for both sides is 5 minutes, and both sides must speak alternately. When one party's time is over, the other party will continue to speak. Let's start on the positive side. Please.

(4) In the four arguments of both sides, the opposing side speaks first, and their respective speaking time does not exceed 4 minutes;

PRESIDENT: Time is up! Thank you two debaters! (Applause) Next, let's invite four opposing students to summarize their opposing views for four minutes.

Chairman: Thank you, students (four opposing arguments). Next, please ask the students of the four debates to make concluding remarks, and the time is also 4 minutes.

Chairman: Please ask the jury to grade these players.

While the judges are nervous about grading, we still have half-court defense. Please ask the students present to argue with both sides about the two questions, and the interviewee can freely decide to be answered by one or more players. Do not answer each question for more than 40 seconds. Go to the audience and let the students ask questions to the debater. There are four students asking questions. )

Three, the jury to review and award.

Four, during the ruling, the chairman presided over the audience to express their opinions on the debate.

PRESIDENT: Thank you for your wonderful answer! Now, this debate is coming to an end. Let's ask the teacher to express his views on our second debate today.

Verb (short for verb) evaluation begins.

1, the jury representative commented on the game.

The chairman announced the result of the competition.

PRESIDENT: Thank you! Before announcing the results, let me invite the jury to analyze the game tonight on behalf of the teacher. Please welcome! (Take the results of the competition)

Chairman: Thank you, teacher!

Now I announce the result of the competition: the best debater in this competition is a classmate. (Applause)

The winner of this competition is (applause)

At the same time, we thank the other students (losers) with applause! (Applause)

Conclusion of intransitive verbs:

President: The success of a debate is not only the embodiment of personal demeanor, but also a kind of team spirit and teamwork. What we compete in the competition is not only knowledge and wisdom, but more importantly, how we behave and how to cooperate well with others.

Now I'd like to announce the semi-final class:

3. Opening remarks, string words and concluding remarks of the host of the debate.

Moderator: Welcome to the XXX Debate Competition hosted by XXX. Today's debate is whether success requires diligence or opportunity.

On the surface, the debate seems to be an advanced intellectual game, but the knowledge and wisdom it evokes, especially the personality of debaters and the overall youthful charm, are not available in the debate itself. Of course, since it is a debate, there will always be winners, so the two teams sitting on the court today are "determined to win."

Now let me introduce both sides of today's debate. The one sitting on my right is XXX, so the one sitting on my left is XXX opposite. (Applause) Our jury today is composed of XXX. Let me introduce you. The n members are: XXX (applause)

Ladies and gentlemen, in (real life) and (debate), everyone will give different answers according to their own life experiences. I hope today's eight debaters can also put forward convincing arguments on this issue. As the affirmative, XXX's debate position is "AAA". As an opponent, XXX's debate position is: "BBB." The positions of both sides are decided by drawing lots.

First of all, we welcome a 3-minute debate on XXX.

4. What should the host of the debate be like and what should he say?

Speech by the Chairman of the 9th "XX Cup" Debate Competition (this speech is for reference only, and the Chairman can play it according to the specific situation of the venue). Please be quiet, our game will begin soon.

Before the competition, please turn your mobile communication tools, such as pagers, mobile phones and PHS, to vibrate or mute. Please cooperate with us to keep the stadium quiet and clean during the competition.

Thank you for your cooperation. Good evening, ladies and gentlemen! Welcome to the scene of the X "XX Cup" debate competition of XX University sponsored by XX University Student Union and co-organized by XX University Debate Association.

What will be held in this classroom is the first/second/semi-final/final, always the first. The two teams participating in this competition today are: Zheng Fang: college (department) team Zheng Fang coach: teacher/classmate, from 200-level professional opponent: college (department) team opposing coach: teacher/classmate, and eight players from 200-level major participating in today's final are: (each player gives 15 seconds to show himself), one is a parent: classmate, and two are 2000. Four majors are in Grade 200: one is from Grade 200 for Three Debates, the other is from Grade 200 for Classmates, and the other is from Grade 200 for Classmates. The judges of this competition are: College (Department) League/Deputy Secretary of Party Committee; Teachers College (Department) Corps/Deputy Secretary of Party Committee Teachers College (Department) Corps/Deputy Secretary of Party Committee Teachers College (Department) Corps/Deputy Secretary of Party Committee Teachers College (Department) Corps/Deputy Secretary of Party Committee as the commenting guests of this competition are: College (Department) Corps/Deputy Secretary of Party Committee teachers, ladies and gentlemen, now the debaters of both sides are ready and full of confidence. Today, it depends on the wisdom and eloquence of every debater.

Let's give them the warmest applause and encourage our team to participate in the competition with the best competitive state and the strongest fighting spirit. The debate in this competition is related to the topic: positive views, negative views: (briefly introduce the debate) ........................................................................................................................................

The first part of the game is the coach's statement. The coaches of both sides need to state the debate analysis, argumentation thinking, attack and defense strategy, the analysis of the other side and the corresponding countermeasures, and the other side needs to avoid the statement. First of all, please ask the positive coach to make a statement for 5 minutes, and the opposing coach and debater please leave.

Please ask our court staff to guide each other to avoid. ..... Please ask our stadium staff to guide the opposing coach and debater into the stadium.

Please invite the opposing coach to speak, and the time is also 5 minutes. Please avoid the opposing coach and debater. Please ask our stadium staff to guide the square to avoid it.

..... Please ask our stadium staff to guide the square coach and debater into the stadium. ..... debaters, please sit down.

First of all, for a positive debate, please take three minutes to explain the positive views. ..... thank you for your wonderful speech. Let's ask the opposing party to demonstrate and explain the opposing party's views. The time is also three minutes. Please.

..... Thank you for your speech. Let's enter the offensive and defensive link. First of all, please choose two or three arguments of your opponent to attack and demonstrate.

Questioners are only allowed to ask questions, and respondents are only allowed to answer. Each question should not exceed 10 second, and each answer should not exceed 30 seconds.

The total time is 2 minutes. Please.

..... thank you. Now, the opposing party will choose positive two-way argument or three-way argument to attack and demonstrate. ..... thank you. Next, the proponents will choose two or three arguments of their opponents to attack and debate.

..... thank you. Next, the other party will choose the positive dichotomy or the positive triad to attack and refute. ..... thank the debaters on both sides for their wonderful speeches. Now please make a summary of the attack and defense of the frontal debate 1 minute and 30 seconds.

Please welcome. ..... thank you. Now, please make an offensive and defensive summary. The time is also 1 minute and 30 seconds.

Please welcome. ..... Thanks to the wonderful statement of the opposing side, the next debate will enter the most wonderful free debate, each side will have 4 minutes, and the fourth debate will speak first.

..... Thank you, after the wonderful free debate of the eight debaters, please ask the audience friends to ask two questions to the pros and cons. The debaters can only answer the questions after the majority of the judges have passed. Each audience can only ask one question. Please indicate your department before asking questions. Please be concise when asking questions. In principle, it should not exceed 15 seconds.

Players have less than one minute to answer, and both sides must answer one question in four debates. If one person doesn't finish the answer, others can continue.

Now, please ask the audience friends to ask questions to the square players, please. ..... ask the judges to vote to decide whether the question is passed.

Ok, yes/sorry, no, please continue to ask questions. Thank you for your questions and affirmation of the players' answers. Let's ask our audience friends to ask the other contestants, please.

..... ask the judges to vote to decide whether the question is passed. Ok, yes/sorry, it didn't pass. Ask the other person to continue asking questions.

..... thanks to the audience for their questions and answers. Please ask the audience friends to ask the pros. ..... ask the judges to vote to decide whether the question is passed.

Ok, yes/sorry, it didn't pass. Ask the other person to continue asking questions. Thank you, please ask the audience questions to the other players, please.

..... ask the judges to vote to decide whether the question is passed. Ok, yes/sorry, it didn't pass. Ask the other person to continue asking questions.

Ask the other party to make a closing statement for three minutes. ..... Thanks for the wonderful presentation of the four opposing arguments. Next, please make a summary statement on the four opposing arguments, and please last for 3 minutes.

..... Thank you for your wonderful speech. Here, the game has come to an end.

Now, please ask the jury judge to step down for a while and make a verdict. ..... Now the audience friends can continue to ask questions.

..... Ladies and gentlemen, the jury has made its final assessment. According to the rules of the competition, before announcing the results, please invite our guests to judge: the teachers of the college (department) group/the deputy secretary of the Party Committee to comment on this debate tonight. Please come here.

..... Thank you for your wonderful comments. Now that the judging results have come out, I, Rong Qing, announce that the best debaters in this competition are: for/against one/two/three/four debaters. Let's congratulate him with the warmest applause.

Now I solemnly declare that after careful evaluation by the jury, the winner of this competition will be determined by the results of the competition.

5. For the opening remarks of the debate moderator, see Supplementary Urgent.

Dear leaders, distinguished guests, dear teachers and students:

Good evening, everyone!

Welcome to the scene of the debate competition X in XX school. I am the host of this game, XX.

After several tests in previous rounds, team XX and team XX stand out, so who is the winner today? Please enjoy today's wonderful game.

As we all know, now is an era of knowledge explosion, and all kinds of fresh knowledge emerge one after another, so how to acquire knowledge is the most reasonable? How to grasp in knowledge accumulation and knowledge innovation? Listen to the incisive exposition of the debaters on both sides today!

So first of all, let's meet the debaters who took part in the competition today. They are. .

The war of words is about to begin, let's enjoy this audio-visual feast together ~

6. Opening remarks by the moderator of the debate

The more the truth is argued, the clearer it becomes. Welcome to the debate. The theme of today's debate is. In this society ... (introduce the background), ... (introduce the debate)

We take whether traditional culture is a cultural burden as an example.

The essence of culture is development and inheritance. With the progress of society and the continuous development and progress of culture, it is development to constantly remove its dross and take its essence; Culture is also the accumulation of human experience in transforming the world, so it has inheritance. -So, as a part of culture, is traditional culture a burden or a treasure? Please welcome the debater ......................................................................................................................................................................... on the scene. Opponents think that …, opponents think that one …, two …, three …, four ….

The guest judges present today are ...

Introduce the competition process, and then start according to the process, paying attention to the reminder time.

After the conclusion, I would like to say thank you for the wonderful performance of the debaters on both sides, which brought us a wonderful audio-visual feast. Let's ask the judges to comment.

Then announce the results of the competition (if it cannot be announced in time, please indicate the announcement time)

As a moderator, the most important task is to maintain the debate order, attract the audience to watch the debate, and make language propaganda for the debate. At the same time, it has the relevant requirements of speech.