The release of the first black hole photo confirmed the radiation of the black hole. Can Hawking win the Nobel Prize?

The first photo of a real black hole has been published, but this does not confirm that black hole radiation has nothing to do with Hawking's research. What really matters is Einstein. Besides, Hawking has passed away. No matter how to prove the correctness of Hawking's radiation in the future, he can't win the Nobel Prize in Physics, because this prize is only awarded to people who are still alive.

This photo of a black hole shows a black hole surrounded by halo structure, which is caused by gravitational lens effect, and the shadow in the middle is the black hole. In the process of falling into the black hole, the gas cloud will experience strong friction, which will lead to the temperature rise and emit electromagnetic radiation. Astronomers can receive these electromagnetic radiation through radio telescopes distributed around the world, thus obtaining real photos of black holes.

Hawking radiation has nothing to do with this photo. According to quantum mechanics, Hawking proposed that if the virtual particle pairs appearing in the vacuum fluctuation appear around the event horizon of the black hole, then one of the particles will fall into the black hole, and the other particle will take part of the mass of the black hole and flee to the distance. This is Hawking radiation.

However, Hawking radiation is extremely weak and cannot be detected by human observation technology at present. Nowadays, it is extremely difficult for radio telescopes to distinguish the scene around the horizon of black holes, let alone detect Hawking radiation. If science and technology develop to the point where Hawking radiation can also be detected, then we will catch a glimpse of an extremely spectacular black hole scene, instead of the low-resolution black hole photos as it is now.

The first black hole photo can't confirm Hawking's theory, but it can confirm the general theory of relativity put forward by Einstein 100 years ago. Astronomers have long deduced the existence of black holes from the general theory of relativity, but there has been no direct observation evidence to confirm it. For a long time, there was only indirect evidence of the existence of black holes in the universe, and this time there was finally direct evidence. The parameters of black holes observed in theory are completely consistent with the predictions of general relativity, which proves that general relativity is correct again.

However, Einstein is long gone, and he can't win the Nobel Prize again. But scientists who have made outstanding contributions to this real black hole photo are expected to win the Nobel Prize in the future, just like the discoverer of gravitational waves in previous years (which also proves the general theory of relativity).

First of all, Mr. Hawking will not win the Nobel Prize.

Tonight at 2 1:00, the first black hole photo that everyone is thinking about appears on the big screen on time. The main character of this photo is the supermassive black hole in the center of M87 galaxy, which is about 55 million light-years away from us, and its mass is 6 1 100 million times that of the sun.

This photo of a black hole was taken simultaneously by eight submillimeter radio telescopes in six places around the world. This observation matrix is equivalent to the effect of a single telescope with the diameter of the earth. The M87 central black hole and the galactic central black hole were shot within 10 days from April 5, 2065438 to April 4, 2007. But the later data processing took nearly two years.

According to the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics, a pair of positive and negative particles will be produced instantly in space and then disappear instantly, which does not violate the law of conservation of energy. Hawking imagined that if a pair of particles were produced outside the event horizon of a black hole, one of them would be absorbed by the black hole and the other would escape.

Then this situation looks like an example of black hole release, and escaped particles also carry energy, because to ensure the conservation of energy, the energy of escaped particles can only be regarded as the energy radiated by black holes. This is Hawking radiation or black hole radiation.

Unfortunately, no. Hawking radiation is very weak in theory, especially when the jet of a massive black hole devours celestial bodies will completely cover Hawking radiation. It is questioned that the quality of the black hole photographed this time has reached several billion times that of the sun. Observing Hawking radiation on this supermassive black hole is no different from daydreaming.

Photo: Hawking radiation engraved on Hawking's tombstone

It is proved that the ideal black hole radiated by Hawking is a hypothetical primitive black hole, and their mass is very small, which will be obvious if there is Hawking radiation, but it is a pity that the existence of primitive black holes has not been observed so far.

If the Nobel Prize can be posthumously awarded to those who have passed away, I think it is not an exaggeration for Einstein to win several more Nobel Prizes. In fact, however, Einstein won the Nobel Prize only once because of the photoelectric effect. Relativity, one of the two pillars of physics in the twentieth century, didn't win the prize.

Photo: In the age of genius, there are 17 Nobel Prize winners in a photo.

Hawking has been studying black holes all his life, but he has never seen their real faces. I have to say it's a kind of sadness. After only two years of hard work, astronomers finally got the first black hole photo and published it. According to scientists, the publication of this black hole photo once again confirmed the correctness of Einstein's theory of relativity. At the same time, Einstein and Hawking, two characters related to black holes, became angry again.

However, this black hole photo does not prove Hawking radiation. Hawking radiation means that weak radiation will also be emitted around the event horizon of a black hole. This theory holds that there will be positive and negative virtual particle pairs around the event horizon of a black hole, and the black hole will absorb antiparticles because of gravity. In this way, the positive particle will escape from the black hole, indicating that the black hole emits a particle. The intensity of Hawking radiation is related to the size of the black hole. The smaller the black hole, the higher the temperature, and the stronger the radiation, so the miniature black hole will burst into radiation instantly (black hole evaporation). The black hole we observed this time is a supermassive black hole in the center of M87 galaxy, with a mass of 665,438+billion times that of the sun. Therefore, Hawking radiation of black holes can be basically ignored.

In addition, there are hot gas molecules and a large number of high-energy rays produced by black hole accretion disks. So even if there is Hawking radiation, it will be covered by it and cannot be observed at all. So Hawking radiation has not been proved. However, even if it is proved, Hawking will not win the Nobel Prize because it will not be awarded to the dead.

The Nobel Prize is the most famous prize in the field of human science, and the winners of its scientific prizes are all great men who promote the progress of human civilization. However, the Nobel Prize is never awarded to the dead, so Hawking will never win the Nobel Prize.

Hawking, as an outstanding physicist and popular science writer, became the most famous physicist after Einstein because of his experience of being physically disabled and determined, but his academic achievements were not as good as Einstein's. Hawking radiation about black hole evaporation theory may be Hawking's only chance to win the Nobel Prize, but Hawking himself left before proving it.

According to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, the annihilation of positive and negative virtual particles occurs all the time in our universe. One virtual particle pair around a black hole will be sucked into the black hole and the other will escape. This radiation is Hawking radiation. It breaks the theory of black hole invariance that people used to think. Since then, human beings have known that black holes will slowly evaporate due to this Hawking radiation and eventually dissipate in the universe.

Unfortunately, the intensity of Hawking radiation is very weak. The black hole in the center of M87 galaxy photographed by this horizon telescope shows no signs of Hawking radiation, and the red light around it is just an accretion disk of the black hole.

If the Nobel Prize can be posthumously awarded to the late physicist, then the gravitational waves of previous years, together with the photos of this black hole, should be posthumously awarded to Einstein for two Nobel Prizes in physics.

In April this year 10 released the first real photo of human black holes, which once again proved Einstein's theory of relativity, but no Hawking radiation was found. Even if discovered, the late Hawking has no chance to win the Nobel Prize.

Hawking radiation is based on Heisenberg's uncertainty principle Hawking speculated that if there are virtual particle pairs outside the event horizon of a black hole, when one is absorbed by the black hole, the other will absorb the weak energy radiation of the black hole and escape. External observers look like particles released by black holes.

However, the photo of the black hole on April 10 only shows a doughnut-shaped red bright aperture with a black shadow inside. Everyone may have seen this epoch-making photo, and there is no trace of Hawking radiation from beginning to end. The first photo of the black hole has been observed by EHT for more than 65,438+00 years. This is a virtual telescope network composed of 8 telescopes around the world. More than 200 scientists have worked together to take this spectacular photo of the black hole, which is not easy. I'm afraid there is still a long way to go to observe and photograph the subtle Hawking radiation.

According to the data, the Nobel Prize was awarded to those who won the Peace Prize in the past two periods: 193 1 and 196 1, and it was stipulated that those who died after 1974 should not be awarded prizes. The list of candidates has also been kept secret for 50 years unless the winner is announced. Therefore, even if Hawking radiation is discovered, Hawking, who died last year, will not win the Nobel Prize, not to mention that Hawking radiation has not been confirmed.

Although this photo of the black hole makes the gods cry, does it prove Hawking radiation and make the old man win the Nobel Prize? Let's draw a conclusion first. This photo of a black hole doesn't prove the black hole radiation. Of course, Master Huo is even less likely to win the Nobel Prize.

Black hole radiation is one of Hawking's main research achievements and the main direction of his early cosmology research. However, the black hole radiation is mainly concentrated on small-mass black holes, which is the "primordial black hole" caused by the uneven squeezing of time and space in BIGBANG. This is one of the proofs of the uneven expansion of BIGBANG. These black holes are not caused by their own gravitational collapse, but by external pressure. Because of its small mass, it should be a hot and dazzling existence due to the annihilation effect of positive and negative particles in the quantum field, and α -rays and X-rays will be released in the extension of the horizon. It is completely different from the black hole formed when other stars collapse.

Giant black holes are the product of the evolution and decline of stars.

The black hole photographed this time is a super-giant black hole located in AM87 Sagittarius, with millions of times the mass and volume of the sun! It is 50 million light years away from our solar system. According to the virtual radio telescope on the earth, the diameter is the same as the earth. Two years of filming.

If there is a black hole from the beginning, people can observe that its boundary should be at the edge of the solar system, which is formed by background analysis such as alpha rays. The black hole released this time is a strong accretion disk radiation phenomenon at the edge of the black hole horizon photographed by a giant radio array telescope. If it is a giant black hole, the electromagnetic radiation of this accretion disk will completely cover Hawking radiation, so it is impossible to verify Hawking's theory at the same time.

Hawking didn't stick to this theory until after 2000, and he has already stated that he will give up the black hole radiation theory. So even if we can prove the existence of black holes in the beginning and observe the phenomenon, it has little to do with him.

To sum up, do you know that Hawking can't win the Nobel Prize? This photo of a black hole actually has little to do with him.

I'm Mr. Cat. Thanks for reading.

The release of the first black hole photo confirmed the radiation of the black hole. Can Hawking win the Nobel Prize?

The publication of this black hole photo once again proves that Einstein is really a supernatural being, but it is still unknown whether Hawking is a famous scientist who studies black holes, but his "Hawking radiation" theory about black holes cannot be reflected in this "black hole" photo!

What information will this text on the release map of supermassive black hole in the center of M87 galaxy tell us?

First, the scene projection of this computer is a pirated WINDOWS system, and the visual observation is WIN 10. I believe everyone has seen it!

Let's officially start a simple interpretation of the meaning in the above picture!

Second, the observation characteristics are consistent with the shadows produced by spinning black holes.

The bottom (south) of the black hole picture is bright and the top (north) is dark, which is caused by the Doppler effect of the black hole spin. Moreover, in the south, the forward direction of the spin is towards the earth, so the radiation band accelerates and the band shifts blue, so we will see more observation band radiation, while in the north, the forward direction of the spin is far away from the earth, so more bands will enter the red shift, and the originally observable radiation band will be invisible, so it will become dim!

This is consistent with the theoretical model!

Third, the north-south asymmetry is determined by the spin of the black hole, and the spin direction can be determined!

According to the asymmetry of light and dark, the spin direction of the black hole is determined. After analysis, the spin direction of a black hole is like a wheel, but the spin direction rolls away from the earth!

Fourth, the angle between the jet and the line of sight is 17 degrees, and the son of a black hole likes to stay away from the earth and rotate clockwise. .....

There is a theoretical relativistic jet, that is, the magnetic field on the surface of the black hole accretion disk is twisted along the direction of the black hole rotation axis and emitted to both sides of the rotation axis! Under normal circumstances, it will be on both sides, even thousands of light years old!

5. The mass of the black hole in the center of 5.M87 galaxy is 6.5 billion times that of the sun.

This can be roughly calculated according to the X-ray band energy of the accretion disk. The size of accretion disks with different masses is different, and the energy levels of X-rays emitted by falling materials are also different. Of course, this is not the focus of this article!

Einstein completed these theories 19 16 years before the publication of general relativity. You know, there was nothing at that time, only paper and pen tubes were enough! The gravitational bending light predicted by him was proved in the solar eclipse observation of 19 19, but the gravitational wave was detected by LIGO nearly 100 years ago! Horizon telescope proves Einstein's black hole theory! Exaggerated, it seems that the whole world has been doing nothing for 100 years and is busy proving the general theory of relativity of loving the old man (of course this is a joke)!

So, you should be okay with turning Einstein into a super god, haha!

Next, let's talk about Hawking's Nobel Prize. According to tradition, the Nobel Prize will not be awarded to a scientist who has passed away, no matter how high his achievements are! Therefore, longevity is very important. Of course, this photo of the black hole does not prove the Hawking radiation theory of the black hole! In fact, the relationship with Uncle Huo is not particularly great, but his science popularization is very good, which makes many friends feel that even black holes are Hawking's!

Accurately speaking, this Hawking radiation is difficult to be verified, so the probability that Uncle Huo's radiation theory will be verified in the future is extremely slim. Perhaps the future technology will be improved with Einstein's black hole theory being verified one by one, but it may be much longer than Einstein's theory!

There is no chance. Although photos of black holes can prove the existence of black holes, Hawking is neither the first physicist to put forward the concept of black holes nor the first physicist to calculate the existence of black holes. So even if today's photos can prove the existence of black holes, it has nothing to do with Hawking.

In addition, the time when humans first put forward the concept of black hole dates back to the end of18th century. At that time, two scientists put forward the concept of black hole, one named Michelle and the other named Laplace.

They think that when the mass of celestial bodies in the universe reaches a certain level, the light they emit cannot escape their own great gravity, so these celestial bodies are invisible to human beings.

Later, in the 20th century, when Einstein's general theory of relativity was published, a German scientist named Schwartz calculated the existence of black holes.

He found that when the density of a celestial body is infinite, a bottomless pit will be formed in space. This bottomless pit is the so-called black hole, so Schwartz is recognized as the first person to calculate black holes, so if the Nobel Prize is really to be awarded, it should also be awarded to Schwartz.

But the Nobel Prize is not awarded to people who have passed away, so neither Schwartz nor Hawking has a chance to win the Nobel Prize. In addition, Hawking's research mainly focuses on the evaporation of black holes, but it is much more difficult to prove the evaporation of black holes than the existence of black holes.

If the black hole evaporates slowly, it will take hundreds of millions of years, but even if Hawking's theory of black hole evaporation is correct, Hawking still can't win the Nobel Prize because he has passed away. ...

In the history of the Nobel Prize, only one person passed away. The reason was that the Nobel Prize Committee didn't know that the scientist had passed away.

In fact, there is a principle that the Nobel Prize should not be awarded to scientists who have passed away, because the prize was originally set up to encourage them. Results With the full development of scientific research, many winners won awards decades after their achievements were published. For example, Chandraseka, who taught astrophysics to Li Zhengdao and Yang Zhenning, spent about 50 years from publication to winning the prize.

Hawking's greatest achievements are black hole thermodynamics and Hawking radiation. In fact, it is still difficult to analyze anything based on this photo, because Hawking's radiation is particularly weak. A black hole with the mass of 10 times that of the sun will not evaporate completely until 10 66 years. Although the black hole is very big, this time is enough to show how slow the evaporation rate is. Therefore, to observe this, we need more powerful observation instruments to achieve it.

However, I think Hawking's achievements are actually great, and he is so great.

To understand this problem, we need to know who the Nobel Prize is generally awarded to and what the black hole radiation is.

1, who are the Nobel Prizes usually awarded to?

Like other types of awards, the first criterion for judging the Nobel Prize is the achievements of each candidate in their respective fields, that is, their outstanding contributions in five fields: physics, chemistry, medicine or physiology, literature and peace. Generally speaking, about 1500 scientists are nominated every year.

According to the regulations of the Nobel Foundation, except for the list of final winners, the list of other candidates is kept confidential for 50 years, and in principle, it cannot be made public for 50 years. Moreover, because of 1974, the Nobel Prize has not been awarded to the deceased in principle, which means that candidates can only be named before their death.

But Professor Hawking died on June 4th, 2008+2065438, and he will always belong to the stars in the universe, so his old man has no chance to win the Nobel Prize.

2. Black hole radiation

I believe many people are familiar with the word "radiation" alone. We are already familiar with solar radiation, cosmic radiation and nuclear radiation. However, adding the word "black hole" before radiation may confuse many people.

Simply put, black hole radiation is the thermal radiation emitted by black holes, which is inferred by Professor Hawking according to the quantum effect theory, so it is also called Hawking radiation. Although the mass of a black hole is very large and its gravity is particularly strong, the motion of the black hole also follows the law of conservation of energy. After all, black holes are mainly evolved from stars. With the constant change of the internal and external environment of the black hole, the evaporation of the black hole is also going on, and finally the mass of the black hole is "evaporated" and disappeared, which is also the basic law of the separation and integration of the universe.

As for the real black hole photos, yesterday, around 2 1 April 201April 9, Chinese Academy of Sciences held a major achievement conference from the event horizon telescope in Shanghai Astronomical Building, and showed the "real content" of the first black hole photo of human beings through the live lens, and calculated the related volume of this huge black hole in the center of M87 galaxy-M87 galaxy.

Now it is known that the volume and mass of the sun are1.41155e+18 cubic kilometers and 1.989 1E+27 tons respectively, and the volume and mass of the M87 black hole are 9./kloc respectively. And the volume and mass of the sun are respectively 1, 299493.687 times and 3346 1.8609 times that of the earth. It can also be calculated that the volume and mass of the M87 black hole are respectively 8.4467 1e+ 12 times and 2./kloc-0 times that of the earth.

As we mentioned earlier, black holes are supermassive objects derived from Einstein's general theory of relativity. Because its mass is so great that even light cannot escape, normal optical instruments cannot complete observation. However, the greater the mass of the black hole, the greater the gravity, and the high temperature generated by the high-speed sinking of the gas around the black hole under the gravity of the black hole will cause thermal radiation, so it will be "bright", which is beneficial to other instruments for observation and imaging.

But then again, Professor Hawking has been hailed as one of the great men with international reputation in the 20th century, and he has many celebrity titles and is respected by the world, so it doesn't matter whether he won the Nobel Prize or not.