Chinese problems in the fifth grade of primary school

Interpretative metaphor is trapped in a situation of being attacked on all sides and being isolated.

Sima Qian's Records of the Historian Xiang Yu in the Western Han Dynasty recorded: "The Wang Xiang army was at the gate, and the food was serenaded, and the Han army and the vassal soldiers surrounded it. At night, I heard that the Han army was besieged on all sides. Wang Xiang was shocked and said, "Did the Han army capture Chu?" ? He Chu has so many people.' "

Use subject-predicate form; Make an attribute; derogatory sense

For example, Chen Jinshou's Biography of the Three Kingdoms and Wu Cong: "The great-grandfather unified the Xiang, ~."

Synonym between Scylla and Charybdis, at the end of my rope.

The antonym is safe and sound

Two-part allegorical saying: a battlefield is set in front of Jiuli Mountain; Trapped the overlord on the bank of Wujiang River; Overlord trapped; The overlord of Chu was trapped under cover.

General regulations

Xiang Yu and Liu Bang originally agreed to take the east and west of the gorge (in present-day Rongxian County, Jia Luhe) as the boundary, and they did not invade each other. Later, Liu Bang followed the advice of Sean and Chen Ping, and thought that Xiang Yu should be destroyed when he was weak. Then he chased Xiang Yu's army with Han Xin, Peng Yue and Liu Jia, and chased Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu) eastward. Finally, several layers of troops were arranged to tightly surround Xiang Yu (in the southeast of Lingbi County, Anhui Province). At this time, Xiang Yu's soldiers were few and there was no food. In the evening, he was very surprised to hear the troops around him singing Chu folk songs and said, "Is Liu Bang banned? Why are there so many Chu people in his army? " Without fighting spirit, he got out of bed, drank in the camp and sang with his favorite concubine, concubine Yu. After singing, I cried, and the people on the side were also very sad, and they all felt that they could not lift their heads. Yu Ji committed suicide in front of Xiang Yu's horse. Xiang Yu's hero died in battle, came to the Wujiang River with the only remaining soldiers, and finally committed suicide by the river.

Because there is a story in this story that Xiang Yu was surprised to hear the songs of Chu songs around him, and then failed to commit suicide, people later used "besieged on all sides" to describe the personnel environment where people were attacked or persecuted from all directions, resulting in an embarrassing situation of isolation and helplessness. Anyone caught in this situation often has a tragic fate. For example, some people are idle because they often associate with bad people. But later, the bad guys forced him to make a living. When he asks others for help, others should treat him as a bad person on weekdays, and never sympathize with him or ignore him. This man's situation is "besieged on all sides". Another example is that when the school discusses academic issues, students are ignorant (idioms, meaning no academics), irresponsible and confuse right and wrong. When students rise up and attack, students are completely isolated. This can also be called "besieged on all sides". In the process of our life, in our daily life, we should be a good person and do things in a down-to-earth manner. If we make a mistake, we will suffer from all sides.

The Last Battle (Han Xin) The Last Battle

Han Xin was a military genius in the Chu-Han War. In October of the third year of Emperor Gaozu (204 BC), Han Xin led 10,000 newly recruited Han troops to cross Taihang Mountain and attack Zhao, the vassal state of Xiang Yu, eastward. Zhao Wang and General Chen Yu concentrated 200,000 troops and occupied Jingxingkou, a throat area east of Taihang Mountain, to prepare for war. To the west of Jingxingkou, there is a narrow path about a hundred miles long, with mountains on both sides and narrow roads, which is the only place for Han Xin. Li Zuoche, Zhao Jun's counselor, made a plan: fight a frontal defense, send troops around the back to cut off Han Xin's grain transportation route, and trap Han Xin on the narrow road in Jingxing. Chen Yu didn't listen and said, "There are only a few thousand people in Han Xin, thousands of miles away. If we don't fight, won't the princes see the joke? "

After learning the news, Han Xin quickly led the Han army into the narrow road in Jingxing, and camped 30 miles away from the mouth of Jingxing. In the middle of the night, Han Xin sent two thousand Qingqi, each holding a flag of the Han army, to ambush the rear of Zhao's camp from a path. Han Xin warned: "When we are fighting, Zhao will be eager to catch up with our army. You rushed into the camp of Zhao Jun, pulled out the flag of Zhao Jun, and erected the red flag of Han Jun. " After eating some simple dry food, the rest of the Han army immediately headed for Jingxingkou. At Jingxingkou, the brigade crossed the water and lined up behind it. When Zhao Jun saw it from afar, they all laughed at Han Xin.

After dawn, Han Xin set up a general's flag and ceremonial, and led the people to leave Jingxing. Chen Yu rate Qingqi elite swarmed out and captured Han Xin alive. Han Xin pretended to abandon the flag and fled back to the position by the river. Zhao was ordered to attack the whole battalion, which was in line with the position of the Han army. Thanks to no way back, the Han army fought bravely for the first place. The two sides fought for a long time, but Zhao Jun couldn't win. At this time, Zhao wanted to go back to the camp, only to find that his camp was full of flags of the Han army, and the team was suddenly in chaos. Han Xin tried to fight back, Zhao was defeated and killed, and Zhao Wang was captured. After the war, someone asked, "Sun Tzu's art of war says that fighting with the back of the mountain and fighting with the water. This time, we in last stand won. Why? " Han Xin said: "Isn't it also said in Sun Tzu's Art of War that' you will be born when you are trapped, and then you will survive when you are surprised'?" You just didn't notice. "

"The last battle" is a metaphor for desperate struggle for survival. (from historical records? "Huaiyin Houzhuan")

Get to the point (Wang Xizhi)

Source: Duan Wei of Huaiguan, Zhang Tang

The emperor of the Jin Dynasty offered sacrifices to the northern suburbs, and Wang Xizhi's book was a blessing edition, which was cut by workers.

The interpretation of pen power goes deep into the chessboard. Xingke calligraphy is strong, and it is also a metaphor for profound insights and accurate exposition.

story

Wang Xizhi's words are easy to escape, and he will remember people in the Jin Dynasty. He is the most famous calligrapher in the history of our country. Because he was a general of the right army, later generations called him Wang Youjun. Wang Xizhi's calligraphy is the best in ancient and modern times. His calligraphy is vigorous and beautiful, combining rigidity with softness. Many calligraphers in later generations, no one can compare with him. So many people who study calligraphy take his handwriting as a model. Today, his most famous books and posts are Preface to Lanting Collection and Huang Tingjing. Although Wang Xizhi's handwriting is so good, it has something to do with his talent, but the most important thing is his hard work. In order to practice his handwriting well, whether he is resting or walking, he always thinks about the structure of the font, imitates the shelf and momentum of the word, and keeps paddling his fingers on his skirt. After a long time, even the clothes were cut. He used to practice calligraphy by the pond, and every time he finished writing, he washed his pen and inkstone in the pond. After a long time, the water in the whole pond turned black. It can be seen that he has made great efforts in practicing calligraphy. It is said that he loves geese very much, and often watches them swim in the river and stare blankly at Shen. Later, he realized the principle of calligraphy from Xi's movements, which was of great help to his calligraphy skills. Once, he went to a Taoist temple to play, and when he saw a group of geese were lovely, he asked the Taoist priest to sell them to him. The Taoist priest in Guanli admired his calligraphy for a long time and asked him to write a copy of Huang Tingjing in exchange. Wang Xizhi liked those geese very much and agreed. So Wang Xizhi wrote a poem "Huang Ting Jing" for Guan Li, and Daotu gave him all those geese to paint. On another occasion, the emperor went to the northern suburbs to offer sacrifices, and asked Wang Xizhi to write his congratulatory message on a board, and then sent workers to carve it. When carving, the sculptors were surprised that Wang Xizhi's handwriting and brushwork actually penetrated into the wood by more than three points. He praised him and said, "The words of the right army are really different!" "

Zhao Kuo on paper and Zhao Kuo on paper.

In 262 BC, the Xiangpai general of Qin attacked South Korea and occupied the Wild King (now Qinyang, Henan). It cut off the contact between Shangdang County (now governing Changzhi, Shanxi Province) and Handu, and Shangdang was in a critical situation. Unwilling to surrender to the state of Qin and seize Shangdang, the North Korean army generals sent messengers with maps to dedicate Shangdang to Zhao.

Zhao Haoqi Cheng Xiao (son of Zhao Haoqi Huiwen) sent troops to take over Shangdang. Two years later, Qin sent Wang Bi to surround the Party.

When Zhao Haoqi Cheng Xiao heard the news, he quickly sent Lian Po to lead more than 200,000 troops to save Shangdang. They arrived in Changping (now northwest of Gaoping County), and Shangdang had been captured by Qin Jun.

Wang Bi still wants to attack Changping. Lian Po quickly held his ground and told the soldiers to build forts, dig trenches, confront Qin Jun at a distance and prepare for long-term resistance.

Wang Bi challenged Zhao many times, but Lian Po fought with them without saying anything. Wang Bi couldn't think of any way, so he had to send someone back to the king of Qin and said, "Lian Po is a veteran and doesn't go to war easily. Our army has come all the way here, and if this continues, I'm afraid there will be no food and grass. What can we do? "

Zhao Xiang, king of Qin, asked Fan Ju for advice. Fan Ju said: "To defeat Zhao, we must first ask Zhao to bring Lian Po back."

The item of the state of Qin said, "Where is this going?"

Fan Ju said, "Let me find a way."

A few days later, Cheng Xiao, Zhao Haoqi, heard a lot of comments and said, "The State of Qin is afraid of letting Zhao Kuo, who is young and strong, lead troops;" Lian Po is useless and will surrender soon! "

It is said that Zhao Kuo is the son of Zhao She, a famous soldier of Zhao. Zhao Kuo loved to learn the art of war when he was a child. When he talked about the principle of fighting, he was very clear-headed and thought he was invincible. Even his father is not in his eyes.

The prince of Zhao immediately called Zhao Kuo and asked him if he could beat back Qin Jun. Zhao Kuo said, "If the state of Qin turns white, I will also consider dealing with it. Now it's Wang Bi, just Lian Po's opponent. If it were me, I would beat him. "

The prince of Zhao was very happy, so he named Zhao Kuo as the general and succeeded Lian Po.

Lin Xiangru said to the prince of Zhao, "Zhao Kuo only knows how to read his father's art books, and he can't adapt to the situation. You can't send him as a general. " But the prince of Zhao didn't listen to Lin Xiangru's advice.

Zhao Kuo's mother also wrote a letter to the prince of Zhao, asking him not to send his son. The prince of Zhao stopped her and asked her why. Mother Zhao said, "When my father died, he repeatedly told me,' Zhao Kuo, a child, is arrogant when it comes to the art of war. It doesn't matter if the king doesn't need him in the future. If you use him as a general, I'm afraid Zhao Jun will be ruined by him. "So I ask your Majesty not to make him a general."

Wang Zhao said, "I've made up my mind, so leave it alone."

In 260 BC, Zhao Kuo led 200,000 troops to Changping, and asked Lian Po to check the military code. Lian Po surrendered and went back to Handan.

Zhao Kuo commanded 400,000 wagons, with great momentum. He abolished all the systems stipulated by Lian Po, and decreed: "If the State of Qin challenges again, it must be attacked head-on. If the enemy is defeated, it will be pursued, and it will not be finished. "

Fan Ju got the news that Zhao Kuo was replacing Lian Po over there, and knowing that his double spy had succeeded, he secretly sent Tian Lei to command Qin Jun as a general, and Tian Lei laid an ambush as soon as he arrived in Changping, deliberately making several defeats. Zhao Kuo didn't know it was a trick, so he chased it hard. Lead Zhao to the ambush area in advance, send 25 thousand chosen men, and cut off Zhao's back road; Another 5,000 cavalry were sent to Zhao Daying, and 400,000 Zhao troops were split in two. Zhao Kuo didn't know Qin Jun's bravery, so he had to camp out and wait for reinforcements. Qin sent his troops again, cutting off Zhao's road of rescue and grain transportation.

Zhao Kuo's army, without food and reinforcements outside, kept for more than forty days, and the soldiers were complaining bitterly and had no intention of fighting. Zhao Kuo's troops tried to break out of the encirclement, Qin Jun fired an arrow, and Zhao Kuo was shot and killed. When Zhao heard that his master had been killed, he also threw down his weapon and surrendered. Zhao's 400,000 troops were thus wiped out in the hands of Zhao Kuo, an armchair coach.

Smell the chicken dance (Zu Ti) smell the chicken dance.

Zu Ti in Jin Dynasty was an open-minded and ambitious person. But he was a naughty boy when he was a child and didn't like reading. Enter youth

At that time, he realized his lack of knowledge and felt that he could not serve the country without studying.

So I began to study hard. He reads widely and studies history seriously, right

Yes, I began to study hard. I have learned a wealth of knowledge from it and made great progress in my study.

He has been in and out of Luoyang, Kyoto for many times, and people who have contacted him say that Zu Ti is a right-hand man.

Talents who helped the emperor govern the country. When Zu Ti was 24, he was recommended to go.

He didn't agree to go to court, but he studied tirelessly.

Later, Zu Ti and his childhood friend Liu Kun served as the main book of Sizhou. He and Liu Kun have deep feelings, not only sharing the same bed, but also sleeping together.

Moreover, they have a common lofty ideal: making contributions, rejuvenating the state of Jin and becoming a pillar of the country.

Once, in the middle of the night, Zu Ti heard the cock crow in his sleep. He kicked Liu Kun awake and said to him, "Everyone thought he heard him in the middle of the night."

It's unlucky to crow. I don't think so. How about we get up and practice swords when we hear chickens crow in the future? "Liu Kun readily agreed. So they are here every day.

After the cock crowed, I got up to practice my sword. The light of the sword is flying and the sound of the sword is sonorous. Spring goes to winter, cold goes to summer, and it never stops. Everything comes to him who waits, and it takes a long time.

After years of hard study and training, they have finally become generalists who can write good articles and lead troops to win the battle. Zu Ti quilt

Being named General Zhenxi realized his wish to serve his country. Liu Kun became the viceroy, in charge of the military affairs of Hebei and Youzhou, and also played a great role.

He is gifted in literature and martial arts.

This story comes from Biography of Jin Zu. The idiom "smell the chicken and dance" describes energetic and promising, and also means that people with lofty ideals should cheer up in time.