Who can send me a perfect knowledge of coffee culture!

Recommend two books of Gala, Open the Door of Cafe and Gala's coffee map.

It is worth mentioning that Gala, the author of this book, spared no effort to visit famous cafes all over the world and made a professional understanding and introduction. The contents of the book are illustrated and illustrated, which broadens the horizons for domestic coffee lovers.

Coffee culture

First, I heard that France once drank less coffee because of the shortage of coffee, and immediately saw more people taking a nap. This may seem exaggerated, but it is true that the French love coffee. 199 1 When the Gulf War broke out in, France was also one of the participating countries. Some domestic people are worried that the war will affect the supply of daily necessities and have rushed to the supermarket to snap up. This incident shocked even the TV station. When the camera was aimed at the customers covered with "scarce materials", it was found that they took the most coffee and sugar. This incident once became a big joke at that time.

It seems that the French pay attention not to taste, but to environment and mood. Most of them don't want to "drink alone" behind closed doors. They just join in the fun outside, and even a small cup is enough to cook a pot at home. They didn't drink in a hurry, but tasted it slowly, savored it carefully, read books and newspapers, and talked about it. A "bubble" is a long time. At the Expo, I walked through six or seven exhibition halls and found a coffee stall in the corner, which was convenient for people from all walks of life to exchange and discuss. It was packed all day.

Second, the French develop this habit of drinking coffee, consciously or unconsciously expressing an elegant charm, a romantic mood and a comfortable feeling of enjoying life. It can be said that this is a traditional and unique coffee culture. For this reason, the places where people stop to drink coffee in France can be said to be all over the streets, under the shade of trees, beside roads, squares, banks of rivers, cruise ships, balconies facing the street, and even the Eiffel Tower. Form, style and size are not limited. There are cafes, restaurants, halls and rooms, which are attached to buildings and covered by roofs. The most popular and romantic are those outdoor cafes, which are almost a portrayal of French life. Many open-air cafes occupy many public places, such as a corner of the square, some sidewalks on the street, and even the crowded Champs Elysé es. Colorful umbrellas have become a unique streetscape dotted with Paris. It seems that the municipal authorities are particularly tolerant of this. Almost all the chairs in the coffee bar are arranged towards the road, which is obviously a purposeful audience, and the road in front of us is a big stage where the play will never repeat itself. Looking at all kinds of guests, regardless of the noise and traffic in the street, the next cup of sun umbrella is in hand and leisurely. You can browse aimlessly with a local newspaper, smoke a cigarette and enjoy the colorful streets carefully. Here, there will be bright fashion flashes, intoxicating fragrance floating, colorful girls passing by, and street musicians often bring you wonderful melodies. This situation is intoxicating. It is not difficult to see couples sitting in their seats whispering, hugging and kissing, no one is watching. Others really can't envy so much, because this is in France. If you are lucky, maybe there is a French beauty sitting in the chair next to you, which will add a lot of visual enjoyment to you. Here, the Paris girl who smokes coffee and reads fashion magazines is regarded as a symbol of fashion.

3. In addition to those open-air cafes looking up at the sky, there are many magnificent or simple and elegant cafes in France, about 1.7 million. Especially in Paris, some cafes are legendary places of interest. In the old dynasty of the Middle Ages, the center of French cultural life was the palace. /kloc-in the enlightenment era of the 0/8th century, the cultural focus began to shift to various salons, clubs and cafes. For example, cafes in the Latin quarter are linked to the French Revolution, which affected the whole world more than 200 years ago. /kloc-thinkers of the Enlightenment in Europe in the 0/8th century Voltaire, Rousseau and Diderot, as well as three great revolutionaries of the Great Revolution, robespierre, Dandong and Mara, are frequent visitors here. At that time, several works of Voltaire, Diderot's first encyclopedia in the world, were written here, and the symbolic red, white and blue hats appeared here for the first time during the Great Revolution. A few years before the revolution broke out, it was always a place where blood was boiling and storms were bred. It is said that Napoleon came here before he made his fortune, and because he owed money for coffee, he left a military cap. Later, it was a social place for first-class writers, actors, gentlemen and ladies to get together and talk, including the famous Hugo, Balzac and George? Sang, Zola, etc. Even later, the literary publication Prokoff was founded in the name of this cafe. Therefore, the traditional decorations, antique furnishings and various cultural relics preserved in the museum are particularly rich, and the pattern and scenery in the museum do not seem to be "completely new" because of the changes of the times. Customers still like its classicality.

4. The College Cafe in Montmartre is a symbol of the Paris University era in the19th century. Artists from all directions have lived here for a long time. They built a brilliant era of Paris University centering on cafes. There is also a 19 th century style Germany opposite St. Germain Church? Les Deux Magots cafe, but its fame rose in the 1920s. A group of surrealist writers and painters have been here for a long time, burning the flame of artistic thought, and finally created a "Germany" named after this cafe. Mag literature prize ",and continues to this day. It is said that Hemingway used to drink coffee here to capture creative inspiration. However, a cup of coffee of 4 to 6 francs is sold elsewhere, but it can be sold for 22 francs here. This literary creation is really valuable. It's interesting that Germany is next door? Cafe DeFlore, also a famous academic garden, flourished with the arrival of more philosophers after the war. Sartre and Simon at that time? Bova and others often sit in fixed seats, and now they are specially marked with bronze medals. Because there are always cultural elites coming in and out at the gates of these two cafes, there are more and more bookstores, literary coffee shops and restaurants in this area, and later it became the birthplace of Belle-Lette in France.

Fifth, it can be seen that French coffee culture has a long history, and it is by no means as simple as eating and drinking. Since the beginning of this century, cafes have often become the center of social activities, clubs for intellectuals to debate issues, and even become typical symbols of French society and culture. Few French artists have nothing to do with cafes, such as writers, musicians and painters. /kloc-impressionist painters in the 0 th and 9 th centuries made a living by painting portraits in cafes. On the one hand, they chatted with like-minded people here and discussed artistic styles, themes, techniques and new methods. And different cafes can form different cultural circles and produce different art schools. Composer Chabury used to go to the cafe with poet Velander and painter Monet every night. His artistic ideas influenced each other, and his works naturally echoed the trend, reflecting the spirit of Paris at the end of 19. And painter fan? Gao once lived in the attic of a cafe in France, and one of his works was Night at the Cafe. He likes this cafe very much. Before he died, he wrote in a letter: "I hope to hold my solo exhibition in this cafe one day." To this day, there are still many cafes in Paris full of strong cultural atmosphere. For example, in the "Lighthouse Cafe" near the Bastille Square, scholars and poets often gather together, and most of them talk about quite serious philosophical topics. The person in charge is a doctor of philosophy from the Paris School of Political Science, and most of the participants consider themselves "philosophers", which truly reflects the French speaking ability. Although it may be thousands of miles away from real life, there are many people who are keen on it, including ladies wearing pearl necklaces and housewives who have just come from the vegetable market. There are lawyers in suits and homeless people. The furnishings of the cafe are ancient and ordinary, and visitors are only looking for a kind of spiritual food, but drinking coffee is secondary. The strong cultural atmosphere here, like the fragrant mist floating out of that coffee cup, can be smelled and reached. In recent years, the incorruptible style formed by the party has not only influenced Paris, but also promoted Strasbourg and Toulouse. It is said that the revival of this trend lies in trying to find the consciousness of living with the community and the nostalgia for traditional philosophy and culture. People who have become accustomed to affluent and modern life have begun to rethink many lost life values. The trend of emphasizing taste, enjoyment, pursuit of nature and leisure has gradually become a trend, and the wave of nostalgia has also prevailed in western European society. The descendants of people who used to go to cafes consciously or unconsciously walked into the old-fashioned cafes restored according to the traditional style.

6. A large number of cafes are distributed in the corners of streets and lanes, which are relatively civilian and also have the functions of pubs and snack bars. There is no hierarchy here, whether lofty or secular, you can sit around for a long time with a drink, or chat or read books and newspapers. And friends, colleagues and classmates are also willing to gather here to talk; People who engage in art and learning often argue together; No one will be surprised if you are talking to yourself. Everyone is enjoying leisure. No one thinks it is a waste of time, but many people are willing to believe that those profound philosophies and wisdom are often born in this environment. This is a unique small world. You can pull your coarse cloth shoes, bring your pet dog, smoke, and of course, open your suit without a tie. Anyway, help yourself. The characteristics here are casual, active and unrestrained, which is in line with the French character. I don't know if it's intentional, but the small round table on the coffee table is usually quite small. When two people sit opposite each other, they often touch their knees. If you are lovers, just holding your cheeks and winking at each other, it will be more intimate and harmonious. Even if they are not lovers, they have greatly narrowed the distance between the two sides. What's there to say? The origin of coffee is not France. Coffee was first introduced to France in 1657. However, coffee culture has been brought to this almost exquisite realm by the French nation and has become a spiritual symbol. Indeed, every night we see in Paris and other places, even at night, the passengers in the subway are deserted and other shops on the street have long closed, but those scattered cafes are still brightly lit and jubilant. Day and night, the French people are always endlessly interpreting their unique coffee culture.

As a world art center, Paris reached unprecedented prosperity before World War II. Picasso, Stein, Hemingway and Joyce all lived in Paris for many years, and some even died in Paris. Even after the war, Paris was a dream place for writers and artists all over the world, such as the famous Latin American writers Marquez and Nie Luda. Latin American magic realism literature also bears the imprint of Paris art, and the cafes in Paris are frequented by these writers and artists. When Picasso went to Paris from Spain, he was down and out. Just as he spent the last franc, a kind cafe owner took him in. In return, Picasso gave all his graffiti paintings to the cafe owner, and the kind boss kept them one by one. A few years later, the cafe owner made a fortune. Coffee shops in Paris are the most humane places. Those poor artists can sit from day to night by buying a cup of coffee here. It's warm and safe here, and they can write and draw. Cafes in Paris are kind and tolerant. It never urges you to leave early just because you have a cup of coffee. You can have a cup of coffee as long as you want. This tradition has been passed down to this day. Today, Paris is still full of such cafes, standing on the street, everywhere. The window facing the street is transparent, so you can sit inside and watch pedestrians or street scenes while drinking coffee. There are usually some tables and chairs in the open air outside the cafe, where guests can drink coffee and bathe in the warm sunshine. Chairs in cafes are usually made of wood or rattan, which is very common; The round table is not big, not much bigger than a big washbasin; But people who come here for coffee don't need too many places, all they want is a kind of leisure. Half of the buildings in cafes are usually built on sidewalks, and the appearance color is usually brown. The word coffee is written in English or French, so it can be seen from a distance. Today's cafes are the same as before World War II, neither too lively nor too cold. Here, while drinking coffee, you can imagine the lives of Picasso and Hemingway.

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