Why does copying the Grand View Garden indicate the decline of Jiafu?

Copying the Grand View Garden is another climax in A Dream of Red Mansions. It is the result of the intensification of various contradictions in the Jia family, and it is also a sign that the Jia family has turned from prosperity to decline. A small embroidered spring bag is just the fuse that triggered this important event.

About "viewing the Grand View Garden"

( 1)

A Dream of Red Mansions is a great realistic classic of China. In the history of China literature, no novel can reflect the social life in feudal times as typical, concentrated and perfect as A Dream of Red Mansions. Because of this, people compare it to "the encyclopedia of feudal society".

The scope of A Dream of Red Mansions is mainly Jiafu, an aristocratic family and some related social life, which is so vivid, diverse and full of interest.

Objective reality is always full of contradictions and struggles. The old contradictions have been solved, and new contradictions have emerged. The river of life develops in the constant solution and emergence of contradictions and struggles. This feature of social life is perfectly reflected in A Dream of Red Mansions. Many daily lives written in A Dream of Red Mansions are also full of contradictions and struggles. The author follows the law of life itself to write how small events in daily life gradually brew into big events, how small contradictions aggregate into big contradictions, and then develop into the climax of contradictions and conflicts.

There are two climaxes of conflict in A Dream of Red Mansions, one is that Baoyu was beaten, and the other is that he copied the Grand View Garden. The climax of these two contradictions and conflicts is of unique significance in expressing the ideological content and artistic structure of the novel. It only says copying the Grand View Garden here.

(2)

The Grand View Garden was originally a family villa built by the Jia family to welcome the imperial concubine home to visit relatives. When Yuan Chun returned to the palace, he ordered his younger sister and younger brother Baoyu, who could write poems, to live in the palace for fear that his family would stop the garden and make it scarce. The Grand View Garden is a large noble garden. Fiona Fang has three and a half miles, including seven or eight scenic spots and a dozen pavilions. It is really "an inexhaustible peaceful scene, rich and romantic." Except Baoyu, all the people who live in the Grand View Garden are young women, including several noble ladies and more handmaids, so the Grand View Garden is called the country of daughters. Although this girl country is a relatively free world in the Jia family, it is not a paradise, and all kinds of contradictions and struggles existing in aristocratic families will inevitably be reflected here. The great uproar in the inspection of the Grand View Garden was caused by the internal contradictions between the officials of the Jia family. Mrs. Jia's servant girl picked up a "embroidered spring bag" behind a stone in the Grand View Garden, and Mrs. Xing took it. Mrs. Xing also sent a confidant to guard Wang Shan and gave the embroidered spring bag to his sister-in-law, Mrs. Wang, the head of the Jia family. Mrs. Wang regarded this as an adventure and burst into tears with fear. She immediately went to consult her niece Wang Xifeng. After some planning, Wang Xifeng led her, Zhou Ruijia and Wang Shanjia as assistants and raided the Grand View Garden overnight. As a result of the raid, a group of young female slaves were brutally persecuted. Some of them were driven away and some were persecuted to death, which caused extremely serious consequences, thus ending the free and happy life in the Grand View Garden.

"Embroidered Spring Capsule" was not a monster, but a token for young men and women to express their love at that time. Why can this small object cause an uproar and cause such serious consequences? This is really thought-provoking.

Jiafu, a noble family, is famous for its decadent life and moral corruption. Those boys and girls "drink today, watch flowers tomorrow, gamble everywhere and go whoring everywhere", as Liu Xianglian, Baoyu's best friend pointed out: "Except those two stone lions are clean, I'm afraid even cats and dogs are not clean." In such a filthy environment, the appearance of an "embroidered spring bag" is nothing at all, and it is not worth making a fuss about. However, the feudal ruling class has a set of living standards and moral standards to measure right and wrong. They take their lewdness and shamelessness for granted and can be allowed. "Ancestor" Jia Mu once said: "Everyone has been playing like this since childhood." It is human nature to say this is a normal thing; Young men and women who want to fall in love freely are regarded as shameful and "immoral" and will never be allowed. It is the same "ancestor" who once criticized those women who pursued love by refuting the book of talented people and beautiful women. "Only when I see a handsome boy, whether it's a friend or a relative, do I remember a lifelong event? Forget it, parents. Forget it. Ghosts are not ghosts, thieves are not thieves, then what is beauty? " It is in this environment and in this atmosphere that the appearance of "embroidered spring buns" has become a major event, which is simply regarded as a scourge.

Of course, Mrs. Wang was so nervous when she saw Embroidered Spring Capsule, which led to "more color change" and "tears like rain", and there were more profound and complicated reasons. First, they were afraid that outsiders would become a powerful handle for people to attack Jia's family, which made Jia's family infamous in the upper aristocratic society and had no place to stand. In this regard, Mrs. Wang made it very clear: "The little girls picked it up and went out to say that it was picked up in the garden. Do outsiders know this life and face? " But there is a more important reason than this. Although Mrs. Wang didn't say it clearly, she revealed it clearly in the artistic description of her works, that is, the conflict between the principals of the Jia family has long existed, and this conflict has reached a very sharp level. As Miss Tanchun said, "They are like black-eyed chickens. I hope you eat me and I will eat you. "

The "ancestor" Jia Mu had two sons: the eldest son Jia She and the second son Jia Zheng. According to the practice of feudal patriarchal clan system, it should be Jia She who holds the power of fu family for a long time, but this is not the case. Because Jia Mu prefers her second son, Jia Zheng, Fannie and Freddie are in power. Jia Zheng, a "gentleman", is mediocre and incompetent in handling family affairs, and the actual power falls on his wife, Mrs. Wang, and his niece, Wang Xifeng. Mrs. Wang and Wang Xifeng, two nephews, relied on the power of their parents and the support of their "ancestors" Jia Mu, so they were arrogant and fearless, and no one cared. The eldest son, Jia She, and his wife felt very deeply about their arrogance, and they were very jealous inside, and they broke out whenever they had the opportunity. This kind of dissatisfaction is sometimes even vented on the head of Jia Mu. At a Mid-Autumn Festival dinner in Jiafu, Jia She complained about Jia's partiality in the name of joking. Jia She and his wife found fault with Jia Zheng, Mrs. Wang and Wang Xifeng everywhere, making things difficult for them in every way. Jia Zheng's concubine, Aunt Zhao, and her son, Jia Huan, have always been despised by people in power, such as Mrs. Wang, but Jia She insists on praising Jia Huan's articles in front of everyone, saying that there is hereditary hope in the future, and so on. This is a deliberate opposition to Jia Zheng and Mrs. Wang. On the occasion of Grandmother Jia's birthday, Mrs. Xing found out a little thing, which made Xifeng feel ashamed and had to "go back to her room and cry bitterly". The existence and development of these conflicts will inevitably lead to the outbreak of greater contradictions. The appearance of "embroidered spring buns" gave Mrs. Xing a more powerful weapon. She was in a hurry to send someone to hand over the "embroidered spring buns" to Mrs. Wang. The meaning was very clear. She just said, "How do you take charge? What is the crime of such a shameful thing in the Grand View Garden where the young master and the young lady live? " Under the sudden attack of Mrs. Xing, how could Mrs. Wang not be shocked? Of course, Mrs. Wang will never give up. She must quickly find out how to get rid of this passive beating situation. So, I discussed it with Xifeng urgently and checked the Grand View Garden overnight. "It is best to take this opportunity. In the future, whoever is old or has difficulty in biting his teeth will be thrown out with the wrong person. " In this way, you can excuse yourself by sacrificing young female slaves and turn passivity into initiative.

This raid was fierce, and the first blow was aimed at the young handmaiden. Mrs. Xing's loyal slave and the wife of Wang Shanbao, a capable thug, want to kill two birds with one stone by copying the Grand View Garden beautifully. On the one hand, she wants to make a big fuss about it through surprise attack to show the ugliness of Mrs. Wang and others' heads; At the same time, I also want to take this opportunity to give those unruly maids a scare. So before the official inspection, she viciously attacked these young handmaids in front of Mrs. Wang, saying, "It seems that all these girls have been sealed off one by one, and they have all become good girls. Who dares to hum a word the next day! Otherwise, we will incite girls' maids to say that they bully girls. Who can afford it? "For Qingwen, a person with a strong rebellious character, Wang Shanbao's family hates it even more:" Nothing else, my wife doesn't know, Baoyu's family is a Qingwen, that girl ... dresses like a beautiful woman every day, and can get used to saying things in front of people, pinching her tip and hitting her hard; If you don't agree, you will speculate. She set up two coquettish eyes and cursed. Yao Yao, what a scandal! Mrs. Wang has a bad feeling about Qingwen. After listening to Wang Shanbao's exhortation, she added fuel to the fire and said, "I hate this kind of person the most in my life;" Besides, this kind of thing happened again. Good Baoyu, it would be great if this hoof was seduced! "So I immediately sent someone to find Qingwen to make all kinds of insults and reprimands.

The whole process of inspecting the Grand View Garden is the bloody suppression of young female slaves by feudal masters. A group of young, beautiful, smart and lively girls were driven away and forced to die. As soon as Miss Xichun saved some silver shovels, boots and socks for her brother, she was suspected to be stolen goods and drove out of the Grand View Garden. Si Er, Baoyu's girl, was kicked out of the garden to fix people at random because she was born on the same day as Baoyu in the same year and said such a joke that "husband and wife were born on the same day". These young actresses, Fang Guan, Ou Guan and Rui Guan, were branded as foxes by their masters just because they were lively and naive, forcing them to leave the Grand View Garden and finally become nuns. Qingwen and Si Qi are even worse. Qingwen was very ill and didn't touch her teeth for four or five days. Also pulled her down from the kang, out of the garden, and finally forced to die in injustice. Qi Qi was accused of "private credit" and "indecency" and was immediately expelled from the garden. When she left, she was not even allowed to say goodbye to her good sister. Finally, she had to hit a wall and die. Faced with the wanton persecution of feudal lords and their slaves, these young female slaves were not all obedient. Some of them resisted strongly, showing the unyielding will and awesome justice of the oppressed. Qingwen is the most prominent in this respect. When Wang Shanbao's family wanted to search Qingwen's box, she came in clutching her hair. "Open the box with a bang, grab the foundation with both hands, pour it into the ground and pour everything out." This made Wang Shanbao's family very embarrassed. She became angry from embarrassment and played Mrs. Wang's brand to suppress Qingwen, but Qingwen did not buy it. She immediately hit back at Wang Shanbao's family: "Do you think you are from your wife, or am I from the old lady?"! I have seen all the people on my wife's side, and I have never seen your grandmother so responsible! " (According to Cheng Yiben) gave her a punch! Si Qi is also an extraordinary little slave. In her opinion, falling in love with her cousin is completely aboveboard and there is nothing to hide. Therefore, when her masters accused her of various crimes, she "had no fear and shame" and showed unyielding righteousness.

(3)

In the climax of the conflict in the inspection of the Grand View Garden, all kinds of characters and their complex relationships have been deeply and meticulously revealed. With the author's pen, one character after another is clearly presented to the readers. Mrs. Wang's bossiness and malice; Wang Xifeng is smart and good at playing politics; Wang Shanbao's villain is successful, and the dog is arrogant; Qingwen is arrogant and despises evil; Tanchun's bravery and insight, bravery and timidity, self-protection and so on are all vividly written, giving an indelible impression.

The descriptions of Mrs. Wang, Wang Shanbao's wife and Qingwen have been introduced above, so I won't say much here. This paper only analyzes the images of Wang Xifeng and He Chun, from which we can see how the author grasped the important event of copying and inspecting the Grand View Garden to deeply reveal the characters' personalities and their relationships.

When Mrs. Wang received the "embroidered spring bag" from Mrs. Xing, she immediately concluded that it was left by Jia Lian and Wang Xifeng. Mrs. Wang's judgment is of course subjective, but she is convinced. She said to Wang Xifeng, "Do you think everyone in the family is old women except you little husband and wife? What's the use? Where do these girls come from? Naturally, even the second one has not grown into a dirty seed, come on! " Hearing this, Wang Xifeng felt very wronged, but as a junior, she could not defend herself in front of Mrs. Wang in a big way, nor could she simply deny it, because it would not help solve the problem. Therefore, she tactfully adopted the method of layer-by-layer analysis, and explained from five aspects that "Xiuchun Capsule" could never be hers and Jia Lian's. Wang Xifeng's explanation was reasonable, which made Mrs. Wang feel that the original judgment was really wrong. These places have fully demonstrated Wang Xifeng's shrewdness.

This shrewdness is also reflected in her understanding of the nature of the "Xiuchun Capsule" incident and her investigation of the Grand View Garden. Wang Xifeng knew very well that Mrs. Xing sent someone to send "embroidered spring buns" and Wang Shanbao volunteered to participate in the inspection of the Grand View Garden. Starting from her own interests, she certainly wants to find out the origin of "embroidered spring buns" in order to shirk her responsibility. At the same time, she didn't want to make a mountain out of a molehill and make public, so she advocated sending someone to make an unannounced visit. But later, because Wang Shanbao insisted on public inspection, Wang Xifeng was forced to give up the original plan for fear of offending her mother-in-law Mrs. Xing. It is precisely because of this situation that Wang Xifeng has always held a negative attitude towards this inspection. Although she is the leader of the inspection team, during the inspection, she deliberately let Wang Shanbao's family take the lead and gave her a rebuff. She deliberately fell behind. When Qingwen, Tanchun and Shishu clashed and scolded Wang Shan for protecting the family, she was happy in her heart, which was equivalent to giving her a bad breath. Finally, when it was found out that the "embroidered spring bag" was lost by Siqi, the granddaughter of Wang Shanbao's family, you saw how excited and active Wang Xifeng was! The moment she hoped to counter Mrs. Xing's attack finally came. She seized this opportunity, echoed Zhou Rui's family from afar, and made a mockery of Wang Shanbao's family. As a result, Wang Shanbao's family "only hated her guts" and had to slap her and scold her: "How did the old whore do evil? Talking about the mouth is in the eyes of the human eye. " Put on a wonderful farce. From what Wang Xifeng did, it can be seen that the sharp factional struggle between the Jia officials has been running through the process of copying and checking. Wang Xifeng not only showed rare shrewdness in his inspection, but also was good at playing politics. Miss Tanchun is a talented person. She has a clear understanding of the dark and decadent phenomena and intrigue in her family. She was very disgusted with copying the Grand View Garden and immediately took the initiative to meet it. When Wang Xifeng and Wang Shanbao entered her yard, she told the maids to open the door with candles and said to them, "Our maids are naturally thieves, and I am the first owner of this nest. In that case, you search my box first, and I'll hide everything they stole. " "My things, but you search; If you want to search my girl, you can't! I used to be more vicious than others. I know everything about girls. I put it here. They don't have a stitch. If you want to search, just search me. " Tan Chun is so tough, the purpose is to give those who make rounds some color to see see, let them know that in such a calligraphy family, such ugly rounds are not allowed. It is precisely because of this idea that she immediately made a sad comment: "We know that if such a big family is killed from the outside, it will not be killed for a while." This is what the ancients once said,' Hundred-legged worms die without being stiff'. You have to commit suicide from home to be completely defeated! " However, Wang Shanbao is a man with no idea. She mistakenly took everyone's fear of offending Tanchun as a sign of no expression of eyes and courage. Taking advantage of Mrs. Xing's confidant, she actually touched Tanchun, resulting in a slap in the face and a severe reprimand. From the above actions, we can clearly see that Tanchun is indeed an extraordinary woman with courage and insight. Under her influence, her maid is also very powerful, which reflects her style. It's really "like master, like servant". Wang Shanbao's family was badly hit. He complained, "I will go back to find my wife tomorrow, but I will still go back to my mother's house." Her maid Shi Shu immediately responded strongly: "If you really go back to my mother's house, it's our fate, but I'm afraid I can't bear to leave!" What sharp words!

In the process of visiting the Grand View Garden, Xichun and Tanchun formed a sharp contrast. She is timid and eccentric, afraid to tie herself down. On the contrary, Tanchun stood up to protect her servant girl, but she was heartless to her servant girl. She has served her since she was a child. Should have a good understanding and affection for her. However, when she was suspected of being stolen by others for collecting money and things stored by her brother, she not only did not come out to protect her, but also took the initiative to ask others to punish her. She said to Wang Xifeng, "I don't know yet. Great!" Sister-in-law, if you want to beat him, at least take him out to fight! ""Sister-in-law won't spare her this time. There are many people here. If you don't take one person to do it, what will the big one do when he hears it? Both Wang Xifeng and the You family said that it was nothing, and Chun still wanted to drive them out of the Grand View Garden, and said, "I don't care if I kill them and sell them." "。 "Cherish the performance of spring let us clearly see that her timidity has developed to the point of ruthlessness!

To sum up, the description of Chaojian Grand View Garden, in terms of ideological content, profoundly reflects the Jia family's sharp class contradictions and contradictions within the ruling class, and these two contradictions are often intertwined. The investigation of the Grand View Garden originated from the internal struggle between feudal lords and ended in the persecution of oppressed young female slaves. In artistic expression, copying the Grand View Garden has played a profound role in revealing a series of characters' personalities and their relationships, and promoted the in-depth development of the story.

A Dream of Red Mansions, the first of China's classical Four Great Classical Novels, is a novel written by Cao Xueqin in Qing Dynasty. In the early days, only the first 80 manuscripts were circulated, and the manuscripts were lost after 80. It used to be called the story of the stone. Cheng Weiyuan invited Gao E to coordinate the publication of 120 full edition [2], entitled A Dream of Red Mansions. There are also versions such as "Yu Jin Yuan" and "Zhi Yanzhai's Comment on Stone".

Cao Xueqin's Zhang Hui Novels in Qing Dynasty

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