By the way, about the words "looks" in the official history: Gan Long, Liu Yong, Ji Yun and He Shen. And the characteristics and level of their "poetry" and "calligraphy"

Ji Xiaolan (1724 ~ 1805) was born in xian county, Zhili (now Cangxian, Hebei). According to historical records, he was humorous, resourceful and brilliant all his life, leaving many stories for later generations, and was praised as "a romantic genius" and "a master of humor". He was a famous scholar, poet, bibliographer and novelist in Qing Dynasty. Generally speaking, his life is quite different from the image in folklore and on the screen.

In popular folklore and TV series, the relationship between Ji Xiaolan and Gan Long is very harmonious, full of trust, ridicule and humor. This is a beautified description, which is not the case in history. In fact, Ji Xiaolan is just a literary poet. This should start with Ji Xiaolan's appearance.

In folklore, Ji Xiaolan's image is charming and handsome; On the screen, the image of Ji Xiaolan, which is basically monopolized by Zhang Guoli, is also reasonable. The real situation is completely different. According to historical records, Ji Xiaolan was "short-sighted". The so-called "sleep" is ugly; The so-called "myopia" means short-sightedness. In addition, Zhu Gui, who has been friends with Ji Xiaolan for decades, once wrote a poem describing Ji Xiaolan like this:

Hejian is a scholar who stutters and writes books.

Immersed in four warehouses, summarizing and recording ten thousand volumes.

So, Ji Xiaolan still stutters. Of course, because Ji Xiaolan was able to pass the imperial examinations at all levels, a voice examiner checked his appearance and speaking ability through dialogue and visual inspection, so as not to affect the "image" of courtiers in the court, and he could not be too ugly to see anyone. However, there is no doubt that Ji Xiaolan is ugly. Ugliness, shortsightedness and stuttering have become the important reasons why Ji Xiaolan can't really trust him because of his appearance.

We need to introduce some background knowledge here. The fate of Ji Xiaolan officialdom is in the hands of Qianlong. Qianlong is a famous "holy Lord" in the history of China and an emperor who grew up in a deep palace. He has many strange habits. For Ji Xiaolan, the most fatal point of Qianlong is the employment standard for the ministers close to him. He not only requires these people to be alert, agile, smart and capable, but also handsome, young and beautiful. For example, Xiao Shenyang, Wang Jie, Yu Minzhong, Gao Dong, Liang Guozhi and Fu Changan are among the best "handsome men", so they are highly valued. Needless to say, the beauty of Xiao Shenyang, even Fu Changan, can be prized in his later years, on the one hand, because he is dead set on following Xiao Shenyang instead of forming girlfriends, and on the other hand, because he is young and beautiful. Margaret, the British special envoy who has been to China, records in her works that Fu Changan is a typical noble, beautiful and energetic teenager.

Looks are predestined, there is no way to choose. Ji Xiaolan, who is ugly, happens to meet Qianlong again, so even if he is clever, it is difficult to get real attention, and it is difficult to participate in major political decisions, so he can only settle down in words. Ji Xiaolan can only be a ci minister of Qianlong, but it is difficult to be a favorite and important minister of Qianlong. Ji Xiaolan's two examiners, six examiners, and three officials of the Ministry of Rites in his life all reflected this opportunity. This kind of official position has no heavy power or real power, but the decoration of the Qing court. Even if Gan Long appoints him as the president of Douchayuan, he should be punished for his wrong judgment. However, Gan Long said: "The appointed Ji Xiaolan is a useless corrupt scholar. He just wants to make up the number. In addition, he is not familiar with the criminal's name and other things, and he is nearsighted ... his mistake can be forgiven. " Visible Ji Xiaolan's position in his mind.

In fact, appearance is only a superficial reason. There is a deeper reason for Ji Xiaolan's estrangement from Qianlong, that is, autocratic monarchs don't like intellectuals with a little personality and sense of justice in essence. On one occasion, Yin Zhuangtu, a bachelor of cabinet, pointed out Chen's dereliction of duty, saying that provincial governors were "notorious and bureaucratic management was lax." When I passed by the provinces and asked about the quality of officials, people frowned and sighed, and the atmosphere in the provinces was basically the same. "Because Gan Long was too old to listen to advice, the Minister of Military Affairs wanted to behead Yin Zhuang. Yin Zhuang-tu's father Yin Yu was a scholar in the same year. When Ji Xiaolan was going to intercede for Yin Zhuangtu, Gan Long flew into a rage and immediately scolded: "I am very good at your literature, so I just want to spread the best and save it. Why talk about state affairs! "Originally, the emperor asked Ji Xiaolan to compile" Sikuquanshu ",but he didn't really regard him as an independent etiquette, just regarded him as a player to amuse the emperor. In the first century BC, Sima Qian, a great historian, was put into prison because he said a few words for Li Ling, which provoked the wrath of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Sima Qian said from a bitter experience: "The ephemeris of literature and history is almost between divination and blessing, which strengthens the teasing of lords and the worship of superior livestock, and also lightens the folk customs. "1800 years have passed, but Ji Xiaolan is facing the same situation: it is difficult for an intellectual to have dignity in the face of autocratic imperial power. In the face of the accusation of Qianlong, Ji Xiaolan can only submit to humiliation. I don't think there will be such a scene in the TV series, right?

As Zhicheng Deng, an expert in Qing history, said, Qianlong judges a book by its cover, and Wenda (that is, Ji Xiaolan) is short-sighted and a native of Jiangbei, so he is not liked by Pure Emperor (that is, Qianlong). At that time, if Weng, Zhu, Wang Lanquan and Zou Yigui were all rejected as officials, their fates were quite similar. Emperor run allowed them to have wisdom and talent, and they led the governor. For example, Yu Wenxiang, Liang and Dong Wengong were all stored by jesters. "Judge a book by its cover is the sorrow of history.

As mentioned above, Ji Xiaolan's position in Qianlong's mind is nothing more than that. So, from Ji Xiaolan's point of view, how did he realize his situation? Ji Xiaolan worked as an editor in imperial academy, giving lectures every day, a servant of Zuo Shuzi, a servant of Zhan Shifu, a bachelor of cabinet, a prime minister, an assistant minister of the Ministry of War, an official of Zuodu imperial academy, an official of the Ministry of War, an official of the Ministry of Justice, and a co-organizer of university students, and was awarded the Forbidden City by Dr. Guang Lu, an official of the banquet and an official of the Wen Yuan Pavilion. It was only in the thirty-third year of Qianlong (1768) that he was involved in the salt policy deficit case because he tipped off his in-laws Lu Jian, and was sent to Urumqi, but only two years later he was recalled to Beijing to be an official. So in the eyes of ordinary people, Ji Xiaolan can also be regarded as a successful person. However, Ji Xiaolan, who stayed in the officialdom for a long time, didn't realize how much fun he had gained in his official career. His heart is full of lonely and sad sighs. This can be seen from several details in Ji Xiaolan's life.

Ji Xiaolan, who was afraid to write a book, wrote a lot in his life, including Sikuquanshu, Sikuquanshu General Catalogue, Record of Jehol and so on. And the Notes of Yuewei Caotang written in his personal capacity. But before Ji Xiaolan died, there was a saying that he had never written a book.

Some people say that Ji Xiaolan thinks that his works can't surpass the ancients, so he doesn't pay attention to writing and doesn't keep his works. Liu, his favorite pupil, said that his teacher is famous all over the world, and he often writes articles for people, but all of them are "easy to lose but not to save the manuscript". It turns out that Ji Xiaolan always thought that these words were just the dross of the ancients and had no printing value. Michael Chen, another student in Ji Xiaolan, also said that since the teacher presided over the compilation of Si Ku Quan Shu, he knew that everything was available after reading ancient and modern works. Later people could not find the scope of the ancients no matter how hard they tried, and those who claimed to be more than the ancients were just biting off more than they could chew. Therefore, Ji Xiaolan "never wrote a book in his life", and occasionally words such as preface and tablet table were immediately discarded and never saved. Michael Chen said with emotion, now some people occasionally write a little thing to show off everywhere, eager to show off. What a cheek!

Fan Jiang, a great scholar in the Qing Dynasty, said in the History of Sinology that Ji Xiaolan devoted his whole life to the book "Summary of Sikuquanshu" and liked to write novels about officials, so he was "lazy to write books", and his works in his youth were hidden at home and never circulated in the world.

According to Ji Xiaolan himself, it is slightly different from the above. In his later years, Ji Xiaolan once said, "I studied poetry in my early years, during which I was in high spirits and sang with the world, never wanting to lag behind. Now I am almost 80 years old, but I dare not say a word, and I dare not keep the manuscript I have written for a lifetime. " He said that this is because with the growth of experience, looking back at his proud works, most of them are what the ancients have said, and they have worked hard to write them, but they are just a bitter ear. Judging from Ji Xiaolan's words, he didn't "never write a book". In his early years, he dared to recite poems and write poems, but later he gradually got a deep understanding of his own world, and he was more and more afraid to write his own manuscripts and save them. It seems reluctant to say that I stopped writing because I was afraid of surpassing the ancients. There is also a great social and political background behind this reason, that is, during the Qianlong period, ideological control was strengthened and literary inquisitions were common.

The literary inquisition in Qing Dynasty was concentrated in the periods of Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong, and it was called the flourishing age. Among them, the famous ones are Zhuang's "Ming Shi" prison and "Nanshan Ji" prison in Kangxi period, and Justin prison and prison in Yongzheng period. Among them, the court's investigation is an unwarranted charge, and others are more or less because of verbal taboos. During the Qianlong period, the network was more dense, and most of them were made out of nothing, using topics to kill people. For example, there is a cabinet bachelor Hu Zhongzao in prison. Two of Hu Zhongzao's poems are sensitive to Qianlong. One sentence is "one heart is turbid and clear", which Qianlong thinks is deliberately adding turbid words to the title of Qing Dynasty, which is disrespectful; One sentence is "The old Buddha is not sick now, so he can't open the door when he hears it." Gan Long thought it was ironic that he couldn't open the door to talents. It is also because during his tenure as a political scholar in Guangxi, Hu Zhongzao once wrote an examination question "There are three stubborn things that are not like dragons", and Gan Long thought that dragons and dragons are homophonic, which is a topic that slandered him. Gan Long used these excuses to kill the algae in Hu Zhong. Most of the literary prisons during the Qianlong period were like this. As a poet in Qianlong period, Ji Xiaolan had a deep understanding of these literary problems.

At the same time, Ji Xiaolan and his colleagues suffered the embarrassment brought by writing because of compiling Sikuquanshu, and even their families were ruined. It is inevitable that there will be some mistakes in the middle of such a big cultural project. As long as we try our best, we will correct our mistakes and improve ourselves. It's a pity that Ji Xiaolan faced the autocratic and ambitious Emperor Qianlong, and a little flaw would lead to fatal disaster. In the process of compiling Sikuquanshu, the editor-in-chief, Liu He and the general school Lu were reprimanded many times and handed over to the Ministry for discussion, fines and compensation for mistakes. Finally, the editor-in-chief Lu died on the way to the northeast school book. Lu was dismissed because he could not afford the revision fees of the three Jiangnan schools, and he was unhappy, his family property was confiscated and his wife and children were separated. The personal experiences of colleagues and themselves will certainly bring Ji Xiaolan deeper feelings and make him truly aware of the dangerous environment he is in.

There is an anecdote about Ji Xiaolan in Clearing Banknotes, which is worth recalling. It is said that when Ji Xiaolan was an academician, one day, when he was drafting official documents, his literary thoughts dried up and he went out for a walk along the corridor. There was a veteran who was sleeping soundly and snoring on the porch. Ji Xiaolan woke the soldier and asked him how he slept. The veteran said it was good. Ji Xiaolan then showed him a book, but the veteran said he couldn't read. Ji Xiaolan said thoughtfully at this moment: "Literacy in life is the beginning of hardship. If you can't read, you are really happy. " This anecdote may not be true, but the mentality it reflects may not be far from the real Ji Xiaolan. At the age of 4, Ji Xiaolan became attached to the brush and inkstone, and then embarked on a literary career. However, he didn't expect that words would often kill people and embarrass him. It is understandable to have such a sigh. Let's look back at the phenomenon that he "cringed and didn't dare to say anything", doesn't it reflect his trembling feeling in front of the autocratic monarch?

Ji Xiaolan, a Taoist, has a unique self-name called "Taoist". In his later years, Ji Xiaolan liked playing Go very much. While playing chess, he also learned about officialdom, the world and people's hearts. In the fifty-first year of Qianlong (1786), I asked my friend Shen Yunpu to draw a child's voice Guan Yi and wrote a poem by himself:

Constantly jingling, Wen (qiū) wins or loses all day.

The Taoist priest sat in the shade of tung trees and watched, smiling at the cool breeze.

he xian gu

Here, he compares himself to "a Taoist priest watching the war" and watches the world change. Seven years later, he checked the "Tongyin Guan Yi Map" again and sighed again. He believes that when people were invited to watch the game, it was just that the Taoist priest (that is, Ji Xiaolan himself) did not personally participate in the victory or defeat, but he still had a winning heart in his heart. Now it seems that even this winning heart is an illusion. This mentality is exposed in another poem related to chess. This poem is about the Eight Immortals. In the picture, the Eight Immortals have their own modes: He Xiangu and Han Xiangzi are playing games, while the other five immortals are watching, while Tie Guai Li is sleeping alone. Ji Xiaolan wrote:

It is a popular feeling that the two men met mahjong at close range outside thoughtfully.

The stubborn fairy seems unconscious, and the butterfly sleeps in the spring breeze.

han xiang zi

"Stubborn Immortal" refers to both Tie Guai Li and Ji Xiaolan. Butterfly in the Spring Wind, borrowed from Zhuangzi's story, turned into a butterfly, which is a metaphor for freedom and has no heart to win or lose in the world. Ji Xiaolan expressed his detached attitude here, which can be said to have seen through the world of mortals. However, he has been in the Qianlong officialdom for half a century, and it is not so easy to be detached.

When Ji Xiaolan was 69 years old, he was chatting with his colleagues one day. He said: "In the past, Tao Yuanming wrote his own elegy, and today I write my own elegy. I hope everyone can hold me with it after I die. " This self-elegy is as follows:

The official sea rises and falls like a gull, and the book of life and death is like a squid.

The first sentence of elegiac couplet is about the ups and downs of officialdom, just like seagulls, depicting the hardships of official career. The second sentence is that he is immersed in the book, just like a mullet who lives and dies in the book, expressing his lament for his fate. From this elegy, we can see that Ji Xiaolan is tired of officialdom, which also includes Ji Xiaolan's understanding of his own life.

As can be seen from the above details, Ji Xiaolan is unlikely to be a grand minister. At best, he is just a literary minister raised by the emperor.

Relationship with small Shenyang

In TV series, the relationship between Ji Xiaolan and Xiao Shenyang is often incompatible. There are also many folklores about how Ji Xiaolan played tricks on small Shenyang. The Grand View of unofficial history in Qing Dynasty records that Xiao Shenyang needed a pavilion to build a pavilion in the Prime Minister's House, so he asked Ji Xiaolan for an inscription. Therefore, Ji Xiaolan readily agreed to write the inscription with the Chinese character "Bamboo Bud". This word comes from the sentence "Like a bamboo bud, like a pine tree" in the Book of Songs Xiaoya Sigan. People often celebrate the completion of houses and the prosperity of families in China with "bamboo shoots and pine trees". Little Shenyang was very happy to get Ji Xiaolan's inscription, so he hung it high on the book stand. Occasionally, Gan Long came to Xiao Shenyang. When he saw Ji Xiaolan's inscription, he immediately knew that Ji Xiaolan was playing a trick on Xiao Shenyang. He smiled and said to Xiao Shenyang, "Ji Xiaolan is calling your family' all idiots'." As a result, Ji Xiaolan was hated by Xiao Shenyang, who spoke ill of him several times and participated in Ji Xiaolan.

In fact, this kind of thing is impossible. We can only look at it from one aspect. In the late Qianlong period, Cao Xibao, Ji Xiaolan's good friend and suggestion, wanted to impeach Xiao Shenyang. Although Ji Xiaolan was very worried about his friends, he only gave him the poem "Crab Songs" by poets:

Clear water, avoid double black, autumn old man can't escape a red back.

I'm afraid it's premature to impeach Xiao Shenyang now. However, Cao Xibao didn't listen to Ji Xiaolan's warning and decided to write to Xiao Shenyang. As a result, Qianlong was furious and wanted to punish Cao Xibao. At this time, Ji Xiaolan no longer tried his best to help his friends like the last time he saved Lu Jianzeng, but tried his best to express his confession in front of Ganlong, claiming that he had no knowledge. As a result, because he is too explicit, Gan Long thinks that Ji Xiaolan is behind the scenes. Visible, how can Ji Xiaolan set himself up as the opposite of small Shenyang?

According to historical records, Xiao Shenyang sang with literary celebrities after he made his fortune. Sometimes he privately asked Ji Xiaolan and Peng Yuanduan to polish his works. And Ji and Peng's strength, if they don't follow, he can't afford to wear little shoes, and he often has to get a knife. Of course, it's just a touch-up on the text. Ji Xiaolan doesn't want to rely on small Shenyang to seek high position. According to North Korea's special envoy Xu Youwen, Shenyang has been dictatorial for decades, and all officials inside and outside have taken refuge except Liu Yong, Ji Xiaolan and Zhu Gui. It seems that in the sinister political environment at that time, all Ji Xiaolan could do was try his best not to go along with the small Shenyang.

In his later years, Ji Xiaolan often used Yi Dao as a metaphor to express his thoughts. For example, the poem "Eight Immortals Map" quoted in the previous article expresses his detached attitude. In fact, this is a very sophisticated attitude, which is also the experience that Ji Xiaolan has accumulated from officialdom for many years. Ji Xiaolan has been in the officialdom for a long time, and his position is not low. He can make ends meet in officialdom, and there must be his way to be an official. This way of being an official is to avoid offending each other and try to remain neutral. However, he followed Qianlong for a long time, traveled around the mountains, recited poems against him, and made many flattering works, which shows that he is a man. Judging from Ji Xiaolan's personality, he will not have a face-to-face conflict with Xiao Shenyang. Those scenes in TV series will never appear.

In the 10th year of Jiaqing (1805), Ji Xiaolan died of old age in Beijing at the age of 82. Before he died, he wrote down his elegy: "The official sea rises and falls like a gull, and the book of life and death is like a squid." It is such a "sophisticated old man". How could he be willing to confront Shenyang, which is in power?

The star of ordinary people

Because Ji Xiaolan is only a literary poet in Qianlong, not a fighter who is in tit-for-tat with Xiao Shenyang, he is very popular among the general public and seems to be the star of the general public. Why? There are countless folklore about Ji Xiaolan, which is probably a rare treatment for China literati. Think about it carefully, I'm afraid it has something to do with the following reasons.

First of all, Ji Xiaolan has a real temperament of humor. In the notes of the Qing Dynasty, Ji Xiaolan was most mentioned by Ji Xiaolan's humor. For example, Niu Yingzhi's Interpretation of Rain Window said: "Ji Wenda is a public official and likes humor. Many courtiers are humiliated." Qian Yong also said in "Garden Collection": "Everyone knows xian county's good banter." If Ji Xiaolan is humorous, it may not be wrong. But humor alone is not enough to cheer everyone up. Ji Xiaolan's humor and his true nature. Among the humorous stories about Ji Xiaolan handed down, there are two points that can best reflect the true colors of Ji Xiaolan. That's why Ji Xiaolan dares to play small jokes on powerful people. He can also tell dirty jokes.

For example, he dared to call Gan Long an "old man" and used the topic pavilion to ridicule the small Shenyang family. Although these stories are not necessarily true, they should reflect Ji Xiaolan's humorous style in the face of powerful people to some extent. Ji Xiaolan still dares to play jokes on eunuchs that scholars generally dare not make. When I went to North Korea, one day, a eunuch wanted to hear Ji Xiaolan tell jokes. Ji Xiaolan pretended to meditate for a long time and said, "Once upon a time there was a eunuch …" After a while, he stopped talking. After waiting for a long time, the eunuch asked, "What's going on down there?" Ji Xiaolan replied, "There is nothing down there." The audience was completely disappointed. For such ridicule, the parties are not good at expressing anything, and it is not convenient for revenge. This may be the reason why Ji Xiaolan used humor to express his temperament.

Ji Xiaolan also tells jokes from time to time, which shows his temperament. Once, a friend named Ping became the groom's groom and sent a congratulatory poem "Poetic Rhyme". People are very surprised at the mystery of this gift. Pingmou thought for several days before he realized that he had played a joke on himself with the four tones of "Ping, Shang, Qu and Ru". This kind of dirty joke has always been loved by the masses, and it is difficult to spread it all over the world. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, about half of a very popular joke collection, Laughter in the Woods, was related to sex.

Second, Ji Xiaolan is good at couplets. Couplets, commonly known as "couplets", are the most basic courses for literati to receive education and enlightenment from childhood, and are also widely circulated entertainment activities among the people, which are deeply loved by the people. Ji Xiaolan is witty and uninhibited, especially good at couplets, and often makes witty remarks. For example, he wrote a couplet for a poor blacksmith:

Ji Xiaolan, etc., "Summary of Four Ku Encyclopedias".

Three ramshackle houses, a grumpy man.

Another example is the couplet he wrote for the barber:

Although unscathed, it is a top effort.

A few numbers, exquisite ecstasy, can be called absolute.

On one occasion, Ji Xiaolan entered the south study. An old eunuch had long heard of Ji Xiaolan's name and came to see his elegant demeanor, only to find that he was wearing a fur robe and holding a folding fan according to the habits of literati at that time. The eunuch then asked:

Little Hanlin, wearing winter clothes and holding a summer fan, have you read books in the Spring and Autumn Period?

This couplet is cleverly embedded in the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter, and implies a satire on Ji Xiaolan's dress, which is difficult to answer. Unexpectedly, Ji Xiaolan easily responded:

The old manager who was born in the south came to the north. Is that thing still there?

It was quickly passed down as a joke.

It should be true that Ji Xiaolan is good at couplets. Ji Xiaolan's talent was also circulated for a long time in the officialdom at that time.

Ji Xiaolan first caught the attention of Qianlong, who created a lantern riddle. One year during the Lantern Festival, Qianlong ordered ministers and workers to input riddles and hang them in the Forbidden City. Ji Xiaolan's lantern riddle is a riddle couplet, indicating that the upper and lower couplets each guess a word:

Black is not, white is not, red and yellow is not; Foxes, wolves, cats and dogs seem to be neither domestic animals nor wild animals.

There are poems, words and Analects of Confucius. Blurred to the east, west, north and south, although it is a short product, it is also a wonderful article.

Gan Long couldn't guess the answer. When he found out that Ji Xiaolan had written the question, he asked him to answer it. As a result, it was greatly appreciated that his answer was a riddle of Chinese characters, that is, the word "guess". Ji Xiaolan architect Liu Tongxun and others also took this opportunity to praise Ji Xiaolan as Emperor Qianlong. Since then, Ji Xiaolan has become more famous.

In the 25th year of Qianlong (1760), Qianlong celebrated his 50th birthday, and hundreds of officials from civil and military departments wrote poems in succession, which was nothing but endless. And Ji Xiaolan's couplets are unique:

The map of the empire of 40,000 Li has not been unified since Igu;

Fifty years of sacred life, 9,950 years from now.

After the Qing dynasty unified the whole country, the upper part refers to the green ridge in the west, the sea in the east, Xing 'anling in the north and the South China Sea in the south, which is unprecedented in history. The bottom line is that 50th birthday plus 9950 years old is exactly the same as long live. I wish you a long life. Qianlong was overjoyed when he saw this couplet, and immediately made a decree to make Ji Xiaolan a first-class Beijing inspector. He was registered as a Taoist official.

In October of the 27th year of Qianlong (1762), 39-year-old Ji Xiaolan went out to study in Fujian for politics. Reading thousands of books and taking Wan Li Road is undoubtedly the turning point of Hanlin's career. Ji Xiaolan, go to heaven. Boarding the bus, he took a boat to Jinan and walked south along the canal. The mountains and rivers are beautiful all the way, and he keeps writing and reciting poems. Later, he also published a collection of essays entitled "Southbound Miscellanies".

Legend has it that Ji Xiaolan met an old man who also went south by boat and gave him a note: "I think you must be a scribe and have a couplet. If you succeed, our ship will stay away from you. If you can't get out, you have to be wronged behind the house. " The first part of the old man is:

The two boats are parallel, and rowing is not as fast as sailing.

This is a semantic double association. "Sculling speed" refers to Lu Su, a famous civil servant in the Three Kingdoms, and "Sailing fast" refers to Fan Kuai, a famous warrior in the Western Han Dynasty. He has a single hand in writing and martial arts, which just constitutes a double meaning. On the surface, it means that rowing is not as good as sailing, and the implication is that writing is not as good as martial arts. Ji Xiaolan knew that this pair of couplets was difficult to match, and he couldn't help thinking hard. As a result, he let the old man sail away. After he arrived in Fuzhou, he presided over the college entrance examination and the music roared. Ji Xiaolan touched the scene and came up with the bottom allied:

Eight tones are played together, and the flute is clearer than the flute.

"Di Qing" refers to Di Qing, a famous soldier in the Northern Song Dynasty, and "Xiao He" refers to Xiao He, the prime minister of the Western Han Dynasty. It's also a pun. Writing is better than martial arts, and it's perfect.

The story of Ji Xiaolan Duality, which has spread all over the world, is true or false. For example, there is a story that Ji Xiaolan once went south with Qianlong and passed the gravel beach of the Yellow River. Gan Long made a couplet: "Stone slag is thin and hard." Ji Xiaolan casually replied: "The Yellow River is rolling cold." It is good that the upper and lower sentences of couplets reflect a relationship of unity of opposites. But in fact, after six expeditions, Ji Xiaolan didn't have a follower. However, Ji Xiaolan is good at telling the truth, and these stories that are difficult to distinguish between true and false make Ji Xiaolan's name spread more widely.

Thirdly, Ji Xiaolan has friends all over the stadium and students all over the world. In his early years, Ji Xiaolan and a group of like-minded scholars formed a literary club, which met once every two months to talk about the past and discuss the present. And his brothers Ji and Qian Daxin, who later became famous scholars. Even Liu Yong, a senior scholar, has been promoted from imperial academy editor to deputy, and joined in. After a period of running-in, Ji Xiaolan and Liu Yong were both promoted to the leadership of the literary society. Because of his outstanding literary talent and modest personality, Ji Xiaolan soon had a group of like-minded friends in the imperial court.

Ji Xiaolan has served as an examiner for many times. He has served as the examiner in Shanxi Province, Renwu Province, Fujian Province, Hebei Province, Jiaqing, Wuwu and Ren Xu. It is precisely because he often serves as an examiner that there are many students.

With more friends and students, Ji Xiaolan's name may often appear in their oral works. With the passage of time, how could Ji Xiaolan's fame not spread?

Fourth, it is related to two famous books. The first is the cultural project of the Qing Dynasty-Sikuquanshu. Ji Xiaolan is the editor-in-chief of this book. Ji Xiaolan also took this opportunity to delete an important bibliography masterpiece: The Catalogue of Sikuquanshu. This book is also famous in academic circles. The second book is Ji Xiaolan's own notes about Yuewei Caotang. This note was widely circulated and highly appreciated by future generations. Lu Xun thinks that this book "measuring the realm of ghosts and gods makes people feel very little" is both interesting and insightful, and its "narrative is elegant and interesting,

Therefore, no one can sit in its seat in the future. Lu Xun praised Ji Xiaolan as "a man of great courage" in the society at that time. Sun Li, a novelist, thinks that this note occupies an incomparable position in the history of China literature. "This is the same as Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. ".These two books will be remembered by future generations, and its editor Ji Xiaolan will naturally become famous.

After Ji Xiaolan's death, posthumous title became a writer, which highly affirmed his literary talent. Fan Jiang said in the History of Sinology that he was a well-educated Confucian. "He is frank and funny, and people call him Chen Ya. However, suddenly hearing his words is close to humor, and thinking about it is also a famous saying. " In other words, Ji Xiaolan is not only knowledgeable, but also a man of temperament, and his humor is reasonable. It should be said that this evaluation is basically in line with reality.

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In the Qing Dynasty in China, there was a man who was dazzled by the official history and unofficial history. He not only occupies the scenery in the orthodox historical biography, but also has a good reputation among the people.

This man is Ji Xiaolan, who was an academic genius during the Qianlong period and later became a scholar.

Real name Yun, real name Xiaolan, real name Chunfan, alias Tea Star, owner of 36 pavilions, Taoist, old man Gu. Zhili Hejian Prefecture xian county (now Cangxian County, Hebei Province) people. Qianlong Shuntian's first act, JOE scholar changed to Jishi Shu, the academician courtyard, and granted editorial affairs. He served as the permanent representative of Japanese officials, the servant of Zuo Shu's son, and a bachelor's student. Later, because of the involvement of children's parents-in-law, the salt transportation of Huai River and Huai River made Lu Jianzeng (word Lian Yuan, word Sun, number, Dao Yue). In the third year, she was recalled by grace and resumed editing. Since then, his career has been smooth sailing, and he has served as a lecturer in Japan, a lecturer in Zhan Shifu, a bachelor of cabinet, and a prime minister of Chinese Department. Successive assistant minister of the Ministry of War, Shi Yu, the left capital of Douchayuan, the minister of the Ministry of War and the minister of rites, were appointed by Dr. Guanglu, the banquet official and the official of Wen Yuan Pavilion, and were given to ride horses in the Forbidden City.

However, Ji Xiaolan's most important achievement in his life was his academic activities. He has always been the leader of official academic work, and he will always be in the middle of editing books. He has been editor-in-chief of Wuyingtang, coordinator and editor-in-chief of the Three Links Museum, editor-in-chief of Hero Hall, editor-in-chief of Martyrdom of the Victory Minister, editor-in-chief of the National History Museum, editor-in-chief of the General Library, editor-in-chief of Sikuquanshu, editor-in-chief of the Official List, editor-in-chief of the Eight Banners and editor-in-chief of the Records Museum. In his life, he participated in the compilation and revision of many important classics, and the list is endless.

In addition to repairing books, another thing he does more is to be an examiner. He has successively served as the official of Shaanxi Provincial Examination, Provincial Examination, Renwu Provincial Examination, Fujian Magistrate, deputy official of examination, official of Jiyouwu Examination, official of Jiaqing Conference, official of Wuwu Examination and official of Ren Xu Examination. Every time I go to his post, there will be poems for my colleagues to read. He is not afraid to spare no effort to repay others before studying, so there are many disciples. Through his hands, he brought many talents.

Ji Xiaolan's ancestral home is Jijiabian Village, Shangyuan County, Yingtianfu, Jiangsu. In the second year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1404), he moved to Shijiafu, the most popular place in the south of the Yangtze River, and went north with his ancestor Jijiaopo, and finally he was naturalized in the capital, which is 90 miles away from xian county. During the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty, Ji Xiaolan's great-grandfather Ji moved to Cui Erzhuang, three miles away from the capital.

After more than 200 years, descendants were born and multiplied. By the Qing Dynasty, Jijia had become one of the few most popular names in xian county.

Xian county, located in the southeast of Zhili Province, is the gateway of Beijing and Guinea to the southeast. "From Nanking to Peking, the Imperial Road is eighteen bows", which runs through xian county. It is adjacent to Bohai Sea in the east, Taihang Mountain in the west, Qilu in the south and Jingwei in the north. It is also a cultural cave, and Liu De, the half-brother of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, was named King of Hejian. The capital is located in xian county. According to the history books, giving Wang Xiu a good study of ancient times, seeking truth from facts, trying to sort out ancient books and saving cultural heritage, all the gains are ancient Chinese and pre-Qin classics, and all the six arts are given, which is clearly stipulated and agreed by scholars.