What are the personality characteristics of the nationals of several representative countries in the EU member states?

France is a country with strong national pride. Because of the war in history, the French hate the Germans and the British the most, just as the China people don't like the Japanese.

The French like to laugh most are Belgians. There are many jokes in France that are specially used to run on Belgians. They think Belgians are always stupid. However, to be honest, in fact, I don't see anything wrong with Belgians. Speaking of Spaniards and Italians who belong to the Latin quarter like them, they will feel that the other side is too enthusiastic, especially too casual with women. The French think they treat women moderately-gentle, considerate, romantic and affectionate, but not too frivolous. "They don't spank women in the street like those Italians or Spaniards."

When it comes to Americans, the French still look disdainful. They think that although Americans look very open, they are actually not open. When the French meet, they are asked to do a face-to-face ceremony, which is absolutely forbidden in the United States. Americans may be accused of "sexual harassment" if they touch a woman's hand a little. Moreover, the French think they are more tolerant of other people's private lives than Americans. Americans criticized this behavior when they learned that Clinton had a lover, but the French did not express any dissatisfaction with the birth of the illegitimate daughter of the late French President Mitterrand. A considerable proportion of French people think that extramarital affairs are excusable.

Characteristics of Germans

Observe discipline and keep clean and tidy.

Germans attach great importance to rules and discipline and take everything very seriously. Where there are express provisions, Germans will consciously abide by them; Germans will never touch anything that is forbidden. In the eyes of some people, many times, Germans are almost inflexible, inflexible and even a little unreasonable. But when you think about it, this "inflexibility" is very beneficial. How can there be order without discipline? No rules, no decency?

Germans attach great importance to cleanliness. They not only pay attention to keeping their small environment clean and tidy, but also attach great importance to keeping the big environment clean and tidy. In Germany, everything is clean and tidy in parks, streets, theaters and other public places. Germans also attach great importance to clothing. Wear work clothes to work. Although you can dress casually when you come home from work, you will definitely dress neatly as long as there are guests visiting or going out for activities. When watching a drama or opera, women should wear long skirts, and men should wear formal clothes, at least dark clothes. This is especially true when attending social activities or formal banquets.

Punctuality likes silence.

Germans are punctual, make appointments, and never change easily without special circumstances. When Germans are invited to other people's homes or go out to visit friends, they will arrive on time, and will not let the host waste time waiting or have to entertain guests in advance. Otherwise, it is impolite. If you can't keep the appointment on time for special reasons, you will apologize to your friends and ask for forgiveness.

Germans prefer quiet life, but they don't like noise except on special occasions. For example, although many people work in cities, they live in rural areas or small towns near cities, in order to be quiet. Even those who live in cities pay great attention to the noise around their houses. For example, you can't play musical instruments from 8 pm to 8 am the next day, and you can't talk loudly. If you want to get together at night, you should explain the situation to your neighbors in advance, ask them to understand, try to arrange it on weekends and try not to make noise. Otherwise, the disturbed neighbors will be very angry and may protest in person, and some people may even ask the police to intervene.

Treat people sincerely and pay attention to etiquette.

Generally speaking, there is not much trouble in dealing with Germans. In most cases, they just. No matter what they can do, they will tell you at once that it can be done. Whatever they can't do, they will definitely tell you "no", rarely put on airs or give ambiguous answers. Of course, interpersonal relationships and efforts are by no means without influence.

Like many western countries, Germans pay more attention to etiquette. When we meet, whether we know each other or not, whether we are on the road, or in offices, hotels, elevators and other places, we all say hello to each other and say "hello". When eating in a restaurant, you should also nod to the customers who have already sat down. It is really "courtesy to politeness, courtesy to many people". Friends shake hands to greet each other, and so do they when they say goodbye. Good friends I haven't seen for a long time can hug each other when they meet or leave for a long time. On formal occasions, men still kiss women's hands, but they don't have to kiss the back of their hands. In the process of communication, most people often use "you" and surname beginning with "Mr" or "Ms" (also called "Mrs") as honorifics. Only friends, relatives and young people call each other "you" and names. For women, regardless of marriage and age, they can be called "Ms. XXX", but for married women, they should be called by their husband's surname.

Gifts are also highly valued in Germany. When invited to other people's homes, they usually bring gifts. Most people bring flowers, some male guests bring a bottle of wine, and some people bring a meaningful book (or a book written by themselves) or a picture album. Send more flowers when welcoming guests (such as stations and airports) and visiting patients. When congratulating others on their birthdays, festivals or weddings, you can send cards. If you give a gift, you should take practicality and significance as the principle, not the price. Gifts should be wrapped in gift paper in advance. Many people will open the gift immediately after receiving it and express their gratitude to the giver.

In Germany and other western countries, women are given priority in many occasions such as entering the door, getting into the elevator and getting on the bus. Men should help women open the car door, hang up their clothes and give up their seats. The lady only said "thank you" for this, and she didn't feel embarrassed, nor did she think that the other party was up to no good. Germans pay great attention to respect each other when talking with others. Don't ask other people's private affairs (such as female age, income, etc.). ) and don't make fun of the people present. When talking, don't talk to people sitting far away from the table, for fear of affecting others' emotions.

Note: Of course, with the progress of the times and the change of the surrounding environment, the traditional customs in Germany have also changed, and the younger generation lives in their own way. However, the older generation, most Germans still follow these customs in essence.

When you come into contact with Germans, you will also come into contact with the differences between the typical Germans of the older generation and the young Germans of today.

Germans are characterized by diligence and self-confidence. Self-disciplined Germans attach great importance to form and punctuality, and both public and private affairs must be scheduled and punctual. It is impossible to meet the Germans without prior agreement. If you need to postpone or cancel the appointment for any reason, you must call the other party. Otherwise, it is not only rude, but also considered a great insult to it. Germans emphasize efficiency, discipline and meticulousness in their work.

I have many social activities in my spare time. There are receptions, cocktail parties, buffet parties, dances, etc. Besides, Germans love to travel, especially in winter and summer. After my trip, I like to get together at my friend's house and hold a banquet to welcome my guests.

Germans are an orderly people. Everyone has his own "belonging", and even everything has its "proper" position. Foreigners travel in Germany. The first feeling is that everything is in good order there. Signs to maintain order and prohibition signs can be seen everywhere. When Germans appear in public, they pay attention to dignified behavior, moderate respect for people and follow the rules in everything.

As the saying goes, there are local customs everywhere, and Germany is no exception. Germans used to divide "being a guest" into courtesy visits, farewell visits, thank-you visits, return visits, inaugural visits, overnight guests and fiancee visits. Later, people found that there were two kinds of guests: Mr. and Ms. For the first time, a quarter of an hour or half an hour was enough. Guests don't bring gifts or bouquets, and the host doesn't entertain anything. The best time to visit is from 6 pm to 6: 30 pm, or around noon 12 pm. It is best to inform the interviewee in advance.

There are many rules for eating. A decent meal always starts with an aperitif Whether cooking in a restaurant or at home, Germans always like a bitter aperitif. After all the guests get to know each other, everyone will stand around and chat about unimportant and relaxing things, because wine and vegetables need a good atmosphere. When seated, men should not be seated until the hostess and other female guests are seated. Men should help women move their seats. Keep your body straight, relax, land on your feet, and don't move too much. When the hostess picks up the tableware, she can eat.

German gifts are more affordable, and there are also reasons for giving gifts, such as birthdays, engagements, marriages, etc. Guests only bring small things, such as a bunch of flowers, a bottle of wine, or something made by themselves. Known as "small gifts, swallowing friendship".

In the starry sky of human history, some great names are associated with a country located in the center of Europe-Germany. Beethoven said: I want to hold the fate by the throat ... Marx said: the proletarians of the world unite! Bismarck said: Germany's interests are above everything else! Einstein said: E=MC2. Hegel said: without passion, it is difficult to achieve great things.

In fact, German handwriting in world history is always so dignified and profound. This nation has a rigorous, calm and introverted national character. They are proud of their willingness to abide by their own rules and regulations. In fact, accurate and reasonable arrangements can always make German society develop in an orderly and step-by-step manner. Even in the face of great changes in the external environment, Germans can still maintain an instinctive calm. In Germany, people regard obeying the law as the highest ethical principle, and people generally have the psychology of seeking stability, fearing chaos, being content with the status quo and being complacent and self-sufficient. The formation of this psychology has a certain historical origin, which is directly related to German classical philosophy and cultural tradition. Nowadays, Marx's "scientific socialism", Hegel's "absolute spirit" and the "wolf tactics" invented by German Admiral of the fleet Deng Nici during World War II have been constantly applied in enterprises.

Germans seem to be mostly unsmiling, and people may find them difficult to get along with and inflexible. In fact, the biggest difference between Germans and China people is that in their eyes, everything is either black or white, because German is a complex and accurate language, and grammar and vocabulary cannot be blurred. In the eyes of China people, besides black and white, there are more levels of gray. British people deal with all kinds of relationships at work like politicians; The French bring life into the office; Asians don't work hard; Germans, on the other hand, have clear boundaries between work and life. Germans are serious, conservative, introspective and cautious in doing business. German business managers are very similar to private entrepreneurs in China. They are frugal and good at using resources, but the difference is that they know how to enjoy life better.

In contrast, many entrepreneurs in China jump like jumping frogs. Germans are famous for their rigid and conservative sales style. Anyone who has had shopping experience in Germany knows that shop assistants there rarely follow customers step by step, and they don't smile actively. In their view, it is your personal right to buy or not to buy things there-this concept is quite the same as China's view that "good wine is not afraid of the depth of the alley".

I don't know whether the German philosophical tradition has created many German philosophers or whether these philosophers have created the German philosophical tradition. Anyway, German philosophical tradition has deeply influenced the behavior of German enterprises: the pursuit of perfection. This perfect philosophical pursuit consists of three parts: exploring the essence of things, determining the long-term strategy and adapting to the external environment. In the early 1990s, German enterprises reacted very slowly to the market in China, which was the stage when they studied the "essence of China". Only by grasping the essence can we achieve complete victory. This is exactly the same as China's "Know yourself and know yourself, and fight every battle". Before investing in China, German enterprises should make a detailed analysis of the operating conditions, human resources and market prospects of potential partners, and never set foot in it easily without full grasp. But once they have a clear grasp and judgment of this market, they will devote themselves to establishing a long-term development strategy, which has been vividly reflected in the development process of German enterprises for more than 20 years.

The perfect pursuit of technology by German enterprises can also be found in the pursuit of perfect philosophy. The idea of pursuing perfection is the eternal quality concept in products and services. In technology, the pursuit of technology is supreme, and the high standards of professional and technical personnel are guaranteed at all levels of technology. The result is the highest reputation of German manufacturing in the global market. General products developed by German enterprises are world-leading and difficult products that others can't develop for a while. 30% of German exports are exclusive products without competitors in the international market. At present, Germany has indisputable advantages in large-scale industrial equipment, fine chemical products, precision machine tools and advanced optical instruments. The first-class skilled workers owned and reserved by German enterprises participating in the vocational training system ensure the strong competitiveness of enterprises in the process of economic globalization.

For example, there is a company in Stuttgart. In order to be in an invincible position in the fierce international competition, they invest about 300 million dollars every year to implement the technical transformation plan, so that the company can update its equipment in the fastest time, and also invest more than 35 million dollars every year for employee training. 80% of the company's profits come from the new products developed in the last three years.

British people pay attention to clothes, and clothes should change from time to time. They tend to judge people by their appearance, so they should pay special attention to their appearance and attitude. British people pay attention to clothes, and they should be well dressed as soon as they leave home. Although the British have lost their former glory, they are particularly conceited. Because people in the upper and middle classes live comfortably, they have developed the traditional manners of "gentleman" and "lady". But they are old-fashioned, generally keen on conformism, reserved and solemn. Ordinary families love old furniture, old furnishings, old clocks and watches handed down from the previous generation and show them off. There are many "century-old shops" in London, the capital. The more famous the shops, the more completely they retain their original style or layout. Although the car engine has been replaced with a new model, the model should be kept the same as before. There are two post offices in London, which are open day and night 365 days a year and never rest. It is said that they are preserved according to the ancient English tradition.

English people are withdrawn, rigid in life, conscientious in work, not interested in foreign affairs, often reticent, cautious about new things, and have a unique calm humor. They are reserved and indifferent, and their feelings are not revealed. Even if there are sad things, they often don't show up. They seldom lose their temper and are patient. They don't want to argue with others unnecessarily. The British are very patient. Under no circumstances will they show anxiety.

British people are polite and speak very politely. The words "thank you" and "please" never leave their mouths. Speak politely to English people, whether they are waiters or drivers. Ask them to be polite when they do things, and don't make people feel condescending, or you may get the cold shoulder. The British respect women. In Britain, the social atmosphere of "ladies first" is very strong. If you go, let the lady go first. Take the elevator to promote women. When taking buses and trams, let the ladies get on first. Pour wine for the hostess or hostess first. Walking in the street, men should go outside to avoid danger and protect women from harm. Husbands usually participate in various social activities with their wives, and they are always used to introducing their wives to distinguished guests first. According to British business etiquette, it is advisable to wear a three-piece suit and a traditional conservative tie at any time, but don't wear a striped tie, because the British will associate it with the old "legion" or old-school uniform tie. The British have a strong sense of time. When they meet or discuss business, they must make an appointment in advance. Punctuality is very important. It's best to arrive a few minutes early. The way they get along is punctuality and keeping their promises.

All ethnic groups in Britain still follow traditional customs and should avoid using the word "English" to mean "Englishman". If you meet two businessmen, one is Scottish or Welsh, and you say he is English, then he will correct you to say he is Scottish or Welsh and use the word English.

When talking about business, we should be cautious. Shake hands when meeting for the first time or on special occasions, or when expressing approval and congratulations. In Britain, it is not popular to invite each other to breakfast to discuss business. Generally speaking, their lunch is relatively simple, and they pay more attention to dinner, which is regarded as dinner.

Therefore, major banquets are held at dinner. It's best to bring some low-value gifts when visiting an Englishman's home, because spending less will not be suspected of bribery. Gifts generally include: high-grade chocolate, famous wine, flowers, especially folk handicrafts with national characteristics in China, which they particularly appreciate. Not interested in souvenirs marked by the guest company. In Britain, items such as clothes and soap are too involved in personal life, so they are generally not used as gifts. Chrysanthemums are only used for Halloween or funerals in any European country, and are generally not suitable for giving away. White lilies symbolize death in Britain and should not be given away. Other flowers can be given away. Potted plants are usually delivered after the banquet. If you are invited to someone else's house, you need to pay attention. If it is a social occasion, not a business, it is impolite to arrive early. The hostess should prepare it for you. If you go early, she will be embarrassed if she is not ready. It is better to arrive late 10 minutes. The habits of the British and our country are very different in accepting gifts. They often open gifts in front of guests, and the host will give warm praise and thanks regardless of the value or use of the gifts. Scotch whisky is a popular gift, but strong whisky is not.

British businessmen generally don't like being invited to banquets at home. Most parties are held in hotels and restaurants. In a sense, English banquets are mainly frugal. They hate wasteful people. For example, if you want to make tea for a treat, if there are three guests, you must only boil three servings of water. England is very particular about drinking tea. People from all walks of life like to drink tea, especially women are addicted to tea. British people also have the habit of drinking afternoon tea, that is, at 3-4 o'clock in the afternoon, they put down their work, drink a cup of black tea, sometimes have a snack and rest for a quarter of an hour, which is called "tea break". The host often invites you to have afternoon tea with him. In this case, you don't have to refuse him. Smoking is generally not allowed at formal banquets. It is considered impolite to smoke while eating.

In Britain, inviting the other person to lunch, dinner, drinking in a bar or watching a play or ballet is regarded as giving a gift. For the drinks provided by the host, it is advisable for the guests to drink no more than 3 cups. If they feel that they are full, they can quickly turn the empty cup over to the host to show that they are full and thank them. The business hours of pubs are usually 1 1 to 3 pm and 5: 30 pm to 3 pm 1 1. There are usually many people who are thirsty for wine in pubs. During the rush hour, later guests bought snacks and stood and drank without seats.

British businessmen responded positively to constructive suggestions. Dress well and talk about style. When attending a banquet or party, you are used to wearing a black dress. Your clothes and pants must be very hot. When traveling to Britain, we should pay attention to some taboos: avoid talking about personal affairs, family affairs, weddings and funerals, age, occupation, income and religion. Due to religious reasons, they are very jealous of the number "13" and think it is an unlucky number. Try to avoid the number "13" in daily life. 13 is not allowed to sit at the same table when eating. If 13 is Friday, it is considered unlucky. You can't show "two" with your hand out. This "V" gesture is a hostile act of contempt for others. Walking in the street, pay attention to traffic safety, and all vehicles drive on the left.

British people have a good sense of humor, and sometimes they may appear serious when making fun of them. They are good at laughing at themselves, but they will never gloat over other people's misfortunes.

Privacy is very important to the British. Personal problems, such as marriage, love relationship, finance, health and other topics should be avoided.

When talking about business, I like to come straight to the point and express my opinions, rather than beating around the bush. That's what the British mean when they say "no", not bargaining. People in different parts of Britain may have different accents. Some accents may be very strong, which makes it difficult for China students who are used to the standard English in their hometown to understand. Some students may find telephone communication more difficult than face-to-face conversation. The way to achieve effective communication is: when in doubt, don't be afraid to interrupt and ask questions. Spelling is required when necessary, especially names and places.

People may use common sayings in their daily conversations. China students are unfamiliar with these proverbs, or even don't understand them. For example, Loo refers to WC, Tube refers to metro, Tea refers to dinner in some cases, and Pants refers to underwear. People say "apartment" instead of "apartment". "Rent" means "rent". In informal situations, "cheers" are often used instead of "thank you". When people say "lovely", "brilliant" and "magnificent", they mean "yes"

The British consciously abide by public order. You will queue up consciously when you need to wait. By the ATM, people will consciously keep a reasonable distance from those who use the machine. In crowded places, people are used to keeping as much distance as possible to avoid collision.

On the escalator, you will consciously stand to the right and let those who are eager to pass through pass from the left.

The British are very polite. They will say "please" when making a request and "thank you" after receiving help or service, no matter how trivial it is.

Inform your friends in advance before you visit them. Uninvited guests can be annoying. Avoid calling other people's homes after 10 pm.

An Englishman who likes reading.

In public places in Britain, British people who read books and newspapers can be seen almost everywhere. When I walked into the London underground station, I saw that the passengers waiting for the bus on the platform were all immersed in reading; When you squeeze into the carriage, you will find that about half of the passengers, whether sitting or standing, are reading books. Careful observation shows that some people are reading English novels and entertaining newspapers, but most people are reading professional books, covering finance, architecture, astronomy, physics, chemistry and other aspects. Readers often forget to get off the bus and miss the station.