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On Humanistic Care in Bi Shumin's Creation

Wen

School of Humanities, Zhanjiang Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048.

Many works of Bi Shumin, a famous contemporary woman writer, focus on the description of suffering and death, which embodies two aspects of medical humanistic care: tasting suffering and facing death. In addition, she is very concerned about women's life, women's psychology, women's status and so on. Many female chapters in her works show her profound feminist creative consciousness. Throughout his works, there is a strong humanistic concern. This paper will discuss the spirit of humanistic care embodied in Bi Shumin's creation from three aspects: concern for suffering, thinking about death and concern for feminism.

On Humanistic Care in Bi Shumin's Creation

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School of Humanities, Zhanjiang Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524048.

Abstract: Bi Shumin, a famous contemporary writer, mostly focuses on suffering and death in his works. Works reflecting medical treatment are two branches of humanities: tasting pain and facing death. In addition, she is very concerned about women's lives, women's psychology, women's status and so on; In her works, there are many works that embody her profound feminist creative consciousness. Almost all her works are dialysis of humanistic care. This paper interprets Bi Shumin's thoughts on death, his concern for suffering and his concern for feminists, which is helpful to explore the humanistic concern in Bi Shumin's works.

Keywords: Bi Shumin humanistic care for women who died in misery

Professor Yu Wujin from the Department of Philosophy of Fudan University mentioned in the article "Humanistic Care: Another Dimension of Marxist Philosophy" that the main meaning of the concept of humanistic care is "to pay attention to people's living conditions, affirm people's dignity and humane living conditions, and pursue people's liberation and freedom." . In other words, humanistic care means caring, loving and respecting people and paying attention to their survival and development. It is a sign of the progress of social civilization and a reflection of the improvement of human consciousness. Bi Shumin is such a woman writer with humanistic care. As an influential female writer in China's contemporary literary world, Wang Meng's evaluation of her is: "Bi Shumin is too normal and kind ... Even after writing a novel, she seems to have not forgotten her doctor's purpose of saving lives, the ambition of equality of all beings, the rules of patience and order and the clear medical mind." That's true. Her works show deep concern for the present situation of human society. While analyzing the disadvantages of the real society, she also gave us a brand-new perspective to look at the contemporary world. His works are full of understanding and thinking about life, and his steady realistic writing spirit and unique writing style have aroused widespread concern of contemporary people. In view of the fact that humanistic care has become the core content of Bi Shumin's creation, this paper will analyze the humanistic care embodied in Bi Shumin's creation from the following three aspects by studying Bi Shumin's creative mentality and works.

First, pay attention to suffering.

Bi Shumin is a famous contemporary writer who transformed from a military doctor to a literary writer. When I was young, I was a soldier in the Ali Plateau Army in Tibet where the Himalayas, Gangdise Mountains and Karakorum Mountains meet 1 1 year. In the long military career, Bi Shumin has to face the tragic death of unfortunate young life, unpredictable strange weather, extremely sinister natural environment and boring amateur life day after day. On the highest plateau in the world, human life has become particularly fragile, and survival has become a particularly difficult thing. In an instant, the fire of life may go out, and the process is too fast to be redeemed. This extraordinary life experience has a very important influence on Bi Shumin. She said: "The monotonous and rigid life and strange and harsh environment make me think about man and nature, the universe, eternity, life and death and fate, and also fundamentally affect my view of life." As a military doctor, she began to think about the metaphysical problem of human life and death prematurely when facing the magical nature that can't compete with it. Of course, it originated from the military cliff on Kunlun Mountain. She once said, "I write novels because of my love for Kunlun Mountain." As a realistic writer, her tragic life course has a very important influence on her literary path with military novels as the theme.

By describing the harsh living environment, Bi Shumin fully demonstrated people's tenacious survival confidence and showed strong humanistic care for soldiers. "Kunlun Decision" and "Ali" both describe the harsh living environment of soldiers. This is a "plateau frozen soil area above 5000 meters above sea level, and the temperature is MINUS 40 degrees Celsius", which is simply no man's land. "The hurricane rolled in with the yellow sand all over the sky, and the sand filled every gap in the human helix, eye socket, hair and every striped road on the skin." Soldiers are always facing the threat of death, and it is difficult to survive in the real environment, and they are expelling their lives at any time. Captain Li Tie, on the plateau with extremely thin air, blew the assembly number with his life; Xiao Yulian insisted on crossing the no-man's land regardless of women's physical exhaustion; You Xing volunteered to defend the plateau Ali for "my" land. They never give in to the harsh environment, which fully embodies the spirit of "soldiers are not afraid of sacrifice" and fully demonstrates the tenacious will of our lovely soldiers to protect their country and defend their country.

It not only reflects the miserable life of the army, but also pays attention to the sufferings of the people at the bottom. 1980 after Bi Shumin returned to Beijing, he worked as the director of a health clinic in a military factory and began to observe the lives of ordinary lower-level workers, from which he began to think about the miserable lives of ordinary people. She said in "Women's Process": "I am far less diligent and stubborn than them. I admire them very much and look forward to their happiness. " It is from this humanistic concern that Bi Shumin earnestly wrote down the sufferings of many ordinary people and showed deep sympathy.

People living in the lower classes of society live a humble life in obscurity, not only facing great threats to survival, but also suffering from undue discrimination from people around them and feeling miserable. From then on, Bi Shumin showed humanistic care for the lower classes, and the benevolent heart was everywhere, and humanistic care spread all over the world. Pu Xiaoti in "Female Worker" was originally an ordinary female worker in the factory. After her husband kicked her out of her new house for nothing, she had to squeeze into a bungalow in the factory with her daughter. There is nothing valuable in this room except needles and thread. The reform in the factory is getting worse day by day, and wages can't be paid. But in order to let her daughter study at her own expense, she would rather buy out the length of service and become penniless and helpless. From then on, she lived a vagrant and part-time job life that was looked down upon by people everywhere. Contemporary society has become a money-worshipping society, and some small people who have no money suffer everywhere. One is the contempt of the upper class. First of all, she was insulted by her boss: "She slowly walked out of this small building and heard the boss shouting angrily at the back:' You bitch, you are quite crazy! Toads with three legs are hard to find, and laid-off women workers with two legs are plenty! ""Rich and powerful, bullying, ruthlessly give the poor a spiritual blow. Once again, I was despised by my employer: "I want to poke Pu Xiaoti for nothing. Now, you are a servant, and as a customer, I have the right to say one is one, and two is two. "Employers have become spiritual oppressors and have no concept of equality at all. Especially after a white-haired family, he completely looked down on his wife, Pu Filial Piety, who helped him to become a rich man, and lost his morality and humanity. The second is the contempt of students. " Everyone forgot that Puxiaoti had not introduced himself ... After eating and drinking enough, several people pretended to look at their watches quietly. "These students who used to be at the same starting line also dismissed her. In the face of all these injustices and inequalities, the suffering characters show supercilious character, tenacious will to survive and the spirit of hard struggle. Pu Xiaotong refused the help of senior students and insisted on self-reliance. "I specialize in cooking for others and my income doubles." She has become the backbone of self-reliance and self-reliance. As long as you don't bow your head, there is a way out, which reflects Bi Shumin's love for the lower classes and praises their confidence and dignity.

Bi Shumin is also concerned about the lack of material and knowledge in poor areas. Yuanyuan Lang is a remote mountain village outside the Great Wall. This is a desolate and barren land. A little boy named "Flint" left Yuanyuanlang for the first time and went to live in a big city. All kinds of foolish and funny behaviors happened: he mistook lobster for a big worm, used coffee as a medicine soup, and stubbornly believed that the three nutritional elements of the human body were firewood, food and water ... Yuanyuanlang was poor and backward. However, Flint has a strong learning dream. In order to get tuition, he even betrayed his self-esteem. As a result, he helped the reporter complete the recording task in his hometown dialect against his will. The author takes this opportunity to call for a kind of personality equality, and at the same time shows the contradiction between ideal and reality oppression in the hearts of suffering people, and appeals to all mankind to pay attention to suffering and help suffering people.

Second, think about death.

A writer's writing itself is inseparable from rich and varied life experiences. As a writer who has been a soldier and a doctor, Bi Shumin has the deepest experience of death, so writing cannot be separated from his understanding of life and death. Bi Shumin said, "Life is precious to everyone. When he finally dies, should he enjoy human dignity? Should he have a kind of peace? What are people born for? How will people end up? Everyone faces life and death. As writers, we should pay attention to the broader life and help them understand life and death. " ⑤ Bi Shumin dared to face up to death and described it fearlessly. Many death processes are particularly detailed. She writes with the sacred and solemn mission of "helping people understand life and death".

Her creation is full of thinking about the value of death. Bi Shumin's literature advocates a great sacrifice and a death for righteousness. The tall lamb in Crocus was unfortunately shot. He could have used saffron to stop bleeding and wait for rescue, but he knew it was a precious and rare saffron, which was used by the wife of soldier Tian Jiumai to treat infertility. "He struggled to put the saffron into the cup on his stomach ... his intestines were cold, his blood stopped flowing, and the rim of the cup was frozen. The tall lamb runs out of strength before doing anything. The saffron was preserved, but the tall lamb died with a smile. Gao Gaozi is willing to give up his life for the happiness of others. He feels that death is also full of value. As a doctor branded with reactionary academic authority, Jiao Ruhai in The Last Western Country did not sink, but continued to exert the afterheat of his life. He led a group of students and gave his last piece of land, Sland, to the dog, Sui, to treat diseases, which is of great significance to medical research. He explained his belief with his life: "A Sui is a life, and life is the most precious thing in this world. The duty of a doctor is to repair and prolong life. Life is equal and sacred, and there is no distinction between high and low. " Life values are full of equality consciousness. However, he eventually suffered from a heart attack, and there was no "Slanti" specific medicine for first aid or even sudden death, which showed the lofty spirit of a doctor's dedication to medicine. The professor's ring also expresses the greatness of the doctor's willingness to devote himself to the medical cause without hesitation. Professor Tao wears a ring on his hand and can feel the current in the patient's body, thus personally feeling the pain. "Because his own pain and the patient's pain, like a double-edged sword, accelerated the felling of her life tree." He devoted all his efforts to the cause of saving lives, and in him we found a virtue that has been lost like loess: the spirit of selfless dedication to mankind. These people have fully realized the noble value of death. Schopenhauer said: "Death is the patron saint of inspiring philosophy and its beauty." ⑥ Because philosophical inspiration is determined by people's essential characteristics (people's will), it can provide people with spiritual strength and make people look at death fearlessly. Bi Shumin's description of die-hard loyalty is to see the tenacious will of life, and death does not violate the dignity and will of life. On the contrary, in order to realize this will to life, it is sometimes necessary to pay the price of life in exchange for the noble nature, which deserves our pity.

His works are full of reflections on the quality of life. With the civilization of human society and the progress of science and technology, people have developed from the simple medical requirement of "saving lives" to the whole process from the beginning to the end of life, and they all need fair, effective and reasonable high-quality medical and health care services. Starting from caring for people and relieving patients' mental and physical pain, let them live comfortably and meaningfully in a limited time, and improve the quality of life of patients with advanced stage. The quality of life of dying patients is closely related to the development of hospice care, because "medicine has never been a pure science, but a synthesis of various values of human society, and it is essentially an anthropology. It permeates all levels of humanity and technology, moral life and business operation, secular care and ultimate care, and expresses the profound relationship between humanity, intellectuality and rationality. " ⑦

In Death Appointment, Bi Shumin entered the hospice hospital as a patient and witnessed that the situation in the hospice hospital was not optimistic: five men and two women asked to unplug their mothers' oxygen straws; There is no euthanasia law in China, and the only use of patients alive is to feel pain; The hospital environment is too simple, like a slum; College students go to the hospital for free, just to get the school's character score and so on. All these show that patients have not received proper medical services, and China people have not paid attention to the care of dying patients. Because "we advocate heroic death, chaste death and painful death, and we despise ordinary death." "China people pay attention to the quantity of life, but ignore the quality of life." For a long time, Chinese people mistakenly regard life extension as a symbol of care, and even think that "life is worse than death". Various backward traditional concepts have led people to ignore the quality of life and hospice care. The ultimate goal of quality of life is for patients to reach another world safely and happily, where Bi Shumin cares more about quality of life than quantity.

Through the inhuman narrative of death, it shows the contemporary female writer's pursuit of death on the metaphysical spiritual level, and accuses her of ruining her life and not paying attention to her attitude towards life. "Mourning" in Kunlun Jue means death, and the article actually describes the final death of Kunlun Mountain. In order to compete with "Nijunhart", the person in charge of zipper No.1 is actually fighting for an important position, so he asked his superiors to work miracles in the most difficult place, Kunlun Mountain. "What is the purpose of the tour? Isn't it just asking for trouble in simulated actual combat? ! If it's just for safety, he will try to keep silent at the meeting of the military region, and he can try to pretend to go through the motions ... Since he told the soldiers that this was a war when mobilizing, he could not tolerate any kind of plan to avoid the important and take the light. Training is war, and he must let his troops remember this bloody premise all the time. " On the premise of "bleeding desperately", "No.1" put the life and death of a soldier in the second place, and tragedy became an inevitable thing. In order to simulate actual combat and produce a shocking effect, he ordered soldiers to "take off their leather gloves and put on liberation shoes" and put on fur shoes in the cold of MINUS 40 degrees, resulting in severe frostbite of many soldiers' hands and feet; Jin Xibang and Li Tie sacrificed one after another in the process of challenging the "Table Mountain" with a whole layer of extremely hard slate at the top and steep edges like walls. At this moment, the success or failure of the tour is not only related to the reputation of "No.1" and Kunlun troops, but also related to the honor and disgrace of the soldiers, so "No.1" made a more cruel decision: crossing the no-man's land! "It was an extremely cruel and cruel place. There are no plants, no animals, and even no death, because there is never life. " Coupled with the blizzard and strong winds, life safety is greatly threatened. In this plan, female soldiers Gummy and Xiao Yulian died of exhaustion. The death triggered the conscience of Chief of Staff Zheng Weiliang. He violated the military discipline of "obedience is the most important quality in good soldier" and asked No.1 to cancel the decision to cross the no-man's land. His words revealed deep humanistic concern:

"Desperately driving soldiers into human suffering is by no means the best policy for running the army. Soldiers are not afraid of sacrifice. But you can't ignore the lives of soldiers! " "Future wars may break out in any corner of the earth, and it is not necessary and impossible for us to rehearse in advance in all places." "Besides, like this primitive way of marching with grass on one's back, you can't even guarantee your own supplies, and how much fighting capacity can you have? It can only blur people's understanding of modern warfare, thinking that with spirit, they can win the battle. In fact, the materiality of war is extremely direct. Suffering is not an end, but a means to victory. I dare say that if the Red Army had fur shoes, they would never cross Jin Jia Mountain in sandals. Isn't it against the will of our ancestors to abandon this essence and talk about copying suffering itself? It is precisely to prevent future generations from suffering that the Red Army itself has been honed by non-people. In this sense, simply pursuing suffering and ignoring the value of military life is a betrayal of tradition. " ……

These heartfelt words of protest show the writer's extreme concern for his personal life. Although Zheng Weiliang violated the duty of obeying soldiers, it just reflected that caring for life is more important than any duty. When talking about my own experience in writing "Mourning the Kunlun Mountains", I said, "I only dare to write what I have experienced roughly, and I only dare to describe what I am sure of. This is really my tragedy. They are like a hard stone, which falls on the wings of my imagination and makes me unable to fly. " This undoubtedly shows the conscious tendency of female writers to pay attention to the tragedy of life, and it is the tragedy that makes us see the spirit of humanistic care. Caring for life is the premise of realizing the value of life. In the face of life, all blasphemies must be compromised.

Bi Shumin's description of death has a unique superhuman understanding, which makes us feel the existence of the true meaning of human life. Endless Life, a novel full of philosophical connotation, explores the fate and inheritance of fresh life. Jiang, the daughter of Joe, a female worker, suffered from an incurable disease and eventually died because of ineffective treatment. In the process of her dying, her parents still had a glimmer of hope and tried their best to ask Dr. Yuan to save their daughter's life. But for this incurable disease, doctors are helpless. Therefore, it is not difficult to see from the death of Jiang that the author is expressing the idea that death is the ultimate destination that everyone must face, but the world is unwilling to face this reality. "People are born to stand on the conveyor belt that passes through death, but for a long time, people completely ignored death, whether it is the philosophy of death, the image of death or even the word of death." After the loss of his beloved daughter, Joe Zhu Xian, regardless of his weakness, began to give birth to a new life and paid a heavy price for it. Here we can see that the author is conveying the idea that loving another person more than loving oneself is the characteristic of motherhood. In the cycle of life-death-life, Bi Shumin condensed the eternal law of human life. Jane Fangning, the director of the drug rehabilitation hospital in Red Prescription, was framed by Zhuang Yu. After taking drugs, she didn't want to lose her feelings of happiness and sadness. She would rather use her life to maintain her love for her family and her detoxification career. As she said before her death, "The biggest difference between humans and animals is that people have noble feelings. If all this does not exist, what is the meaning and value of life? " Here, Bi Shumin tells people: In life, people can't live without emotion, otherwise the meaning of life will be lost, and Jane Fangning dedicated herself to maintaining the lofty meaning of life.

Starting from all kinds of life, Bi Shumin thought deeply about all kinds of death, which showed his anxiety about human existence, his affirmation of human nature and his superhuman understanding of death.

Third, love for women.

As far as the development stage of contemporary women's literature in China is concerned, Bi Shumin's creation embodies the distinctive features of the second stage: "The confirmation of women's identity and humanistic care are called the focus of women's writing, which is based on people's value confusion and anti-humanity narrative viewpoint against so-called modernization in the process of social transformation." Attending Bi Shumin also said that women's voice in society is always weak. In real life, Bi Shumin has a variety of social and family roles. Therefore, in her works, there are self-awareness of female roles, self-pursuit of women's beauty and value, various troubles and difficult choices faced by women between career and family, various pains and struggles of women in unequal sexual relations, and unfortunate encounters and misunderstandings of women on the road of love and marriage, which constitute various connotations of her creation.

The first is the selfless dedication of motherhood. In the article "When do women begin to enjoy", Bi Shumin mentioned the greatness of mothers. When the child is very young, the mother cooks milk and washes clothes, thinking that the child can enjoy it when he grows up. When children go to kindergarten, women have to work while buying food and cooking, thinking that children can enjoy going to school. When children study, women turn to their homes, schools, markets and training classes to train their children. The child went to college and found a job, thinking that everything would be fine, but he has become a grandmother and has to look after his grandson. Until one day, "women are so old that they don't need any enjoyment anymore, and they sleep quietly in invisible dreams." A mother devoted her whole life to her children, but never had a chance to enjoy it. Maternal love is so magnificent. In "Blood Exquisite" and "Endless Life", I also wrote about the great sacrifices made by my mother to give birth to the next generation. In order to make his daughter suffering from leukemia have a match with bone marrow, Bu Xiuwen decided to get pregnant twice regardless of her childbearing age in the next year, and under the careful arrangement of medical experts, she signed a life-and-death contract-"Blood Exquisite" plan. "Endless Life" describes that the protagonist Joe suffered a great mental shock after his daughter's sweet death, and her body was thin and shaky, but she still insisted on getting pregnant again and created another life. Regardless of life and death, they rely on motherhood, and they use maternal love to save lives and inherit the greatness of life. In the long-term cultural accumulation, women have the instinct to prolong life. Hot pillow showed the great selflessness of motherhood with the difficulty of bearing children. This selflessness is innate. Because women not only pay off their debts with their own pain, but also pay off their debts with their own pain. The power displayed by this woman is truly great!

Feminist concerns. She turned her attention to breast cancer, the number one cancer among women. "Save the Breast" pays attention to cancer patients, and Dr. Cheng, a psychologist who returned from abroad, led the "cancer treatment team" on a difficult group treatment journey. There are not only civil servants facing promotion, but also female masters with excellent academic performance, prostitutes who give dialysis to their brothers, and men who have to dress up as men because of breast cancer. The physiological and psychological pressure faced by breast cancer has been released step by step, and everyone has re-recognized the important value of individual life and got rid of the fear of cancer. Of all the organs with cancer lesions, the significance of breasts to women is far from being an organ of the body. Its absence also brings the loss of aesthetics, love and self-esteem. Here, Bi Shumin dares to challenge the tradition and pay attention to the most secret and fearful topics of women, which proves her sympathy and care for this special group of women today.

Bi Shumin's novels also show dissatisfaction with the patriarchal society to varying degrees, exposing and accusing the patriarchal society of unequal treatment of women. Kuang Zongyuan in Blood Linglong escaped because of rape. He studied hard, and after getting ahead, he had a crazy and shameless fun. He thinks he is a successful man and can have everything, including women. This is an evil thought of men. Bu Xiuwen can only give in to her for her career and family, which shows that women are in a weak position in society, criminals have not got what they deserve, and women have to suffer. In The Gentleman in Service, Ding Ning, the wife of a general in a plateau detention center, is condemned as a preparation for war, which reflects the oppression of women's survival in a patriarchal society. Bai's scolding attitude towards Pu Xiaoti in "The Woman Worker" shows that men are the center of the family and women are still the vulnerable group. Yu Rongqiu in A Woman's Covenant is very concerned about the sex of the debt collector, and makes good use of honey traps to conquer men, which reflects men's desire for possession of women. It is not uncommon for a woman to succeed in debt collection and have to satisfy a man's desire. It can be seen that women are still in an unequal position in contemporary society and are treated unfairly by men. Bi Shumin mentioned the meaning of feminism in How Old Are You, Madam: "That is equality between men and women, complete equality in quality and value." Therefore, she writes by discussing women's happiness, pursuing equality between men and women in quality and value, and calling on the society to pay attention to the improvement of women's status.

Thus, Bi Shumin's description of women contains an aesthetic view of human life, especially women's own life. It is pointed out in Looking for Excellent Women that excellent women should be kind, intelligent and beautiful. Face the sky without makeup reminds women to be more beautiful, because "hiding is not only futile, but also a kind of weakness." Hold your right hand to remind women to create their own dreams. In addition to expressing sympathy for this kind of woman, raping a woman is more important to remind women to cheer up. "Don't dim the bright sky that belongs to us for this cloud." At this time, Bi Shumin has not only analyzed women's images from the perspective of a doctor, but also cared about women's values from the perspective of a female psychologist. On the road of struggling for a foothold and questioning human nature, she highlights the inner confusion of women. From inequality between men and women to women's hearts, she advocates caring for women. She always pays attention to women's happiness, freedom, dignity and rights from a feminist perspective, which is a unique feminist literary creation.

Contemporary humanistic care not only emphasizes human value, human dignity and integrity, but also adds a new connotation, that is, "not only pay attention to yourself, but also to others;" We should not only pay attention to the present of mankind, but also pay attention to the future of mankind. "It is as a healer that Bi Shumin examines contemporary social problems, cares about the living conditions of contemporary people and worries about the future living environment of mankind, which fully embodies his apocalyptic humanistic care. Through careful observation of social real life, she created a variety of characters and held high the idea of human nature. Among them, bioethics and moral norms in humanistic care have become useful measures to measure social progress. The author thinks that Bi Shumin's humanistic care can be summarized as: not afraid of suffering, cherishing life and equality between men and women. The humanistic concern in Bi Shumin's creation has a far-reaching influence, which deserves the attention and research of contemporary literary circles in China.