Where was Hanzhong during the Warring States Period?

"History of Chu Family" records: "In the spring of the seventeenth year, Qin was at war in Danyang, and Qin defeated our army, cutting off 80,000 soldiers, and captured more than 70 generals such as Qu Zhan and Bi, and took Hanzhong County." The biographies of Qin Benji, Han, Zhang Yi, Zi Liezi, Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng, the Warring States Policy, and the Warring States letters unearthed from Mawangdui Han Tomb also recorded the fact that Qin took Chu and Hanzhong. The battle of Danyang, in which Qin captured Chu and Hanzhong, was a very important event in the Warring States Period. For this "Hanzhong", most comments think that it is the Hanzhong Basin in Shaanxi Province now, or the south of Shaanxi Province now. Some people think that Hanzhong is the same place with the same name in ancient and modern times, so they simply don't comment. For example, chapter 10 of Lin Jianwu's Qin History Draft says: "Hanzhong is located in the upper reaches of the Hanshui River, with an area of 600 miles. Chu originally set up a county here, and rebuilt Hanzhong County after returning to Qin. In this way, the homeland of Qin is connected with Bashu, which not only eliminates the threat of Chu from the south, but also enables Bashu's rich material resources to be transported to Guanzhong unimpeded. " The author thinks that Hanzhong in the Warring States period is not Hanzhong in Shaanxi today. During the Warring States period, Hanzhong should be located in Yunyang area in northwest Hubei and Ankang area in southwest Shaanxi, which has nothing to do with Hanzhong today. Hanzhong during the Warring States Period is a very important place, the contact point between two great powers in Qin Chu, and the focus of political and military struggle. Hanzhong is also the birthplace of Chu people. It is of great significance to determine the correct position of Hanzhong in the Warring States period. Hanzhong was originally the land of Chu, and there is no doubt that all the books are consistent. However, the present Hanzhong area has never belonged to the State of Chu, but has always been the sphere of influence of the State of Qin. In the most powerful period of Chu, many small countries in the northwest were captured, but no forces reached the upper reaches of the Hanshui River, which is now Hanzhong. Chu once built Fangcheng as the northwest frontier defense. Fangcheng is located in present-day Nanyang, Henan Province, roughly along the westbound Funiu Mountain and surrounding the semicircular Great Wall of Nanyang Basin. Qin Chu once had an agent country as a buffer between the two big countries, and the position of the agent country is generally considered to be in Zhushan, Hubei. In the sixteenth year of Zuo Zhuan, Lu Wengong said that "Chu people, Qin people and Ba people should put an end to mediocrity", and Zhushan area in northwest Hubei became a direct confrontation area between the two great powers. Chu Great Wall Site Found in Zhuxi, Hubei Province. The Great Wall stretches for more than 70 kilometers from Zhuxi Ping 'an to Xunyang, Shaanxi, and its direction roughly coincides with the provincial boundaries of Hubei and Shaanxi provinces. The northwest boundary of Chu State should be here. Chu's power can't reach the present Hanzhong. Where is Hanzhong now? Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the king of literature unearthed in Joo Won?, has the words "cutting Shu". When Yin was destroyed, Shu people once sent troops to help. It can be seen that the traffic from Guanzhong to Sichuan Basin has already been opened, and now the only way from Guanzhong to Sichuan Basin is Hanzhong. There was a Zhou dynasty, which was praised in Hanzhong today and later called Nanzheng. Records of the Kingdom of Huayang Shu: "Being a king, there is a place to praise Han, because of hunting in the valley, I met Qin", and Qin Benji: "Zheng was in the south of the city for twenty-six years". Chronology of Six Kingdoms: In the 26th year of Gong Li, Zuo Shu grew up in the south of the city. Nanzheng is now Hanzhong. At this time, Nanzheng belonged to the State of Qin. After two years of mania, there is a record of "the rebellion in Nanzheng" In the 13th year of Qin Dynasty, "cutting Shu to take Nanzheng" was because Nanzheng was the way to keep Shu, so it was necessary to take Nanzheng first and then cut Shu. According to Zhang Shoujie's Justice in Historical Records, Nanzheng "belongs to Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period." This is obviously wrong. Zhang Shoujie's mistake was to confuse Hanzhong in the Warring States period with Hanzhong in the history of Chinese geography. In the ninth year after Emperor Huiwen of Qin Dynasty, Sima Cuo led an army to attack Shu, which shows that Hanzhong area is completely Qin today. Because, at that time, entering Shu from Guanzhong had to pass through Hanzhong now. If Hanzhong was the Chu Hanzhong during the Warring States Period and the Chu Hanzhong was still in the hands of the Chu people, then Sima Cuo's army would fly over with the air force to cut Shu. Chu Family was published in Danyang one year after the war. "Qin meets Chu, and half of Hanzhong meets Chu." If this Hanzhong is now Hanzhong, how could the Qin people give Chu the key to Shu? Even if it is a lie, it is too obvious and too much. Hanzhong is named after Hanshui River. King Zhao of Zhou conquered Jingchu and lost his teacher. Zhong Zhen, a famous bronze ware of the Song Dynasty unearthed in Xiaogan, Hubei Province, records that King Zhao of Zhou ordered him to go to the south to investigate the marching route first, so as to prepare for Zhao Haoqi's southern expedition. Among them, Zeng, Fang, Deng, Hanzhong and other place names are all on the avenue from Nanyang, Henan to Xiangyang, Hubei. "Hanzhong House" is used side by side with other place names. It seems that this "Hanzhong County" means more than just an island in the Han River. In this way, the use of the place name Hanzhong can be traced back at least to the Western Zhou Dynasty. "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals Chapter I Yin" "King Zhao of Zhou personally recruited Jing ... Wang and Cai Gong died in Hanzhong." During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Hanzhong area of Chu State belonged to the scope of Chu State. "Chu has Hanzhong, south has Pakistan and money", as opposed to "south has Pakistan and money". It can be seen that Hanzhong is the northern boundary of Chu State, which should be the present northwest of Hubei Province. The battle of Danyang in Qin Chu took place in the 13th year after Qin Huiwen took office, that is, four years after Sima Cuo cut Shu, so it was impossible for Sima Cuo to cut Shu across Chu and Hanzhong. He crossed the present Hanzhong, which was then Nanzheng. In the battle of Danyang, there was business outside Wuguan, and Qin Jun attacked Chu from Wuguan. The battlefield is in the Danjiang area in the northwest of Hubei Province today, and the Hanshui River is further south. The Chu army was defeated, and Qin Jun "seized the land of Hanzhong" and occupied this area. This is logical. "Biography of Zhang Yi" "Chu tasted the difficulties of Qin and fought Hanzhong. The Chu people were invincible, and the princes took care of more than 70 dead people and died in Hanzhong. " This war is the battle of Danyang, not in Danyang, but in Hanzhong. So Hanzhong and Danyang are actually the same place. Hanzhong covers a wide range. Danyang is a city in Hanzhong, so it can be called Hanzhong or Danyang. "Chu Family" "When Zhou Chengwang was in office, he raised the hardworking heirs of the civil and military, named Xiong Yi as a Chu, and sealed the mu of adopted daughters, surnamed Zhou, and lived in Danyang." This Hanzhong is the seat of Danyang and the birthplace of Chu people. The foolish old man of Chu Hanzhong belongs to Jingzhou, and the foolish old man of Qin Nanzheng belongs to Liangzhou. Chu Hanzhong is in the east, that is, in the northwest of Hubei, and Qin Nanzheng is in the west, that is, in Hanzhong area of Shaanxi. These two places are connected, but not in the same place. After Qin took Chu from the Han Dynasty, "Wang Zhao was thirteen years old and stayed as his eldest brother, wanting to attack Koryo New City." I'm one year old, but I'm Hou. I think I'm in Hanzhong. "("Tian Lei Wang Jianchuan ") The original Chu Hanzhong and Qin Nanzheng merged into one to form Hanzhong County, where Nanzheng ruled, which is now Hanzhong. Because it is a political center, Nanzheng in the upper reaches of Hanshui River has been called Hanzhong since then, and the original Chu Hanzhong has gradually lost its name. So that some people mistakenly think that Hanzhong now is the Chu Hanzhong in the Warring States Period. ""Hanzhong thorn courtyard ",county, government name. In the Warring States period of Chu, in the thirteenth year, Queen Qin Huiwen settled in Hanzhong County. "It is not accurate to think that the county in Qin and Han Dynasties was originally the land of Chu. The mistake of Chu Hanzhong for today's Hanzhong originated from the old notes of the ancients. In Biography of Zhang Yi, the battle was fought in Hanzhong, and Sima Zhen of Tang Dynasty said, "The land is in the south of Nanshan Mountain in Qin, northwest of Chu and north of Hanshui River, which is called Hanzhong. "Sima Zhen's mistake was to regard Hanzhong County, which was merged into one after Qin Huiwen's thirteen years, as Hanzhong of Chu. Nanshan is the Qinling Mountains, the place "south of Nanshan". The battle of Danyang cannot be Chu, nor Hanzhong of Chu, but Nanzheng of Qin. " South of Nanshan has long been the land of Qin. Isn't it a joke that Qin took the land of Chu and went to the south of Nanshan to get it? Later generations mostly followed Sima Zhen's mistake, but did not delve into it. "Reading" Historical Records "feels that there are some problems with Sima Yi's statement, saying that Hanzhong House is" Shu in the Spring and Autumn Period, Qin in the early Warring States Period, and Chu in the later period. The decline of Chu belongs to Qin. Qin is located in Hanzhong County. The Minutes of Reading History and Geography says that "the future is Chu", but it doesn't say when and specific events. Actually, it can't be found out because it's not recorded in the history books. This inference of "post-Chu" solved Sima Zhen's misunderstanding. When commenting on Zi Jian: "Therefore, Pei's public office is Hanwang, and both Shu and Hanzhong are in Nanzheng", he said that "in modern times, Shu people also wrote Shu Jian, saying: Nanzheng is from Nanzheng and Hanzhong is from Hanzhong. Nanzheng is an ancient praise country. Before Qin got Shu, it was taken first. Hanzhong is 600 miles from the six states of Jin, Yang, Jun and Fang. There was Hanzhong in Qin dynasty, but it was divided into Nanzheng, Nanzheng as a county, and Nanzheng and Hanzhong as one. From then on.