Dayu Yi * * * has five sons, and Boyi is a person with a physical surname. Why did Dayu succeed Boyi?

The so-called abdication means that the emperor gave the position of leader to others, to those with the same surname as inner Zen, and to those with foreign surnames as outer Zen. Compared with the inner Zen, the outer Zen shows the emperor's mind more clearly, and shows "ruling the world" and "those who are virtuous in the world live in it" incisively and vividly.

After the death of Emperor Yao, Zen was in the position of Emperor Shun, who was promoted as emperor. After the death of Emperor Shun, Zen was located in Dayu and promoted Yu as the emperor. Yao Shun's abdication left a much-told story in the history of China, which was never forgotten by later generations. In people's impression, Dayu started the history of China's "home is the world" and was a selfish emperor. Little known is that after Dayu's death, he also carried out the abdication system and gave the throne to a wise minister.

Xia Benji records: "Yu immediately recommended him and gave him advice, but died. After the seal, it must be in Britain, Liuhe Xu. "

After Dayu proclaimed himself emperor, he recommended Hao Tao to heaven and handed over state affairs to Hao Tao, which means that Hao Tao is the first heir of Dayu. Emperor Yao decides Emperor Shun, and Emperor Shun decides Dayu as the heir, both of which have to go through these two procedures.

Yan, Gao, Ren, Li's ancestor, was born in Qufu, Shandong Province, and was the leader of ancient tribes in China. In the era of Emperor Yao, Hao Tao was already a non-commissioned officer (in charge of criminal law). After three eras of Yao, Shun and Yu, he served as a "judge" in charge of criminal law for a long time. He is famous for his integrity, insists on fairness and justice, and emphasizes the combination of "rule of law" and "rule of virtue" to convince the people. Later generations are honored as "the father of China's justice". Therefore, Dayu identified Hao Tao as the first heir, and prepared to abdicate to him after his death.

But Hao Tao is too old after three generations of Yao, Shun and Yu. Before Dayu died, Hao Tao died first, so Dayu chose another successor-Boyi.

"Xia Benji" records: "Then take advantage of it and let it be the government."

Yi is Boyi in history, a native of Feixian County, Shandong Province, Dayu's right-hand man in water control, and the legendary first author of Shan Hai Jing. Boyi, the ancestor of Qin Shihuang, was given the surname of Won by Shun Di for helping Dayu to control water. Like Hao Tao, Boyi is also famous in the world. In addition to assisting Dayu in water control, Boyi has made great achievements in drilling wells, taming birds and animals. The ancient literature once said that "it is beneficial to master the danger and the monarch of Yamazawa", which shows that Boyi has made extraordinary achievements in taming birds and animals, so Dayu is going to give Boyi a meditation position after his death.

Ten years later, Dayu traveled eastward and died in Huiji Mountain, handing over the throne to Boyi. But the next record in Historical Records is very interesting. After three years of mourning, Boyi gave the throne to Qi, the son of Dayu. In order to express his firm attitude towards the throne, Boyi ran to Shan Zhinan to escape. Many famous people in history like to run to such mountains to escape when they refuse to be in place.

After Boyi proclaimed himself emperor, the world thought that Xia Qi was wiser, so the princes did not worship Boyi or Boyi, but went to worship Xia Qi, saying, "This is the son of our monarch Yu Di." So Boyi abdicated, and Xia Qi ascended the throne as emperor, which opened the Xia Dynasty.

Both Boyi and Xia Qi in Sima Qian's works focus on national affairs and people's well-being, showing the noble spirit of selfless dedication to others, but I'm afraid this is not the case.

Rong Shicheng, a bamboo book of the Warring States Period, records: "Yu has five sons, and he doesn't take the son as his heir (emperor). The general idea of this passage by ......................................................................................................................... is that Dayu Yi * * * has five sons, but he is not going to pass them on. After Dayu's death, he became a Zen master in Boyi, but Xia Qi attacked Boyi by force and seized the throne. In other words, Boyi had no Zen at all in Xia Qi, but Xia Qi seized the throne by bloody force.

Of course, there are also records that say: "Yi was replaced by Li Yu, and detention, Yi was killed for inheriting from Sri Lanka." It means Boyi imprisoned Xia Qi, and then Xia Qi killed Boyi.

In short, through the description of historical books, it can be basically determined that Boyi did not have a Zen position, but that armed conflict broke out between the two sides. In the end, Boyi was a loser. Maybe he "lived in the sun of Mount Ji" and ran to Shan Zhinan to escape.

There is a puzzling problem here: Boyi and Xia Qi both want to be emperors, and they are both willing to compete for the throne. When Dayu was alive, he could not have been unaware of their desire to seize the throne. So why didn't Dayu directly transfer Xia Qi, or transfer a more powerful minister, to deter Xia Qi from using force, and Zen was located in Boyi?

In fact, in the era of the Five Emperors and Dayu, it was not a centralized regime, but a tribal association. Yao Shunyu is supported by a huge tribe whose leader is elected by the council of tribal association. It can be seen that behind Yao Shunyu's abdication, it is also related to the strength of tribes and the game between tribes for their own interests. Without overwhelming military strength, it is difficult for a family to monopolize the position of leader.

In addition, some positions in tribal associations are often held by representatives of various tribes. The stronger the tribe, the more important its status is. Hao Tao and Boyi should be both powerful tribes. As for ordinary people, even if they are brilliant, they will not become big officials. This is the era of "princes will have real seeds".

Therefore, the power in Dayu's hands is not as great as that of later emperors, and it is impossible to determine the heir separately. It must be elected by the tribal consortium, but the leader's right to speak is more and heavier. In other words, even if Dayu wanted to succeed Xia Qi, he might not be able to achieve his goal, so he recommended Boyi, which was recognized by the tribal alliance.

It can be seen that it may be a compromise or a plot against Dayu to move to Boyi instead of Xia Qi. Han Feizi records: "It is said that Yuchuan is located in Yi, and it is finally taken." "The Warring States Policy" records: "Yu gives benefits, Qi is an official and old, Qi is not enough to serve the world, and the benefits are also passed on. Qi and the supporting party attacked and seized the world, which was spread in the name of the world and benefited the world. " The ancients speculated that Dayu succeeded to Boyi for Xia Qi, but his reputation is well known.

The author thinks that after Xia Qi ascended the throne, the Youhu family destroyed the political tradition of abdicating with Xia Qi, overthrew the rule of Boyi openly, and expressed dissatisfaction, so Xia Qi fought against the Youhu family, which shows that the Youhu family is a powerful tribe with a group of allies gathered around it, which can compete with Xia Houshi. Therefore, the historical truth should be: Hu Shi and Xia Houshi competed for the position of the leader of the League, while Dayu, in order to avoid suspicion, or the two forces were deadlocked, so Zen was located in the weak third party-Boyi. In fact, Xia Qi secretly controlled political affairs and chose the opportunity to overthrow Boyi.

As for Boyi's virtue and talent, I don't know the joke that "you can do it if you say it, but you can't do it if you don't say it", and there is no standard to measure how good he is. Thousands of years later, during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, An Chongrong said that "the son of heaven should be a strong horse village", especially in ancient times.

As we all know, the situation in early summer is very chaotic. First, Xia Qi seized power by force and overthrew Boyi's rule. Later, the warlords represented by Hu Shi refused to accept it, and the Gansu-Gansu War broke out. Third, Xia Qi's son competed for this position. Among them, the son of a military attache rebelled, which was called "the rebellion of military attache" in history. After the death of the fourth world, Taikang succeeded to the throne, and poor countries easily became emperors in Dongyi. Only one Shao Kang escaped, and the Xia Dynasty perished for the first time. Han Zhuo has been in office for more than 40 years, and he has restored the previously fragmented country. Later, Shao Kang grew up, destroyed Han Zhuo and recreated the Xia Dynasty. From then on, the inheritance of the Xia family in the world was truly stable.

The reason why the situation in the early summer was so chaotic was that the second generation of Xia Dynasty lost its country, which was not as simple as the careerist's insurrection described in the history books, but was related to the long-standing political tradition that Xia Qi abolished the abdication system, which led to the dissatisfaction of the princes and the chaos in the world. For the ancestors in the early summer, abolishing the abdication system and running the country is a "great change once in a thousand years."

References:

History books, bamboo chronicles, etc.