What are the main features of China's surrounding environment? What are the unsafe factors?

It is very important to concentrate on developing the economy. It is prudent to predict the changes of the surrounding international environment for China to maintain regional peace in the coming period. In recent years, there have been some disturbing developments around China, such as Indian and Pakistani opposition to the development of nuclear weapons despite international public opinion; The United States continues to pursue the policy of military alliance in Asia, trying to establish a tmd system that may undermine the balance of regional military power; Asian countries have signs of an arms race; Separatism and international terrorism have brought serious challenges to some countries; Wait, while we are aware of these threats to peace and security, we should also observe the distribution of international power relations around us from a more comprehensive perspective, and observe whether the ways in which countries confirm and realize national interests have changed, so as to judge the surrounding environment in the next century. One of the new changes in the international environment is the formation of a multipolar power structure around China, which is not the product of the worldwide multipolar trend. It's just a regional structure. Due to the stagnation and low-speed development of Japan's economy, the gap between Japan and other Asian forces is narrowing. At the same time, Japan is more willing to play a role in the political and security fields. Russia's economy has stabilized after experiencing a serious recession. With Putin's election, its comprehensive strength has entered a recovery period. Although the integration process of ASEAN has been hit by the financial crisis, it has not been fundamentally hit. Economic, social and political cooperation among ASEAN countries is still strengthening and expanding. Due to the emergence of the new economy, India's economic situation has improved. Due to the possession of nuclear weapons, its military deterrence continues to increase. India's desire to play the role of a big country in Asia has obviously increased. China's comprehensive national strength has been continuously enhanced, and its position in regional international relations has been strengthened. The United States is the only superpower in the world, which supports its dominant position in Asia. But the United States is a non-Asian country, and its power is scattered all over the world. Its power distribution in Asia is limited by these two factors. The multi-level structure composed of China, Japan, the United States, Russia, ASEAN and India will be a relatively stable and balanced structure. In the foreseeable period, it is impossible for any pole to gain an advantage in this region alone. In the multipolar equilibrium structure, the change of alliance and the development towards polarization are the main reasons for instability. In the foreseeable future, the US-Japan alliance will remain stable, but its role will be restricted by the strategic relationship between China and Russia, and it will not be unconditionally supported by ASEAN and India. No interests will prompt India and ASEAN to abandon their long-term independent and neutral foreign policy and get involved in the confrontation between the United States and China and Russia. China is the fastest growing country in the region. China will continue to pursue an independent foreign policy of peace, and China will contribute to the stability of the multipolar pattern. The stability of this multipolar structure lies in that even the superpower America cannot change it. The distribution of American power in Asia can maintain this relatively stable structure, but if we want to change this structure and adopt a policy of "containment" against China, the cost will be unbearable and will far exceed its benefits. The United States will continue to seek "leadership" status in Asia, but if it wants to establish unipolar hegemony, it will inevitably be resisted by other forces jointly or separately. It should be pointed out that the stability of the multipolar balance of power around China will be influenced by the subregional power and power relations. For example, South Korea and North Korea are important forces for sub-regional balance in Northeast Asia; Pakistan and Thailand are important forces in South Asia and the Indian Ocean. Indonesia and Vietnam may play an important role in Southeast Asia. Kazakhstan and Afghanistan may play an important role in Central Asia. These forces not only play an important role in the sub-regional balance, but also pose complex constraints on China and other big countries, thus affecting the stability of the multi-polar structure in Asia. These situations show that the balance of power itself cannot prevent the occurrence of various unstable factors. Another new change in the international environment is that the international multilateral system will become an important way to maintain peace and stability in the surrounding areas. The existence of multipolar structure does not mean that the surrounding environment of China is safe. Hegemonic countries pursue unilateral economic and political interests, and the disorderly competition between the two poles will cause serious damage to the security around China. In addition, other disorderly factors may include territorial disputes and arms races in neighboring countries, as well as cross-border terrorism and separatist activities by non-state actors. It may also be that a large number of refugees have appeared in some countries because of poverty or other reasons. If these disorderly competitions cannot be stopped and controlled in time, peace and stability around China will be difficult to maintain. The economic interdependence of Asian countries is deepening, and two-thirds of the foreign trade of East Asian countries is completed within the region. This interest is the basic driving force for their cooperation in the next century. The technological revolution in the field of information and transportation is removing geographical barriers among Asian countries and providing them with the means to communicate with each other and strengthen their credibility. Asian countries also have a historical tradition of opposing foreign interference and maintaining independence. They cherish their own culture and values. This trend of cultural diversity is the basis of their mutual understanding and compromise. Therefore, after entering the 2 1 century, China and its neighboring countries will make greater efforts to seek cooperation and make use of international institutions (that is, various international organizations and institutions) to maintain a peaceful, stable and developing environment. In addition to the United Nations and its affiliated institutions, China and its neighboring countries also have some important international multilateral systems, such as Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, ASEAN Regional Forum, post-ASEAN ministerial meeting, ASEAN plus China, Japan and South Korea meeting, four-party talks on North Korea, the "Shanghai Five" mechanism, and Eurasian summit. These international multilateral systems contain different members, play different roles in different fields and have different priority issues. The decisions or understandings they produce have different binding forces, but their characteristics are: promoting relevant countries to understand their interests and benefiting from cooperation, mutual understanding and mutual accommodation. In the economic and social fields, these mechanisms are already playing a very positive role. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is promoting trade liberalization, which greatly strengthened economic cooperation among Asian countries in early May this year. At the meeting of finance ministers of ASEAN, China, Japan and South Korea held in Chiang Mai, Thailand, all parties unanimously agreed to establish an Asian currency protection mechanism to avoid another financial crisis that caused serious impact. This shows that the cooperation among Asian countries has expanded from the trade field to the financial and monetary fields. In terms of security, due to the joint efforts of Asian countries, the United Nations peacekeeping operation in Cambodia has achieved remarkable success. At the same time, some international multilateral systems have been strengthening mutual trust measures.