How long will the Three Gorges Dam last? If the Three Gorges Dam is demolished, what will be the impact?

The Three Gorges Dam is not only a miracle in the history of capital construction in China, but also a benchmark for water conservancy projects all over the world. However, it is such a water conservancy miracle that cost more than 200 billion yuan, but it has been misunderstood for many years. Some people say it is very harmful to the environment, while others say it is not strong, and it can only be used for 50 years at most.

So the Three Gorges Dam is really just a face-saving project as said on the Internet, and it won't take many years? How many years will the Three Gorges Dam last after its completion? What impact will it have if it is demolished?

Is the Three Gorges Dam a face-saving project?

First of all, let's take a look at what the Three Gorges Dam does and how influential it is. As mentioned earlier, the construction of the Three Gorges Dam in China has cost more than 200 billion RMB, so is it back to the original cost now? In fact, don't go back to basics. The Three Gorges Dam is simply a super money printing machine, saying that it generates electricity.

The total installed capacity of the Three Gorges Hydropower Station is 22.5 million kilowatts, ranking first in the world. According to the statistics of 20 17, its annual power generation reaches 98.8 billion kwh, setting a world record for the annual power generation of a single hydropower station, accounting for 14% of all hydropower generation in China. For more than a decade, the Three Gorges Dam has generated a profit of 300 billion RMB for China. And other added value is also very considerable.

In terms of shipping, the construction of the Three Gorges Project has fundamentally improved the shipping conditions of the Yangtze River, allowing cargo ships with a displacement of thousands of tons to pass through the Yangtze River, reducing the shipping costs of surrounding areas by about 35%, and providing more than 20 billion economic benefits for the shipping industry every year. In addition, the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River is one of the 30 best new tourist attractions in China, with an annual passenger flow of one million, which brings more than 50 billion income to local related industries and becomes the mainstay of local economic development.

Of course, the construction of the Three Gorges Dam will not only bring economic benefits. From the perspective of environmental protection, the clean energy of the Three Gorges is equivalent to the output of 40 million tons of coal-fired electricity every year, which will reduce the carbon dioxide emissions by 654.38+tons, the sulfur dioxide emissions by 2 million tons and the carbon monoxide emissions by 654.38+million tons. These tangible environmental protection achievements are enough for western countries that can only shout environmental protection slogans to study hard.

However, these are not the greatest achievements of the Three Gorges Dam. As the old saying goes, human life is greater than the sky, and the flood discharge and disaster reduction capacity of the Three Gorges Dam is the biggest highlight. We might as well compare how serious the flood problem in the Yangtze River was before the completion of the Three Gorges Dam.

193 1 year, 205 counties in the lower reaches were affected by the Yangtze River flood, about145,000 people died and 28 million people were homeless. 1954 flood destroyed 3 17000 mu of farmland and affected population 1888000. It took several years to fully recover after the disaster. 199 1 The flood affected 48 million people in Anhui Province and more than 42 million people in Jiangsu Province. A total of 7.3 million hectares of crops in the two provinces were destroyed, resulting in various direct economic losses of 9 billion yuan and 2 million victims being homeless.

1998 catastrophic flood, the affected land was 3180,000 mu, the affected population was 223 million, 4 150 people died, 6.85 million houses collapsed, and the direct economic loss reached16.6 billion yuan. It is hard to imagine how many people would have died in this flood if there were no heroic PLA and armed police soldiers who used their bodies to resist natural disasters.

After the completion of the Three Gorges Dam, everything has changed. In 20 12, the Yangtze River experienced super rainfall above 1998, but it did not cause much harm, just because of the Three Gorges, the patron saint of the Yangtze River. It is it that makes the floods in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River change from once in ten years to once in a hundred years. Anyone who sprays the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River should think about it. Before the Three Gorges Project was completed, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River were in fear during the rainy season. A project to make hundreds of millions of people live and work in peace and contentment. Is there anything more worthy of praise in this world?

How strong is the Three Gorges Dam?

I remember a few years ago, some famous people in Taiwan Province Province boasted that only a few missiles were needed to blow up the Three Gorges Dam, leaving hundreds of millions of people homeless. People who understand naturally understand that the Three Gorges Dam is a gravity dam, which can maintain structural stability by its own gravity, so it goes without saying that ordinary missiles will not completely collapse even if they are attacked by nuclear bombs. But we should also understand that any engineering construction will not exist forever, and everyone will think about its engineering quality and life. After all, it is really sad if the service life of such a big project is short. Then let's learn about the quality of the Three Gorges Project.

The total length of the Three Gorges Dam is 2,309 meters, and the amount of concrete alone is 28 million cubic meters. During the peak period of construction, 5 million cubic meters will be poured every year. However, the concrete pouring of the three dams is not as simple as building a building. In the process of concrete mixing, the temperature will be released continuously with the chemical reaction. Take the Hoover Dam in America as an example. The heat generated by pouring concrete can bake 500 thousand loaves of bread every day for three years. If there is no technology to adjust the temperature, then the concrete will have serious cracks because of the excessive temperature difference between inside and outside.

In order to solve this problem, the cement of the Three Gorges Dam not only uses cement with moderate heat and slight expansion rate, but also contains refined fly ash, which can replace part of cement and reduce the calorific value during cement hardening. Not only that, but also the cooling method of cement and ice was used during pouring. Of course, this is not to throw ice cubes into cement, but to make thin ice with a thickness of only 2 mm, so that it can be fully mixed with cement to complete pouring. To this end, China has also introduced the most advanced concrete pouring equipment-tower belt conveyor to strictly monitor the concrete temperature at the discharge port. But in winter, the hardening of concrete will make the temperature difference between inside and outside too large, so engineers thought of blowing "air conditioning" on concrete.

During concrete mixing construction, cold air will be delivered twice, once at -8 degree and once at-14 degree, so as to ensure sufficient heat dissipation of concrete. Of course, in addition, there are a series of spraying measures, water pipe cooling and other systems to work together to complete the main pouring of the Three Gorges Dam. It can be said that the construction technology of the Three Gorges Dam has reached the world leading level. However, even so, some hair-like cracks were found when the dam was accepted. However, this is normal. There are no dams in the world. When pouring, there can be no cracks and it can be as thin as hair. It is already the highest standard, and they will not have any impact on the structural stability of the dam.

But for the service life of dams, some experts say that the service life of concrete abroad can reach 100 years, while that of concrete in China is only 50 years. In addition, the Three Gorges Dam will naturally be damaged by corrosion if it is immersed in water for a long time. Therefore, the service life of the Three Gorges Dam is so long that it is only a matter of time before it is demolished. If that day really comes, what should we do?

What should I do when the Three Gorges Dam reaches its service life?

In fact, we can learn from plump dam's handling of this issue. Plump dam, located at the mouth of Fengman Gorge in Songhua River, Jilin Province, was built during the Japanese Puppet Period 1937. Like the Three Gorges Dam, it is a concrete gravity dam.

By 1988 and 5 1 year, the Fengman Reservoir has been aging obviously under the action of weathering and natural erosion. In particular, the phenomenon of dam surface spalling is serious, with the damage of the upstream surface reaching 1300 square meters, the damage of the downstream surface reaching 6 100 square meters and the damage depth reaching 100 to 400 mm.

It can be said that Fengman Reservoir has reached its use limit at this time, but by 20 18, Fengman Reservoir is still operating normally. This is because we use artificial reinforcement to extend its service life. This method is also applicable to the Three Gorges Dam. What's more, the construction standard of the Three Gorges Dam is much more advanced than that of that year, so the service life of the Three Gorges Dam will definitely be much longer than half a century.

Of course, maintenance and reinforcement only extend the time, and the main function is to leave enough time for the construction of the new dam. Plump dam decided to build a new dam on 20 12 at the downstream of the dam 120 meters to replace the old dam. This project was completed on 20 18, and the original old dam was demolished by blasting, leaving only part of the dam as a souvenir. So, we don't have to worry at all. During the reconstruction, the Three Gorges lost its flood discharge function.

As the saying goes, the old don't go, the new don't come. Although the Three Gorges Dam is a miracle of the world, it will still be unkind when it is time to demolish it. In the foreseeable future, the infrastructure level in China will definitely be much stronger than it is now, so the new dam will definitely bring us more surprises.

People who spread rumors about the Three Gorges Dam are either stupid or bad!

Finally, I spend some time on the internet to make some simple rumors. There are always people on the internet who associate the earthquake after the completion of the Three Gorges with the Three Gorges Dam. It is a fact that the Three Gorges reservoir is too heavy, which leads to the subsidence of the plate and the earthquake. This statement is simply nonsense.

There are reservoirs with larger capacity than the Three Gorges Dam in the world, such as the first Owen Reservoir in Uganda, which was built in 1954 and has a water output of 204.00 cubic kilometers. The maximum storage capacity of the Three Gorges is only 39.30 cubic kilometers, completely falling out of the top ten in the world. If the Three Gorges can sink the earth's crust, will these giant reservoirs built for decades in the world overturn the earth?

Earthquake disaster, or the disaster caused by orogeny, and only the movement of Himalayas can promote the crustal dislocation movement with the mass of 100 billion to100 billion tons per square kilometer. A Three Gorges with a total storage capacity of only 40 billion tons, at best, is to put a few kilograms of stones on a 100 ton mine car, which is completely impossible to have any impact.

In addition, on 20 19, someone used satellite photos of Google Maps to make a rumor that the Three Gorges Dam was seriously deformed. People who don't know the truth reprinted it crazily, causing heated discussion on the Internet. In fact, the bending phenomenon in the photo is just a bug fixed by the satellite of Google Maps when it produces shooting distortion for different terrain heights. So there was a serious deformation phenomenon of more than 8 meters in the photo.

The structure of the Three Gorges Dam is very solid. According to statistics, the horizontal displacement of the foundation of the Three Gorges Dam is only 0.24 mm to 4.63 mm. The cumulative displacement in the vertical direction is only between 1.45 ~ 26.96mm, which is a normal phenomenon after the completion of the gravity dam. When the dam settlement tends to be stable, there will be no obvious displacement before and after the impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam.

Of course, the most irritating and ridiculous thing is all kinds of articles touting Mr. Huang Wanli on the Internet. Anyone who thinks that the Three Gorges Dam will be blown up sooner or later will take out Mr. Huang Lao and blow it up. This professor Tsinghua University has been opposed to the Three Gorges Project all his life. Because he believes that after the impoundment of the Three Gorges, pebbles and part of suspended sand in the rivers coming down from Jinsha River and Sichuan Basin are deposited in Chongqing, forming underwater rockfill dams and blocking Chongqing Port, which will lead to serious floods in Sichuan and will cause unspeakable suffering.

The old gentleman is kind-hearted, but he never imagined that China would develop so rapidly. With the increasing demand for infrastructure construction in China, river sand has become a scarce resource. During the period from 20 1 1 to 20 13, the amount of sediment used was about1980,000 tons, and the amount of sediment transported by the Yangtze River was only 339 million. As a result, we now need more than ten suspended sands in the Yangtze River to maintain the high-speed construction of China.

This truth tells us that we should look at everything without the aura of celebrity effect. Only by objective and rational analysis can we see through the truth. I hope that the rumors surrounding the Three Gorges Dam will disappear one day.